New Cosmic X-Ray Class, Chiron’s Mysteries, and the Next Space Station Era: S27E155

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Kind: captions
Language: en

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this is spacetime series 27 episode 155


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for broadcast on the 25th of December


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2024 coming up on space time discovery


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of a new class of cosmic x-ray


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uncovering the secrets of the centors


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and nessa's plans for multiple


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commercial space stations to replace the


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ISS all that and more coming up on


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SpaceTime welcome to SpaceTime with


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Stuart Gary


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[Music]


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astronomers have identified a new class


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of cosmic x-ray Source possibly


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originating from a new type of Nova


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event the findings reported in the asttr


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physical Journal letters follows the


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identification of 29 unusual objects in


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the large and small magelan clouds to


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nearby satellite galaxies which orbit


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the Milky Way these objects all


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displayed unexpected Behavior some


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exhibited long duration x-ray outbursts


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typically lasting several months during


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which time they brighten by up to 20


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times their usual brightness others


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however exhibited recurring outbreaks


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every few Earth years and still others


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flared up only the once during the


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observation period now in space x-rays


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are commonly generated by Hot Gas


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falling on compact objects like white


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dwarves neutron stars or black holes but


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they can also be generated by


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decelerating charged particles such as


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electrons the author's discover these


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objects by analyzing over 20 years of


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data collected by Ogle the optical


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gravitational lensing experiment survey


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one of the objects named Ogle m n 11


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began an outburst in November 2023


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providing a unique opportunity for a


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detailed examination the study's lead


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author prismic Ros from the University


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of Warsaw says observations using the


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southern African large telescope


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revealed signatures for ionized atoms of


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helium carbon and nitrogen indicating


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extremely high temperatures and the star


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was also observed by NASA's Swift space


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Observatory which detected x-rays


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corresponding to a temperature of some


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600,000 de cus now given its distance of


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over 160,000 light years from Earth ogal


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M over 11 emitted more than 100 times


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the Luminosity of our sun the object's


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unusual properties resembled another


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system called Assassin 6


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that was discovered in 2016 by the all


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Sky automated survey for super noov the


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authors believe ogal M no 11 assassin


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160 and the other 27 objects form a new


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class of transient x-ray sources which


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they've named mil no as their Peak


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brightness is roughly a thousand times


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lower than that of a classical Nova


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novva occur when a white dwarf that is


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the remains of a sunlike star is in a


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binary partnership closely orbiting a


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sub Giant star that's exhausted its


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hydrogen in its core and is expanded out


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to become a red giant and gradually


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draws more and more Mass from its binary


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partner now this matter builds up on the


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surface of the wide dwarf until it


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reaches a critical mass the hydrogen


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ignites causing a thermonuclear


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explosion not enough to destroy the star


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in a supernova event but certainly


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enough to be seen in what's called a


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classical Nova and then the cycle starts


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over again a nerv can therefore repeat


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multiple times now like classical no


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Milly no are thought to be binary


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systems consisting of two objects


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orbiting each other with a period of


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just a few days again one object is a


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white dwarf closely orbiting a sub Giant


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star that expanded out to become a red


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giant and once again the proximity of


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the two stars allows material to flow


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from the subgiant to the white dwarf but


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the exact source of the x-rays remains a


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mystery now one scenario suggests that


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x-rays might be produced as the subgiant


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material falls on the white to surface


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releasing energy alternatively the


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x-rays could be the result of a


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thermonuclear runaway on the white dwarf


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surface just like a regular Nova but on


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a smaller scale now if this latter


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hypothesis is correct then Milly nov may


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play a crucial role in astrophysics see


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as a white dwarf grows in Mass it can


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eventually reach a critical threshold


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known as the Chandra sear limit about


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1.4 solar masses at that point the white


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dwarf will explode as a type 1 a


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Supernova one of the most powerful


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explosions in the universe able to


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outshine an entire galaxy this is


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spacetime still to come uncovering the


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secretes of centors and plans for modle


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commercial space stations to replace the


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ISS all that and more still to come on


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SpaceTime


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[Music]


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astronomers have begun studying a unique


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family of comet-like asteroids known as


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centors which orbit the Sun in the dark


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cold outer Riches of the solar system


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between Jupiter and Neptune scientists


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with the University of Central Florida


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have now been using the James webspace


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telescope to reveal the strange one-of a


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kind attributes of 2060 shyon a distance


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centur which is providing new clues


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about the origins of our solar system


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centur are into the mythical creature


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they borrow their names from in that


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they're hybrids possessing


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characteristics of both asteroids and


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comets using the web Space Telescope


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astronomers have discovered that chyon


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has surface chemistry unlike that of any


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other known centur a report in the


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journal astronomy and astrophysics shows


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that its surface has both carbon dioxide


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and carbon monoxide ice along with


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carbon dioxide and methane gases in its


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coma the carlike envelope of dust and


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gas surrounding its nucleus one of the


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study's authors Naomi finel Alonso says


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the new findings built on early


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discoveries that detected carbon


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monoxide and carbon dioxide ice on trans


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neptunian objects earlier this year


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trans neptunian objects include Frozen


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debris comets and icy worlds that Circle


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the sun beyond the orbit of Neptune


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vanilla Alonzo says those earlier


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observations paired with the new ones of


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chyon are producing foundational


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knowledge for understanding the creation


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of our solar system that's because these


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objects have all largely remained


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unchanged since the solar system was


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formed 4.6 billion years ago she says


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all the small bodies in the solar system


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talk to astronomers about how it was


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back in time during a period which we


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can no longer observe but the active


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centors are telling astronomers much


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more they're undergoing transformation


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driven by solar heating and they're


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providing a unique opportunity to learn


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about their surface and subsurface


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layers she says since Shan possesses


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characteristics of both an asteroid and


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a comet it makes it rich for studying


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the processes that could assist in


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understanding them what's unique about


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chyon is that you can observe both the


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surface where most of the Isis can be


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found and the surrounding coma where you


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see the gases that are originating from


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the surface or just below it on the


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other hand trans neptunian objects don't


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have this kind of activity because


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they're too far away from the Sun


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consequently too cold and asteroids dat


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of this kind of activity either that's


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because they usually don't have any ises


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on them on the other hand comets show


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activity just like centors but they're


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typically observed much closer to the


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Sun and their Comas are also very thick


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which complicates the interpretations of


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observations of the IES on their surface


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discovering which gases are part of the


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coma and their different relationships


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with the ises on the surface helps


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astronomers learn physical and chemical


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properties such as the thickness and the


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paracity The Ice layer its composition


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and how a radiation is affecting it


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discovering these IES gases on an object


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as distant the chyon which is being


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observed near its furthest point from


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the Sun is exciting because it could


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help contextualize other centur chyon


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was first discovered back in


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1977 it's an oddball when compared to


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the majority of centors it has periods


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when it behaves just like an asteroid it


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as rings of material around it and


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potentially a debris field with small


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Dusty or rocky material orbiting around


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it there are so many questions arising


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about the sort of properties on chyon


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which allow the unique behaviors and the


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coexistence of the molecules in various


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States is adding another layer of


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intrigue for those studying comets and


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centors the study also highlighted the


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presence of a radiated byproducts of


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methane carbon monoxide and carbon


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dioxide which will require further


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research and that could help scientist


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further reveal unique processes


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producing shyon surface composition


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scientists are pretty sure that shyon


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originated from the trans neptunian


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objects region and it's been traveling


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around our Solar System since its


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creation a the orbits of chyon and many


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other large non-plan objects


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occasionally experience close encounters


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with one of the Giant Gas planets


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Jupiter Saturn Uranus or Neptune there


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the gravitational pull from the planet


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changes the smaller object's orbit


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taking them all over the solar system


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and exposing them to many different


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environments after about a million years


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or so Centos like sh AR typically are


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rejected from the giant planets region


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where they may end their lives as


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Jupiter family comets or on the other


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hand may be flung back out into the


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trans neptunian objects region some of


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shon's ices such as methane carbon


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dioxide and water ice may even be


00:09:38.399 --> 00:09:40.750
primordial components of chyon inherited


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from the pre-solar nebula others such as


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acyline propane ethane and carbon oxide


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could have formed on the surface because


00:09:48.720 --> 00:09:51.670
of reduction and oxidation processes


00:09:51.680 --> 00:09:53.550
this report from the University of


00:09:53.560 --> 00:09:56.710
Central Florida so I am focused on the


00:09:56.720 --> 00:09:58.949
space composition of minor bodies of the


00:09:58.959 --> 00:10:01.069
Sal system so monobodies of the solell


00:10:01.079 --> 00:10:04.870
system comets asteroids uh meteorites


00:10:04.880 --> 00:10:07.910
everything about that I interested on it


00:10:07.920 --> 00:10:09.829
to conduct our research we are


00:10:09.839 --> 00:10:13.590
astronomers so we need telescopes so


00:10:13.600 --> 00:10:15.509
disco is the acronymous for disc


00:10:15.519 --> 00:10:17.550
discovering the surface composition of


00:10:17.560 --> 00:10:20.750
transan objects disco project is an


00:10:20.760 --> 00:10:23.990
observational program conducted on the


00:10:24.000 --> 00:10:25.470
James web Space


00:10:25.480 --> 00:10:29.470
Telescope and we were awarded with


00:10:29.480 --> 00:10:32.829
almost 100 hours on the first cycle like


00:10:32.839 --> 00:10:34.829
they they launched the telescope they


00:10:34.839 --> 00:10:38.150
made the first call for proposals and we


00:10:38.160 --> 00:10:41.069
were awarded with almost 100 hours to


00:10:41.079 --> 00:10:43.910
study these minor these icy minor bodies


00:10:43.920 --> 00:10:46.750
of the solar system and our goal is to


00:10:46.760 --> 00:10:49.350
study the surface composition of these


00:10:49.360 --> 00:10:52.710
targets 60 objects that are orbiting


00:10:52.720 --> 00:10:55.269
beyond the orbit of Neptune so they


00:10:55.279 --> 00:10:58.190
contain a lot of Isis but we have not


00:10:58.200 --> 00:11:01.870
been able to see the before with the


00:11:01.880 --> 00:11:04.829
instrumentation located ground based so


00:11:04.839 --> 00:11:06.750
now with the JS web is an unique


00:11:06.760 --> 00:11:10.230
opportunity to really dig up information


00:11:10.240 --> 00:11:13.350
on what is the recipe to to have to


00:11:13.360 --> 00:11:15.110
build a


00:11:15.120 --> 00:11:17.190
transology well there are two things


00:11:17.200 --> 00:11:20.310
that exite me a lot that U we are seeing


00:11:20.320 --> 00:11:22.350
the solar system as we never saw it


00:11:22.360 --> 00:11:25.230
before it's like when you lead a mission


00:11:25.240 --> 00:11:27.990
and you approach an object before we


00:11:28.000 --> 00:11:29.870
approached Pluto


00:11:29.880 --> 00:11:33.150
we had just some pixels on the screen


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and we knew there were different


00:11:35.360 --> 00:11:36.910
materials because they had different


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color and different


00:11:38.279 --> 00:11:42.670
Alo but we were not ready at least I was


00:11:42.680 --> 00:11:47.069
not ready for the amazing mountains


00:11:47.079 --> 00:11:48.870
valleys


00:11:48.880 --> 00:11:53.150
glaciers cups everything that the images


00:11:53.160 --> 00:11:56.629
reveal and that is in a similar way is


00:11:56.639 --> 00:11:58.470
happening now for us with J weave and


00:11:58.480 --> 00:12:00.509
will be happening for for decades I


00:12:00.519 --> 00:12:04.389
think because we were not able before to


00:12:04.399 --> 00:12:06.230
access this kind of information with the


00:12:06.240 --> 00:12:08.030
instrumentation that we have so the


00:12:08.040 --> 00:12:09.350
other amazing thing is that we don't


00:12:09.360 --> 00:12:11.829
know where we are going to it and that


00:12:11.839 --> 00:12:16.189
is not as much as the the senior career


00:12:16.199 --> 00:12:17.990
that are going to do that it's all the


00:12:18.000 --> 00:12:19.870
young people the next Generations that


00:12:19.880 --> 00:12:22.990
are being trained now with working with


00:12:23.000 --> 00:12:24.590
the with us and in the different groups


00:12:24.600 --> 00:12:27.069
the ones that are really going to to


00:12:27.079 --> 00:12:29.870
explore the deep and breath of of the


00:12:29.880 --> 00:12:32.629
GSW data and in that report from the


00:12:32.639 --> 00:12:34.550
University of Central Florida we heard


00:12:34.560 --> 00:12:36.470
from astronomers Anna Carolina dusa


00:12:36.480 --> 00:12:40.949
Feliciano and Naomi filla Alonso this is


00:12:40.959 --> 00:12:43.710
spacetime still to come the plans for


00:12:43.720 --> 00:12:45.550
multiple commercial space stations to


00:12:45.560 --> 00:12:48.230
replace the ISS and later in the science


00:12:48.240 --> 00:12:50.870
report a new study shows that all AI


00:12:50.880 --> 00:12:53.550
chatbots show some symptoms of mild


00:12:53.560 --> 00:12:55.750
cognitive impairment similar to early


00:12:55.760 --> 00:12:58.030
stage dementia all that and more still


00:12:58.040 --> 00:13:14.750
to come I


00:13:14.760 --> 00:13:17.310
SpaceTime the number of proposals for


00:13:17.320 --> 00:13:19.069
commercial low earth orbit space


00:13:19.079 --> 00:13:21.269
stations is growing as the countdown to


00:13:21.279 --> 00:13:23.150
the demise of the International Space


00:13:23.160 --> 00:13:26.430
Station continues as the ISS moves


00:13:26.440 --> 00:13:29.110
slowly towards its retirement in 2030


00:13:29.120 --> 00:13:31.150
and NASA continues to work with eer and


00:13:31.160 --> 00:13:33.189
jackon on the new Luna Gateway space


00:13:33.199 --> 00:13:35.550
station as part of the emus program to


00:13:35.560 --> 00:13:37.389
return humid to the moon and eventually


00:13:37.399 --> 00:13:39.790
onto Mars and Beyond works also getting


00:13:39.800 --> 00:13:41.670
underway with help from NASA on the


00:13:41.680 --> 00:13:43.509
development of several new commercial


00:13:43.519 --> 00:13:46.550
low earth orbit space stations so what


00:13:46.560 --> 00:13:48.870
are we looking at well one of these is


00:13:48.880 --> 00:13:51.829
the NASA funded star laab space station


00:13:51.839 --> 00:13:54.189
it's sled for launch a SpaceX Starship


00:13:54.199 --> 00:13:57.110
in 2028 the commercial space station


00:13:57.120 --> 00:13:58.790
designed to be launched in one go on a


00:13:58.800 --> 00:14:00.870
sing Le flight and includes a large


00:14:00.880 --> 00:14:02.749
habitation and laboratory module where


00:14:02.759 --> 00:14:04.389
astronauts will spend most of their time


00:14:04.399 --> 00:14:06.509
living and working and a smaller service


00:14:06.519 --> 00:14:09.030
module for power and propulsion this


00:14:09.040 --> 00:14:10.949
project's already passed a number of key


00:14:10.959 --> 00:14:13.470
developmental Milestones these include


00:14:13.480 --> 00:14:15.350
reviews of the habitat structural test


00:14:15.360 --> 00:14:17.430
article preliminary Design Systems


00:14:17.440 --> 00:14:19.949
integration integrated operations and a


00:14:19.959 --> 00:14:22.829
habitat structural test plan now earlier


00:14:22.839 --> 00:14:25.189
this year star laab space supported by


00:14:25.199 --> 00:14:27.629
NASA completed a structural test article


00:14:27.639 --> 00:14:30.069
preliminary design review the structural


00:14:30.079 --> 00:14:32.470
test article is an actual physical model


00:14:32.480 --> 00:14:35.550
used to test and verify the design styab


00:14:35.560 --> 00:14:37.550
also recently shared a test plan for the


00:14:37.560 --> 00:14:39.990
structural test article this included


00:14:40.000 --> 00:14:41.629
defining qualification tests for the


00:14:41.639 --> 00:14:43.069
development of the unit ranging from


00:14:43.079 --> 00:14:45.389
welding verifications to proof pressure


00:14:45.399 --> 00:14:47.670
and static load testing it also


00:14:47.680 --> 00:14:49.590
completed integrated operations and


00:14:49.600 --> 00:14:51.870
systems integration reviews including


00:14:51.880 --> 00:14:53.629
updates on system and station


00:14:53.639 --> 00:14:56.590
architecture and segment interfaces now


00:14:56.600 --> 00:14:58.269
this review is meant to demonstrate that


00:14:58.279 --> 00:14:59.870
the station's Des design meets the


00:14:59.880 --> 00:15:02.030
requirements of NASA including those


00:15:02.040 --> 00:15:04.069
needed for human space flight


00:15:04.079 --> 00:15:07.230
verification but star laab isn't alone


00:15:07.240 --> 00:15:09.110
other commercial space stations now


00:15:09.120 --> 00:15:10.590
either in the planning or development


00:15:10.600 --> 00:15:13.030
stages include axion's modulus space


00:15:13.040 --> 00:15:14.670
station which will initially be docked


00:15:14.680 --> 00:15:16.430
to the International Space Station


00:15:16.440 --> 00:15:18.430
before eventually moving into its own


00:15:18.440 --> 00:15:20.590
orbit when the ISS is finally


00:15:20.600 --> 00:15:23.069
decommissioned and deorbited and this


00:15:23.079 --> 00:15:25.430
week axium space modified its planned


00:15:25.440 --> 00:15:27.350
assembly sequence in order to accelerate


00:15:27.360 --> 00:15:29.470
its ability to operate the space station


00:15:29.480 --> 00:15:32.269
as a viable free flying complex thereby


00:15:32.279 --> 00:15:33.670
reducing its Reliance on the


00:15:33.680 --> 00:15:35.389
International Space Station during


00:15:35.399 --> 00:15:37.990
assembly the initial axium plan was to


00:15:38.000 --> 00:15:39.829
launch and attach the first module


00:15:39.839 --> 00:15:41.749
habitat 1 to the International Space


00:15:41.759 --> 00:15:43.350
Station followed by three additional


00:15:43.360 --> 00:15:45.670
modules but under the company's new


00:15:45.680 --> 00:15:47.910
assembly sequence a payload power and


00:15:47.920 --> 00:15:49.590
thermal module will be launched to the


00:15:49.600 --> 00:15:51.990
orbiting Laboratory first allowing it to


00:15:52.000 --> 00:15:55.430
depart from the ISS as early as 2028


00:15:55.440 --> 00:15:57.790
becoming a free flying destination to be


00:15:57.800 --> 00:16:00.870
known as axium station now once in Free


00:16:00.880 --> 00:16:02.670
Flight axium space will continue


00:16:02.680 --> 00:16:04.870
assembly of the commercial destination


00:16:04.880 --> 00:16:07.189
adding the habitat 1 module and airlock


00:16:07.199 --> 00:16:09.150
the habitat 2 module and the research


00:16:09.160 --> 00:16:11.590
and Manufacturing facility but as well


00:16:11.600 --> 00:16:13.670
as styab and axium station there are


00:16:13.680 --> 00:16:15.949
also other proposals out there some of


00:16:15.959 --> 00:16:18.430
which are fairly Advanced one of them is


00:16:18.440 --> 00:16:20.829
orbital Reef it's being designed by Blue


00:16:20.839 --> 00:16:22.710
origin and Sierra space both for


00:16:22.720 --> 00:16:24.949
commercial space activities and research


00:16:24.959 --> 00:16:27.470
and for space tourism it'll be designed


00:16:27.480 --> 00:16:29.430
to support at least 10 people at a time


00:16:29.440 --> 00:16:31.230
in multiple accommodation research


00:16:31.240 --> 00:16:33.910
modules and should be operational by


00:16:33.920 --> 00:16:36.870
2027 another proposal is Haven 1 which


00:16:36.880 --> 00:16:38.949
is slated for launch in August next year


00:16:38.959 --> 00:16:42.269
a SpaceX Falcon 9 it'll house a


00:16:42.279 --> 00:16:44.389
micro gravity research facility and


00:16:44.399 --> 00:16:47.110
Manufacturing platform however it's


00:16:47.120 --> 00:16:49.350
designed to only operate when a dragon


00:16:49.360 --> 00:16:51.189
capsu is stocked to it that's because


00:16:51.199 --> 00:16:52.870
the dragon will be needed to supply


00:16:52.880 --> 00:16:55.350
power and life support and of course


00:16:55.360 --> 00:16:57.350
then there's the Bigalow Aerospace


00:16:57.360 --> 00:16:59.189
expandable activity module and it's


00:16:59.199 --> 00:17:00.670
already up there attached to the


00:17:00.680 --> 00:17:02.870
International Space Station it's an


00:17:02.880 --> 00:17:04.510
inflatable module which was docked to


00:17:04.520 --> 00:17:07.150
the space station back in 2016 what was


00:17:07.160 --> 00:17:10.110
meant to be a 2-year experimental test


00:17:10.120 --> 00:17:11.789
however it's proven to be so reliable


00:17:11.799 --> 00:17:13.909
and so useful it's well and truly


00:17:13.919 --> 00:17:16.470
exceeded all expectations and it's now


00:17:16.480 --> 00:17:18.230
remaining attached to the space station


00:17:18.240 --> 00:17:20.230
as additional cargo storage until at


00:17:20.240 --> 00:17:21.350
least


00:17:21.360 --> 00:17:23.870
2028 unfortunately that's more than can


00:17:23.880 --> 00:17:26.150
be said for the Bigalow company itself


00:17:26.160 --> 00:17:30.660
sadly it's since been dissolved this is


00:17:30.670 --> 00:17:44.710
[Music]


00:17:44.720 --> 00:17:46.870
spacetime and time now to take another


00:17:46.880 --> 00:17:48.150
brief look at some of the other stories


00:17:48.160 --> 00:17:50.110
making news and science this week with a


00:17:50.120 --> 00:17:52.909
science report a new study has found


00:17:52.919 --> 00:17:54.789
that exposure to higher levels of air


00:17:54.799 --> 00:17:56.990
pollution over time is associated with a


00:17:57.000 --> 00:17:59.270
higher risk of hospitalization both for


00:17:59.280 --> 00:18:01.990
physical and mental health problems the


00:18:02.000 --> 00:18:03.789
findings reported in the British medical


00:18:03.799 --> 00:18:05.710
journal looked at the hospitalization


00:18:05.720 --> 00:18:07.870
data for just over 200,000 people in


00:18:07.880 --> 00:18:10.990
Scotland over a 15-year period it then


00:18:11.000 --> 00:18:13.110
compared that data with air pollution


00:18:13.120 --> 00:18:15.630
data in their local postcodes the


00:18:15.640 --> 00:18:17.549
authors found that higher exposure to


00:18:17.559 --> 00:18:19.470
air pollution over time was linked to


00:18:19.480 --> 00:18:21.710
higher hospitalization for all causes as


00:18:21.720 --> 00:18:23.830
well as cardiovascular respiratory


00:18:23.840 --> 00:18:25.590
infectious diseases and mental


00:18:25.600 --> 00:18:28.190
behavioral problems they also found that


00:18:28.200 --> 00:18:29.990
different t of air pollution were linked


00:18:30.000 --> 00:18:32.230
to different risks with sulfur dioxide


00:18:32.240 --> 00:18:33.909
more strongly linked to respiratory


00:18:33.919 --> 00:18:36.310
problems while nitrogen dioxide was more


00:18:36.320 --> 00:18:37.950
strongly linked to mental illness and


00:18:37.960 --> 00:18:39.669
behavioral


00:18:39.679 --> 00:18:41.750
disorders new Research into the


00:18:41.760 --> 00:18:43.750
lifespans of Bailey and Wales has


00:18:43.760 --> 00:18:45.789
yielded boom or bu results for two


00:18:45.799 --> 00:18:48.270
well-known species with one species age


00:18:48.280 --> 00:18:50.070
estimates almost doubling from what was


00:18:50.080 --> 00:18:51.710
previously thought and the other


00:18:51.720 --> 00:18:54.390
dramatically reduced due to human-driven


00:18:54.400 --> 00:18:56.710
impacts the findings reported in the


00:18:56.720 --> 00:18:58.950
journal science advances have given


00:18:58.960 --> 00:19:01.029
lifespan estimates to both the southern


00:19:01.039 --> 00:19:03.190
right whale and the North Atlantic right


00:19:03.200 --> 00:19:05.549
whale the authors found that the average


00:19:05.559 --> 00:19:07.870
lifespan for the southern right whale is


00:19:07.880 --> 00:19:11.110
73.4 years with 10% of individuals


00:19:11.120 --> 00:19:12.510
surviving to be


00:19:12.520 --> 00:19:15.789
131.8 years old however the news isn't


00:19:15.799 --> 00:19:18.590
so good for the North Atlantic R whale


00:19:18.600 --> 00:19:20.029
their lifespans are likely to be


00:19:20.039 --> 00:19:21.950
shortened due to human impacts with an


00:19:21.960 --> 00:19:25.350
average maximum age of just 22.3 years


00:19:25.360 --> 00:19:28.070
with just 10% of individuals living past


00:19:28.080 --> 00:19:30.390
47 .2


00:19:30.400 --> 00:19:33.230
years well here's one we didn't expect a


00:19:33.240 --> 00:19:35.310
new studies found that almost all


00:19:35.320 --> 00:19:37.310
artificial intelligence chatbots are


00:19:37.320 --> 00:19:39.310
showing symptoms of mild cognitive


00:19:39.320 --> 00:19:42.270
impairment similar to early dementia the


00:19:42.280 --> 00:19:44.029
findings reported in the British medical


00:19:44.039 --> 00:19:45.789
journal looked at the mental abilities


00:19:45.799 --> 00:19:49.630
of chat GPT versions 4 and 4.0 Claude


00:19:49.640 --> 00:19:53.789
3.5 Sonet and Gemini versions 1 and 1.5


00:19:53.799 --> 00:19:55.789
using the Montreal cognitive assessment


00:19:55.799 --> 00:19:57.950
test often used to detect early signs of


00:19:57.960 --> 00:20:01.110
dementia in humans scoring was evaluated


00:20:01.120 --> 00:20:03.270
by a neurologist with 26 out of a


00:20:03.280 --> 00:20:05.310
possible 30 points generally considered


00:20:05.320 --> 00:20:09.549
normal chat GPT 4.0 achieved the highest


00:20:09.559 --> 00:20:11.909
score with 26 out of 30 that was


00:20:11.919 --> 00:20:15.270
followed by chat GPT 4 and Claude 25 out


00:20:15.280 --> 00:20:18.750
of 30 and Gemini 1.0 scoring the lowest


00:20:18.760 --> 00:20:21.870
at 16 out of 30 the Bots all performed


00:20:21.880 --> 00:20:24.870
worst on Visual and empathy tests now


00:20:24.880 --> 00:20:26.630
while this study is observational the


00:20:26.640 --> 00:20:28.070
authors say the findings highlight


00:20:28.080 --> 00:20:29.710
essential differences between human


00:20:29.720 --> 00:20:32.190
brains and large language models adding


00:20:32.200 --> 00:20:34.510
that rather than AI replacing doctors


00:20:34.520 --> 00:20:37.110
doctors might one day have new virtual


00:20:37.120 --> 00:20:38.470
patients to


00:20:38.480 --> 00:20:40.830
treat there are growing warnings about


00:20:40.840 --> 00:20:43.310
failures with Apple's AI summarization


00:20:43.320 --> 00:20:46.430
feature and chat GTP has just been made


00:20:46.440 --> 00:20:48.990
free for all with the details we're


00:20:49.000 --> 00:20:50.950
joined by technology editor Alex saharov


00:20:50.960 --> 00:20:54.590
Roy from Tech advice. life the AI


00:20:54.600 --> 00:20:57.590
summarization feature that we see in


00:20:57.600 --> 00:21:00.110
Apple's notific summaries now I've


00:21:00.120 --> 00:21:01.870
noticed that sometimes it seems to give


00:21:01.880 --> 00:21:04.230
an incorrect summary like it's clearly


00:21:04.240 --> 00:21:05.990
you have to open up the notification to


00:21:06.000 --> 00:21:07.549
see what it's talking about but when you


00:21:07.559 --> 00:21:09.630
see the notification summary telling you


00:21:09.640 --> 00:21:11.590
that somebody shot themselves well you'd


00:21:11.600 --> 00:21:14.110
want to hope that the uh summarization


00:21:14.120 --> 00:21:16.230
done by AI was correct in this case


00:21:16.240 --> 00:21:18.630
Luigi mangion the young man who


00:21:18.640 --> 00:21:21.110
allegedly shot the United healthc Care


00:21:21.120 --> 00:21:23.390
CEO in the back in New York before he


00:21:23.400 --> 00:21:25.870
was caught the notification summary said


00:21:25.880 --> 00:21:27.470
that he had shut himself and this was


00:21:27.480 --> 00:21:30.070
underneath a summarizer of BBC news


00:21:30.080 --> 00:21:31.909
headlines now the BBC complained I mean


00:21:31.919 --> 00:21:33.190
two of the headlines were summarized


00:21:33.200 --> 00:21:35.630
correctly but of course the allegation


00:21:35.640 --> 00:21:37.630
that this young man had shut himself is


00:21:37.640 --> 00:21:40.070
uh pretty serious and if you didn't


00:21:40.080 --> 00:21:41.590
bother to look at the notification you


00:21:41.600 --> 00:21:43.549
would just have taken that at face value


00:21:43.559 --> 00:21:45.230
and thought it was real I can assure you


00:21:45.240 --> 00:21:47.950
I take nothing the BBC says as being


00:21:47.960 --> 00:21:49.269
real they have some of the worst


00:21:49.279 --> 00:21:51.149
journalism in the world cuz they think


00:21:51.159 --> 00:21:53.190
they're the bees knes so you know as


00:21:53.200 --> 00:21:54.909
with everything in life I mean


00:21:54.919 --> 00:21:56.950
originally these hallucinations as


00:21:56.960 --> 00:21:58.950
they're called when a gets completely


00:21:58.960 --> 00:22:01.149
wrong they were called hallucination and


00:22:01.159 --> 00:22:02.830
we had to get a notification at the


00:22:02.840 --> 00:22:04.510
bottom of the page where you went to


00:22:04.520 --> 00:22:06.630
search for things that hey the AI could


00:22:06.640 --> 00:22:08.350
get it wrong please double check and


00:22:08.360 --> 00:22:11.070
verify and uh this is proving to be the


00:22:11.080 --> 00:22:12.269
case I mean you shouldn't take these


00:22:12.279 --> 00:22:13.909
things at face value I mean journalists


00:22:13.919 --> 00:22:15.549
and lawyers and countless school


00:22:15.559 --> 00:22:17.310
children and even people at work you


00:22:17.320 --> 00:22:19.149
know using AI have been caught out by


00:22:19.159 --> 00:22:21.230
the fact that they took what AI said at


00:22:21.240 --> 00:22:22.990
face value and didn't check so got a


00:22:23.000 --> 00:22:24.110
double check there were plenty of


00:22:24.120 --> 00:22:25.350
articles that were saying that even


00:22:25.360 --> 00:22:27.230
Abraham Lincoln was warning not to


00:22:27.240 --> 00:22:28.590
believe anything on the internet which


00:22:28.600 --> 00:22:29.990
was a clear reference to the fact that


00:22:30.000 --> 00:22:32.149
Abraham Lincoln was not alive during the


00:22:32.159 --> 00:22:33.789
time the internet was around I heard


00:22:33.799 --> 00:22:35.430
that about Albert Einstein saying the


00:22:35.440 --> 00:22:37.390
same thing well there you go there you


00:22:37.400 --> 00:22:39.110
go so don't take everything at face


00:22:39.120 --> 00:22:41.470
value judge for yourself be wise about


00:22:41.480 --> 00:22:42.830
it don't just believe it because


00:22:42.840 --> 00:22:45.110
Wikipedia said it and remember the AI is


00:22:45.120 --> 00:22:47.269
only as good as the goofballs to program


00:22:47.279 --> 00:22:50.269
it okay chat GPT has made it search


00:22:50.279 --> 00:22:52.750
engines free for all they have indeed


00:22:52.760 --> 00:22:55.430
now if you go to chat gp.com you can now


00:22:55.440 --> 00:22:57.190
use the search engine which will give


00:22:57.200 --> 00:22:59.909
you links to act ual results and this is


00:22:59.919 --> 00:23:01.510
something that was originally only for


00:23:01.520 --> 00:23:04.110
those who were paid members of chat gbt


00:23:04.120 --> 00:23:05.470
but it's now available to anybody that


00:23:05.480 --> 00:23:07.149
has an account and account is free so


00:23:07.159 --> 00:23:08.710
you can't use it anonymously you still


00:23:08.720 --> 00:23:10.230
have to be signed in but you don't have


00:23:10.240 --> 00:23:11.950
to pay for that and there's been some


00:23:11.960 --> 00:23:13.390
other news this week where if you're in


00:23:13.400 --> 00:23:16.510
the US you can actually Dial 1800 chat


00:23:16.520 --> 00:23:18.630
GPT so you don't even need a computer


00:23:18.640 --> 00:23:19.870
yeah well if you are somebody that


00:23:19.880 --> 00:23:21.630
doesn't use computers doesn't use a


00:23:21.640 --> 00:23:23.310
smartphone you can pick up the phone and


00:23:23.320 --> 00:23:25.029
you can talk to chat gbt now I've heard


00:23:25.039 --> 00:23:26.549
recordings of this and it's in you know


00:23:26.559 --> 00:23:28.269
melodious chat gbt voice of which you


00:23:28.279 --> 00:23:29.870
can us several not sure if you get a


00:23:29.880 --> 00:23:31.430
choice when you ring on the phone but if


00:23:31.440 --> 00:23:33.909
you've ever used the spoken capability


00:23:33.919 --> 00:23:35.390
with the chat GPT app where you can just


00:23:35.400 --> 00:23:37.149
have this natural flowing conversation


00:23:37.159 --> 00:23:38.789
well you just happy to doing it through


00:23:38.799 --> 00:23:40.269
a telephone and look if you didn't know


00:23:40.279 --> 00:23:41.430
any better you would probably think it


00:23:41.440 --> 00:23:43.070
was a person that you were speaking to


00:23:43.080 --> 00:23:45.510
now this I tried this in Australia it


00:23:45.520 --> 00:23:47.029
just comes up with this number is not


00:23:47.039 --> 00:23:50.470
connected you can send a chat message


00:23:50.480 --> 00:23:56.190
via WhatsApp to800 2428 478 1800 CH gbt


00:23:56.200 --> 00:23:58.430
and you'll get up to 15 minutes of free


00:23:58.440 --> 00:24:00.710
free back and forth text chatting why


00:24:00.720 --> 00:24:02.110
precisely you would do that when you can


00:24:02.120 --> 00:24:04.070
just download the chat gbt app and have


00:24:04.080 --> 00:24:06.149
endless conversations I'm not sure but


00:24:06.159 --> 00:24:09.590
the video that chat gbt had about this


00:24:09.600 --> 00:24:11.390
said that they would allow to sign in


00:24:11.400 --> 00:24:13.110
and have longer conversations and look


00:24:13.120 --> 00:24:14.430
some people are just more used to


00:24:14.440 --> 00:24:16.110
chatting via WhatsApp than they are


00:24:16.120 --> 00:24:17.950
using some other app that's technology


00:24:17.960 --> 00:24:20.310
editor Alex Sahara Roy from Tech advice


00:24:20.320 --> 00:24:23.450
start live


00:24:23.460 --> 00:24:36.710
[Music]


00:24:36.720 --> 00:24:39.590
and that's the show for now SpaceTime is


00:24:39.600 --> 00:24:41.430
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with Stewart gar.com


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Stewart gary. for full details you've


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Gary this has been another quality


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