Moon’s Hidden Geology, Venus’ DaVinci Mission, and Titan’s Atmospheric Secrets: S28E16

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Language: en

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this is spacetime series 28 episode 16


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for broadcast on the 5th of February


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2025 coming up on SpaceTime the moon not


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As geologically Dead As previously


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thought a new mission to unlock the


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secrets of the planet Venus and how the


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saty moon Titan maintains its atmosphere


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all that and more coming up on


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SpaceTime welcome to SpaceTime with


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Stuart Gary


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[Music]


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a new study has discovered that the


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Earth's Moon may not be as geologically


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dead as previously thought the findings


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are reported in the planetary science


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journal are based on observations of


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small ridges on the lunar Far Side


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scientists have studied the moon's


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surface for decades in order to help


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piece together its comp Le Lex


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geological and evolutionary history now


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evidence from Luna Maria there the dark


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flat areas of the Moon filled with


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solidified lava suggest that the moon


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must have experienced significant


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compression in its distant past


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researchers suspect that large arcing


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ridges on the moon's near side were


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formed by contractions that occurred


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billions of years ago as the moon cooled


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down and shrank and they concluded that


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the moon's maras remained dormant ever


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since however a new study reveals that


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What Lies Beneath the lunar surface may


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be more Dynamic than previously thought


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the authors discovered that small ridges


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located on the moon's Far Side are


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notably younger than those previously


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studed ridges on the near side one of


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the studies's authors jacqulyn Clark


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from the University of Maryland says


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many scientists believe that most of the


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moon's geological movements probably


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happened 2 and a half to maybe 3 billion


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years ago but Clark and colleagues are


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seeing that these tectonic landforms


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have been recently active around the


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last billion years or so and may still


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be active today the authors say these


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small maray ridges seem to have formed


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within the last 200 million years or so


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which is relatively recent considering


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the moon's time scale using Advanced


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mapping and modeling techniques the


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authors found 268 previously unknown


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smaller ridges on the Luna Far Side The


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Ridges typically appeared in groups of


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10 to 40 in volcanic regions that likely


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formed between 3.2 to 3.6 billion years


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ago in narrow areas where there may be


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underlying weaknesses in the moon's


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crust now to estimate the age of these


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small ridges the authors used a


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technique called crater counting and


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they found The Ridges were notably


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younger than other features in their


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surroundings crater counting is pretty


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simple essentially the more craters a


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surface has the older that surface is


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likely to be that's because the surfaces


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had more time to accumulate more craters


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after cutting the craters around these


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small ridges and seeing that some of the


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ridges actually cut through existing


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impact craters the authors believe that


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these land forms were tectonically


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active in the last 160 million years


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interestingly Mark noted that The Far


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Side ridges were similar in structure to


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the ones on the near side and that


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suggests that both were created by the


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same forces likely a combination of the


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moon's gradual shrinking and shifts in


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lunar orbit the Apollo missions of the


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late 60s and early' 70s detected a


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series of small shallow moonquakes and


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the new finding suggest that these small


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ridges might be related to similar


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seismic activity learning more about the


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evolution of the lunar surface could


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have important implications for the


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logistics of future Moon missions


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Clark hopes that future missions to the


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moon will include tools like ground


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penetrating radar so researchers can


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better understand the structures beneath


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the lunar surface and knowing where the


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Moon is still geologically Dynamic has


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very real implications for where NASA


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plans to put its astronauts equipment


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and infrastructure when it finally


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returns to stay on the lunar surface


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this is spacetime still to come a new


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mission to unlock the secrets of the


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planet Venus and how the saturnian moon


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Titan maintains its thick atmosphere all


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that and more still to come on


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[Music]


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SpaceTime there's been a lot of talk in


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the scientific media including here on


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SpaceTime about NASA's new mission to


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study the planet Venus it's called Da


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Vinci that stands for deep atmosphere


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Venus investigation of noble gases


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chemistry and imaging Mission which is


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slated to launch in the early 2030s the


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Vinci will explore Venus with both an


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orbital spacecraft and a Ascent module


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NASA says Da Vinci embodies the spirit


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of innovation and exploration that its


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namesake theed dichi was famous for


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it'll be the first probe of the 21st


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century to Brave Venus's atmosphere as


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it descends from above the planet's


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Cloud tops down to its heat soaked


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surface to other missions NASA's Veritas


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and the European space agency's Envision


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Mission will also explore Venus in the


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2030s but they'll both be doing that


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from orbit the D Vinci spacecraft will


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study Venus's clouds and Highlands


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during two flybys it'll also release a


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spherical meter wide probe that'll


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plunge through the planet's thick


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atmosphere in corrosive clouds taking


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measurements and capturing high


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resolution images of the venian surface


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as it slowly descends the D Vinci


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Mission will be the first to closely


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explore Alpha iio a region known as a


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Tessa so far only found on Venus where


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they make up about 8% of the planet


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surface Tess are Highland regions


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similar in appearance to rugged mountain


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tabletops on Earth geologists believe


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they may be exposed cratons ancient


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structures that have extended up through


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the mantle and Crist previous missions


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discover these tessay features using


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radar instruments but of the many


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spacecraft that Dove through Venus's


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atmosphere between 1966 and 1985 none


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studied or photograph gra these Tess


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thought to be ancient continents Tess


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like alphar Rio may be among the oldest


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surfaces on the planet offering


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scientists access to rocks that are


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billions of years old by studying these


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rocks a Vinci scientists May learn


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whether Venus ever had continents and


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oceans and how water may have influenced


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the surface as well as being Earth's


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nearest planetary neighbor Venus is


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considered to be Earth's sister Planet


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they're both almost the same size with a


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similar mass and diameter both were


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formed under similar condition ions out


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of the same materials and in the same


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part of the solar system in fact Venice


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once excited speculation that it could


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host the first human colony in space see


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back in the 50s and 60s scientists


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thought the dense cloud cover meant lots


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of rain after all it's closer to the Sun


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than the Earth is so temperatures would


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be hotter and more humid that would mean


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more water evaporation and more


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rainclouds so scientists of the day en


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Vis that under its thick cloud cover


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Earth's sister planet was covered in a


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lush green tropical rainforest Amazon


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jungle on steroids and more rain


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probably meant a higher oxygen content


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too and so some scientists even began


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speculating that the tropical


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rainforests of Venus somehow meant lots


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of


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dinosaurs of course we now know that if


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Venus is Earth sister Planet then it's a


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twisted sister with a massive runaway


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greenhouse effect in fact Soviet and


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American probes have revealed Venus to


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be the nearest thing to hell in our


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solar system its surface is scorchingly


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hot with average temperatures of 4 62° C


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that's hot enough to melt lead and those


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thick opaque Planet shrouding clouds


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well they do cause rain but the rain


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isn't water instead it's droplets of


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metal eating sulfuric acid now


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scientists have seen what looks like


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snow caps on some of venice's taller


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mountain ranges but the snow isn't


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frozen water it's actually metallic


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Venus's clouds are so heavy they crush


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the planet's Rich carbon dioxide based


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atmosphere acting like a sort of lid on


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a pressure cooker and giving the planet


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a surface pressure 92 times greater than


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the average sea level surface pressure


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on Earth the surface is dominated by


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over, 1600 volcanic structures more than


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any other planet in the solar system its


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surface is 90% bass Sal and consist of a


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mosaic of volcanic lava planes showing


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evidence of regular periodic resurfacing


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by floods of magma now this indicates


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that volcanism played and maybe still is


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playing a major role in shaping the


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planet's surface even Venus's orbital


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characteristics are strange it circles


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the Sun every 224.000 Earth days but it


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rotates in retrograde compared to most


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other planets in the solar system in


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other words the sun rises in the west


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and sets in the East and the rotation


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rate is incredibly slow a day on Venus


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lasts 243 Earth days in other words a


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venesian day actually lasts longer than


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its year this report from NASA TV Venus


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a planet with an ocean of air unexplored


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in the ways we look at the worlds around


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us and Beyond we're going back to that


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ocean of air at our sister world with a


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mission inspired by Leonardo called Da


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Vinci to explore from the cloud deck to


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the surface over a region of mountains


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that could hold Clues to how the early


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history of Worlds like Venus and Earth


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worked but by reading the chemical


00:09:17.760 --> 00:09:21.150
fossils in the atmosphere the Dynamics


00:09:21.160 --> 00:09:23.750
and the other forensic Clues to how an


00:09:23.760 --> 00:09:27.030
entire world with this ocean of air


00:09:27.040 --> 00:09:29.750
Works will learn about not only our own


00:09:29.760 --> 00:09:31.710
solar system and the history of Venus


00:09:31.720 --> 00:09:33.310
and whether it was habitable at one


00:09:33.320 --> 00:09:36.069
point but also push that record forward


00:09:36.079 --> 00:09:39.030
to explore exoplanets that are like


00:09:39.040 --> 00:09:41.350
Venus which we suspect are abundant


00:09:41.360 --> 00:09:43.389
around favorable


00:09:43.399 --> 00:09:46.310
Stars Da Vinci will be the Gateway that


00:09:46.320 --> 00:09:49.310
opens that door so we can explore better


00:09:49.320 --> 00:09:52.230
here and apply that forward Beyond as we


00:09:52.240 --> 00:09:55.389
go into eras of gigantic observatories


00:09:55.399 --> 00:09:57.110
Beyond James web like the habitable


00:09:57.120 --> 00:10:00.069
world's Observatory


00:10:00.079 --> 00:10:03.030
Venus is waiting and we can't wait to


00:10:03.040 --> 00:10:06.430
get back there this is spacetime still


00:10:06.440 --> 00:10:08.710
to come a new mission to study how the


00:10:08.720 --> 00:10:10.630
saturnian moon Titan maintains its


00:10:10.640 --> 00:10:12.389
atmosphere and later in the science


00:10:12.399 --> 00:10:15.230
report new research shows dant volcanoes


00:10:15.240 --> 00:10:17.949
can still retain massive magma Chambers


00:10:17.959 --> 00:10:19.870
all that and more still to come on


00:10:19.880 --> 00:10:36.269
SpaceTime


00:10:36.279 --> 00:10:38.389
a new study suggest that the saturnian


00:10:38.399 --> 00:10:40.949
moon Titan maintains its unique nitrogen


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Rich atmosphere through High Press


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chemical reactions deep below the


00:10:44.440 --> 00:10:46.629
surface the findings reported in the


00:10:46.639 --> 00:10:49.829
journal geoa at cosmoem actor based on


00:10:49.839 --> 00:10:51.710
laboratory experiments which produce


00:10:51.720 --> 00:10:53.269
gases similar to those found on the


00:10:53.279 --> 00:10:55.829
saturnian moon Titan is the second


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largest moon in our solar system after


00:10:57.680 --> 00:10:59.670
gany and it's the only one one that has


00:10:59.680 --> 00:11:02.030
a significant atmosphere it's also the


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only World in our solar system other


00:11:03.720 --> 00:11:05.509
than Earth where clouds rain down


00:11:05.519 --> 00:11:07.310
liquids onto the surface on a regular


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basis forming streams and rivers which


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eventually flow into lakes and seas but


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instead of Earth's liquid water on


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tighten the weather's so cold the rain


00:11:17.000 --> 00:11:19.829
is liquid methane and ethane now there


00:11:19.839 --> 00:11:21.829
is water untightened but it's frozen


00:11:21.839 --> 00:11:23.910
solid so hard that it forms much of the


00:11:23.920 --> 00:11:26.389
moon's Bedrock the study's lead author


00:11:26.399 --> 00:11:28.269
Kelly Miller from the southwest Research


00:11:28.279 --> 00:11:30.829
Institute in San ant Texas says while


00:11:30.839 --> 00:11:33.350
just 40% the diameter of the earth Titan


00:11:33.360 --> 00:11:35.230
is an atmosphere 1 and a half times as


00:11:35.240 --> 00:11:36.990
dense as the Earth even with its lower


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gravity Miller says walking on the


00:11:39.200 --> 00:11:40.949
surface of Titan would actually feel a


00:11:40.959 --> 00:11:44.030
lot like scuba diving the origin age and


00:11:44.040 --> 00:11:46.030
evolution of Titan's atmosphere which is


00:11:46.040 --> 00:11:49.269
roughly 95% nitrogen and 5% methane has


00:11:49.279 --> 00:11:50.910
puzzled scientist ever since it was


00:11:50.920 --> 00:11:52.430
first discovered in


00:11:52.440 --> 00:11:55.110
1944 Miller says the presence of methane


00:11:55.120 --> 00:11:57.069
is critical to the existence of Titan's


00:11:57.079 --> 00:11:59.509
atmosphere see methane is removed moved


00:11:59.519 --> 00:12:01.430
by reactions caused by sunlight and it


00:12:01.440 --> 00:12:02.990
would disappear in about 30 million


00:12:03.000 --> 00:12:04.710
years after which what's left of the


00:12:04.720 --> 00:12:06.350
atmosphere would simply freeze onto the


00:12:06.360 --> 00:12:08.790
surface now because of methane's short


00:12:08.800 --> 00:12:10.710
geological lifespan scientists think


00:12:10.720 --> 00:12:12.590
some sort of internal process must be


00:12:12.600 --> 00:12:15.030
replenishing the methane Miller who was


00:12:15.040 --> 00:12:17.150
also the lead author of a 2019 paper


00:12:17.160 --> 00:12:18.750
published in the astrophysical journal


00:12:18.760 --> 00:12:20.550
has proposed a theoretical model to show


00:12:20.560 --> 00:12:22.550
how the moon's atmosphere has developed


00:12:22.560 --> 00:12:25.150
and is being replenished over the years


00:12:25.160 --> 00:12:27.230
the paper hypothesizes that large


00:12:27.240 --> 00:12:28.829
amounts of Highly complex organic


00:12:28.839 --> 00:12:30.509
material materals are heated up in


00:12:30.519 --> 00:12:33.150
Titan's Rocky interior and that releases


00:12:33.160 --> 00:12:35.189
nitrogen as well as carbon gases like


00:12:35.199 --> 00:12:37.629
methane these gases then sep out onto


00:12:37.639 --> 00:12:39.550
the surface forming a thick atmosphere


00:12:39.560 --> 00:12:41.750
around the moon now this theory is


00:12:41.760 --> 00:12:43.829
corroborated by recent experiments that


00:12:43.839 --> 00:12:45.389
heated organic materials the


00:12:45.399 --> 00:12:48.710
temperatures of around 250 to 500° C at


00:12:48.720 --> 00:12:50.990
pressures of up to 10 kilobars in order


00:12:51.000 --> 00:12:53.189
to simulate the interior conditions of


00:12:53.199 --> 00:12:55.829
Titan and the experiments produce carbon


00:12:55.839 --> 00:12:57.949
gases like carbon dioxide and methane in


00:12:57.959 --> 00:13:00.310
sufficient quantities Supply Titan's


00:13:00.320 --> 00:13:02.509
atmospheric Reservoir the paper is


00:13:02.519 --> 00:13:04.750
largely based on NASA's Cassini hyan


00:13:04.760 --> 00:13:07.310
spacecraft which launched in 1977 and


00:13:07.320 --> 00:13:09.069
explored the saturnian system between


00:13:09.079 --> 00:13:12.269
2014 and 2017 during that mission


00:13:12.279 --> 00:13:14.470
Cassini deployed the hyan Lander which


00:13:14.480 --> 00:13:16.470
descended through the atmosphere landing


00:13:16.480 --> 00:13:19.790
on Titan's surface images show a surface


00:13:19.800 --> 00:13:22.629
which felt like wet sand NASA plans to


00:13:22.639 --> 00:13:24.230
launch another mission to the saturnian


00:13:24.240 --> 00:13:26.590
system in 2028 with a spacecraft


00:13:26.600 --> 00:13:29.310
helicopter drone named dragonfly the


00:13:29.320 --> 00:13:31.470
dragonfly quadcopter will be designed to


00:13:31.480 --> 00:13:33.670
explore Titan up close and investigate


00:13:33.680 --> 00:13:35.550
whether environments at Titan could have


00:13:35.560 --> 00:13:38.790
ever been condusive for life this report


00:13:38.800 --> 00:13:41.750
from Nessa TV our next New Frontiers


00:13:41.760 --> 00:13:45.069
Mission dragonfly will explore Saturn's


00:13:45.079 --> 00:13:47.949
largest moon Titan dragonfly will be the


00:13:47.959 --> 00:13:50.189
first drone Lander with the capability


00:13:50.199 --> 00:13:53.030
to fly over a 100 miles through Titan's


00:13:53.040 --> 00:13:55.790
thick atmosphere Titan is unlike any


00:13:55.800 --> 00:13:57.790
other place in our solar system and the


00:13:57.800 --> 00:14:00.350
most comparable to early Earth the


00:14:00.360 --> 00:14:02.030
instruments on board will help us


00:14:02.040 --> 00:14:04.550
investigate organic chemistry and search


00:14:04.560 --> 00:14:07.670
for chemical signatures of past or even


00:14:07.680 --> 00:14:08.910
present


00:14:08.920 --> 00:14:12.550
life so we have on tightened opportunity


00:14:12.560 --> 00:14:14.829
to observe the processes um that were


00:14:14.839 --> 00:14:16.870
present on early Earth when life began


00:14:16.880 --> 00:14:19.269
to form and possibly even conditions


00:14:19.279 --> 00:14:22.189
that may be able to Harbor life today


00:14:22.199 --> 00:14:24.590
one of the things that is particularly


00:14:24.600 --> 00:14:26.509
exciting about this mission is that we


00:14:26.519 --> 00:14:29.509
can do the very detailed chemical measur


00:14:29.519 --> 00:14:31.389
but be able to put them in the context


00:14:31.399 --> 00:14:34.560
of Titan as a system this is


00:14:34.570 --> 00:14:49.389
[Music]


00:14:49.399 --> 00:14:51.509
spacetime and time that to take another


00:14:51.519 --> 00:14:52.790
brief look at some of the other stories


00:14:52.800 --> 00:14:54.629
making news and science this week with a


00:14:54.639 --> 00:14:57.550
science report a new study warns that


00:14:57.560 --> 00:14:59.030
temperature related deaths in Europe


00:14:59.040 --> 00:15:01.030
European cities could increase by up to


00:15:01.040 --> 00:15:04.069
50% resulting in some 2.3 million


00:15:04.079 --> 00:15:05.829
additional deaths by the end of the


00:15:05.839 --> 00:15:08.069
century the findings reported in the


00:15:08.079 --> 00:15:10.150
journal Nature medicine based on climate


00:15:10.160 --> 00:15:13.269
simulations using data on 854 urban


00:15:13.279 --> 00:15:16.509
areas across 30 European countries these


00:15:16.519 --> 00:15:18.430
were used to estimate deaths from very


00:15:18.440 --> 00:15:20.350
cold and very hot temperatures with


00:15:20.360 --> 00:15:21.910
increased deaths from extreme heat


00:15:21.920 --> 00:15:23.990
outpacing increased deaths from extreme


00:15:24.000 --> 00:15:26.590
cold the authors claim strong climate


00:15:26.600 --> 00:15:28.550
change mitigation measures could reduce


00:15:28.560 --> 00:15:30.110
the number of additional deaths to just


00:15:30.120 --> 00:15:31.949
over a quarter of a million people by


00:15:31.959 --> 00:15:33.910
the year


00:15:33.920 --> 00:15:36.150
2100 scientists have discovered that


00:15:36.160 --> 00:15:37.910
contrary to popular belief dormant


00:15:37.920 --> 00:15:39.870
volcanoes sleeping for hundreds of


00:15:39.880 --> 00:15:42.069
thousands of years can still retain


00:15:42.079 --> 00:15:44.670
massive magma Chambers the findings


00:15:44.680 --> 00:15:45.949
reported in the journal Nature


00:15:45.959 --> 00:15:48.430
geoscience found large magma Chambers


00:15:48.440 --> 00:15:50.509
lurking beneath six volcanoes thought to


00:15:50.519 --> 00:15:52.350
be dormant in the Pacific Northwest


00:15:52.360 --> 00:15:54.910
Cascades range the new discovery


00:15:54.920 --> 00:15:57.110
challenges existing ideas of exactly


00:15:57.120 --> 00:15:59.350
what separates an active volcano from a


00:15:59.360 --> 00:16:02.030
dormant one the authors use seismometers


00:16:02.040 --> 00:16:04.110
to identify persistent and large magma


00:16:04.120 --> 00:16:05.870
Chambers in all six of the dormant


00:16:05.880 --> 00:16:08.189
volcanoes they studied the results


00:16:08.199 --> 00:16:10.389
suggest that eruptions Do Not always


00:16:10.399 --> 00:16:13.470
completely drain a magma chamber instead


00:16:13.480 --> 00:16:15.430
it will release some of the excess


00:16:15.440 --> 00:16:17.230
volume and pressure and the magma


00:16:17.240 --> 00:16:19.550
chamber can then slowly be expanded and


00:16:19.560 --> 00:16:21.629
refilled over time as the crust


00:16:21.639 --> 00:16:23.309
gradually


00:16:23.319 --> 00:16:25.590
melts Chinese scientists have


00:16:25.600 --> 00:16:27.389
successfully used embryonic stem cell


00:16:27.399 --> 00:16:29.749
engineering to create a by paternal


00:16:29.759 --> 00:16:32.110
mouse that is a mouse with two dads


00:16:32.120 --> 00:16:33.629
which was able to survive until


00:16:33.639 --> 00:16:35.910
adulthood a report of the journal cell


00:16:35.920 --> 00:16:37.629
stem cell claims the authors had


00:16:37.639 --> 00:16:39.629
attempted to create bip paternal mice


00:16:39.639 --> 00:16:41.509
before but the embryos all stopped


00:16:41.519 --> 00:16:43.990
growing in this new study they focused


00:16:44.000 --> 00:16:46.069
on imprinting genes which regulate gene


00:16:46.079 --> 00:16:47.590
activity and were thought to be a


00:16:47.600 --> 00:16:49.670
fundamental barrier to creating a mouse


00:16:49.680 --> 00:16:52.150
with two parents of the same sex the


00:16:52.160 --> 00:16:55.110
authors modified 20 key imprinting genes


00:16:55.120 --> 00:16:56.910
finding that not only did this allow the


00:16:56.920 --> 00:16:59.030
creation of bip paternal animals that


00:16:59.040 --> 00:17:00.710
sometimes lived to adulthood but it also


00:17:00.720 --> 00:17:03.350
led to more stable stem cells however


00:17:03.360 --> 00:17:05.110
only around one in8 of the viable


00:17:05.120 --> 00:17:07.669
embryos developed until birth and not


00:17:07.679 --> 00:17:09.710
all the pups that were born lived to


00:17:09.720 --> 00:17:12.309
adulthood due to developmental defects


00:17:12.319 --> 00:17:14.549
also those that did live to adulthood


00:17:14.559 --> 00:17:16.029
had altered growth and shortened


00:17:16.039 --> 00:17:18.630
lifespans and were


00:17:18.640 --> 00:17:21.390
sterile Chinese company deep sick has


00:17:21.400 --> 00:17:23.549
developed a new AI chatbot which he


00:17:23.559 --> 00:17:25.390
claims Rivals chat


00:17:25.400 --> 00:17:27.909
GPT the new technology was reportedly


00:17:27.919 --> 00:17:29.789
developed using fuel and less Advanced


00:17:29.799 --> 00:17:32.470
chips than its American Rivals it's Now


00:17:32.480 --> 00:17:33.789
quickly become the world's most


00:17:33.799 --> 00:17:35.909
downloaded app causing technology stocks


00:17:35.919 --> 00:17:39.070
to crash globally however deep seik


00:17:39.080 --> 00:17:41.390
isn't really that good it's heavily


00:17:41.400 --> 00:17:42.990
censored by the Chinese communist


00:17:43.000 --> 00:17:45.190
government and refuses to discuss topics


00:17:45.200 --> 00:17:47.230
which are sensitive to Beijing including


00:17:47.240 --> 00:17:48.909
the weager people's enslavement in


00:17:48.919 --> 00:17:50.830
so-called re-education camps the


00:17:50.840 --> 00:17:52.590
slaughter of felong gong members for


00:17:52.600 --> 00:17:55.830
forc organ donations and the Bloody 1989


00:17:55.840 --> 00:17:58.470
tanaman Square massacre there are also


00:17:58.480 --> 00:18:00.510
major your security concerns with deep


00:18:00.520 --> 00:18:03.350
seek all your personal data contacts


00:18:03.360 --> 00:18:05.909
searches internet history including text


00:18:05.919 --> 00:18:08.470
uploaded files feedback chat history


00:18:08.480 --> 00:18:10.789
video and audio inputs are collected


00:18:10.799 --> 00:18:12.789
automatically of course this isn't the


00:18:12.799 --> 00:18:14.590
first time there's been concerns about


00:18:14.600 --> 00:18:17.510
Chinese technology in 2018 the


00:18:17.520 --> 00:18:19.070
Australian government banned Chinese


00:18:19.080 --> 00:18:21.230
telecommunications giant Huawei from its


00:18:21.240 --> 00:18:23.549
National 5G Network citing National


00:18:23.559 --> 00:18:26.029
Security concerns it's also banned the


00:18:26.039 --> 00:18:27.990
use of the Tik Tok app on Department of


00:18:28.000 --> 00:18:29.909
Defense and government cell phones and


00:18:29.919 --> 00:18:33.230
computers see as a Chinese firm deep


00:18:33.240 --> 00:18:35.029
required to follow China's strict


00:18:35.039 --> 00:18:37.669
censorship laws and regulations ensuring


00:18:37.679 --> 00:18:39.909
the new AI conforms to beijing's


00:18:39.919 --> 00:18:42.830
communist values technology editor Alex


00:18:42.840 --> 00:18:45.270
saharov Roy from Tech advice. life has


00:18:45.280 --> 00:18:47.029
tested deep seek and here's what he


00:18:47.039 --> 00:18:49.990
found well deep seek is an AI chatbot in


00:18:50.000 --> 00:18:53.029
the style of chat gbt or co-pilot or


00:18:53.039 --> 00:18:55.590
grock and its breakthrough is that it


00:18:55.600 --> 00:18:58.870
seems to deliver very similar sorts of


00:18:58.880 --> 00:19:01.270
results to what you'd get with chat GPT


00:19:01.280 --> 00:19:03.070
in fact some of the benchmarks show that


00:19:03.080 --> 00:19:06.110
it's more accurate but the creators


00:19:06.120 --> 00:19:08.710
claim to have done this without the


00:19:08.720 --> 00:19:11.270
massive investment in h100


00:19:11.280 --> 00:19:14.350
top-of-the-line Nvidia chips nor the


00:19:14.360 --> 00:19:17.510
billions of dollars if not uh tens or


00:19:17.520 --> 00:19:18.909
even hundreds of billions of dollars of


00:19:18.919 --> 00:19:21.549
investment that has gone into creating


00:19:21.559 --> 00:19:24.190
this algorithm now an interesting thing


00:19:24.200 --> 00:19:26.230
is that when you download the app you


00:19:26.240 --> 00:19:28.710
have this option to tap deep research I


00:19:28.720 --> 00:19:30.870
I think it is R1 and what happens then


00:19:30.880 --> 00:19:34.110
is that you see the AI reasoning with


00:19:34.120 --> 00:19:36.350
itself sort of giving itself a


00:19:36.360 --> 00:19:38.230
instructions on how it's going to


00:19:38.240 --> 00:19:40.350
respond to your question even harking


00:19:40.360 --> 00:19:42.070
back to previous interactions that


00:19:42.080 --> 00:19:44.190
you've had and then it gives you the


00:19:44.200 --> 00:19:45.590
response so we haven't actually been


00:19:45.600 --> 00:19:48.950
able to see AI do that normally AI is a


00:19:48.960 --> 00:19:50.789
black box there is this concept of


00:19:50.799 --> 00:19:53.190
explainable AI which people want so they


00:19:53.200 --> 00:19:55.470
know what the AI is is thinking and why


00:19:55.480 --> 00:19:57.390
it's coming up with those responses and


00:19:57.400 --> 00:19:58.990
and again as I said this is something we


00:19:59.000 --> 00:20:01.190
haven't seen with the other models now


00:20:01.200 --> 00:20:03.390
the claim is that this was done for $6


00:20:03.400 --> 00:20:07.669
million us and the trick is that instead


00:20:07.679 --> 00:20:10.190
of having huge amounts of processors to


00:20:10.200 --> 00:20:12.149
generate and calculate each token this


00:20:12.159 --> 00:20:14.310
new model is able to somehow predict the


00:20:14.320 --> 00:20:16.310
tokens it would need but the criticisms


00:20:16.320 --> 00:20:19.070
are that he has been using chat gpt's


00:20:19.080 --> 00:20:21.310
own results and research to come up with


00:20:21.320 --> 00:20:23.270
its answers that it is getting a lot


00:20:23.280 --> 00:20:26.870
more funding from the Chinese government


00:20:26.880 --> 00:20:29.270
than is being led on and and it is


00:20:29.280 --> 00:20:31.909
actually using h800 chips these are


00:20:31.919 --> 00:20:34.510
Nvidia chips designed to be sold into


00:20:34.520 --> 00:20:36.470
the Chinese market but they have about


00:20:36.480 --> 00:20:39.029
half the chipto chip speed in terms of


00:20:39.039 --> 00:20:40.750
being able to talk to each other so this


00:20:40.760 --> 00:20:42.990
is meant to slow down the Chinese


00:20:43.000 --> 00:20:45.710
advancements there are concerns that the


00:20:45.720 --> 00:20:48.510
app will take your IP address and your


00:20:48.520 --> 00:20:50.710
logs and the the version of the


00:20:50.720 --> 00:20:52.390
operating system and the hardware that


00:20:52.400 --> 00:20:54.830
you have and it will also like Tik Tok


00:20:54.840 --> 00:20:58.110
capture your keystroke rhythms and


00:20:58.120 --> 00:21:00.110
pattern now this is not actually key


00:21:00.120 --> 00:21:01.909
logging where it's getting your exact


00:21:01.919 --> 00:21:03.669
keystrokes that you're typing but for


00:21:03.679 --> 00:21:06.149
security and sort of other nefarious you


00:21:06.159 --> 00:21:08.350
know sounding purposes it is capturing


00:21:08.360 --> 00:21:10.990
this information to verify that it's you


00:21:11.000 --> 00:21:12.630
and the concern is and people have


00:21:12.640 --> 00:21:13.990
claimed that it's capturing your


00:21:14.000 --> 00:21:16.230
passwords and able to take your photos


00:21:16.240 --> 00:21:18.230
and images but I don't see any evidence


00:21:18.240 --> 00:21:20.269
of that I mean other apps are capturing


00:21:20.279 --> 00:21:22.549
this keystroke information as well uh


00:21:22.559 --> 00:21:24.149
there were there was talks at Facebook


00:21:24.159 --> 00:21:25.909
even if you weren't hitting send on a


00:21:25.919 --> 00:21:27.510
post you were making within its app it


00:21:27.520 --> 00:21:29.230
were still capturing that information


00:21:29.240 --> 00:21:30.789
anyway which is worse than what is


00:21:30.799 --> 00:21:33.149
claimed with deep seek but it is true


00:21:33.159 --> 00:21:35.830
that if you insert or input information


00:21:35.840 --> 00:21:37.990
into deep seek for it to do its


00:21:38.000 --> 00:21:39.789
calculations and come up with an answer


00:21:39.799 --> 00:21:41.269
that is information you're giving to the


00:21:41.279 --> 00:21:43.510
system which you can put into a profile


00:21:43.520 --> 00:21:45.430
against your user name that you have to


00:21:45.440 --> 00:21:47.269
sign up with and it is stored on Chinese


00:21:47.279 --> 00:21:49.390
service so look I downloaded it I tried


00:21:49.400 --> 00:21:51.430
it I looked at it it works it's pretty


00:21:51.440 --> 00:21:53.510
cool I've since deleted it because I


00:21:53.520 --> 00:21:55.710
have chat gbt I have grock and I don't


00:21:55.720 --> 00:21:57.350
know whether to trust this particular


00:21:57.360 --> 00:21:59.029
app or not but it is the number one out


00:21:59.039 --> 00:22:00.870
in the US in Australia and other


00:22:00.880 --> 00:22:02.110
countries as well so a lot of people


00:22:02.120 --> 00:22:04.590
have looked at it and if it is true that


00:22:04.600 --> 00:22:06.750
the system can do a better job with


00:22:06.760 --> 00:22:08.549
resources than what the current models


00:22:08.559 --> 00:22:10.549
in the US are able to come up with well


00:22:10.559 --> 00:22:12.510
it's open source so that information can


00:22:12.520 --> 00:22:14.909
be easily consumed with inter chat gbt


00:22:14.919 --> 00:22:16.630
or grock or other systems and they can


00:22:16.640 --> 00:22:18.830
get an incredible boost as well and look


00:22:18.840 --> 00:22:20.830
the final story on whether this is some


00:22:20.840 --> 00:22:22.630
giant spy tool that's yet to be told but


00:22:22.640 --> 00:22:24.549
it's horses for hes you can play with it


00:22:24.559 --> 00:22:25.830
and find out for yourself but you'll get


00:22:25.840 --> 00:22:27.149
the same sort of results you'll get from


00:22:27.159 --> 00:22:29.070
chat gbt or Gro both of which you can


00:22:29.080 --> 00:22:31.110
access for free that's Alex Sahara Roy


00:22:31.120 --> 00:22:35.020
from take advice start


00:22:35.030 --> 00:22:47.390
[Music]


00:22:47.400 --> 00:22:50.470
life and that's the show for now


00:22:50.480 --> 00:22:52.470
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