Milky Way’s Mirror, Martian Snow Illusions, and Parker’s Solar Soiree: S03E242

WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

00:00:00.199 --> 00:00:02.030
welcome to astronomy daily we've got an


00:00:02.040 --> 00:00:03.869
incredible lineup of space discoveries


00:00:03.879 --> 00:00:05.630
and Celestial wonders to share with you


00:00:05.640 --> 00:00:07.990
today from groundbreaking observations


00:00:08.000 --> 00:00:10.110
by the James Webb Space Telescope to


00:00:10.120 --> 00:00:11.589
Festive Celebrations aboard the


00:00:11.599 --> 00:00:14.230
International Space Station this episode


00:00:14.240 --> 00:00:16.630
is packed with fascinating stories from


00:00:16.640 --> 00:00:19.230
across our Cosmic neighborhood we'll


00:00:19.240 --> 00:00:20.990
Journey from the earliest days of our


00:00:21.000 --> 00:00:23.269
universe where we've discovered a


00:00:23.279 --> 00:00:25.189
remarkable Galaxy that looks


00:00:25.199 --> 00:00:27.070
surprisingly like our own Milky Way in


00:00:27.080 --> 00:00:29.349
its youth to The Frigid Landscapes of


00:00:29.359 --> 00:00:31.310
Mars where something that looks like


00:00:31.320 --> 00:00:33.869
snow but isn't has caught our


00:00:33.879 --> 00:00:35.990
attention we'll also check in with our


00:00:36.000 --> 00:00:37.470
astronauts who are spreading holiday


00:00:37.480 --> 00:00:39.869
cheer from orbit witness record-breaking


00:00:39.879 --> 00:00:42.190
achievements as we touch the sun and


00:00:42.200 --> 00:00:44.069
explore massive storms on Jupiter that


00:00:44.079 --> 00:00:46.750
are literally bigger than Earth stay


00:00:46.760 --> 00:00:48.389
with us as we unravel these Cosmic


00:00:48.399 --> 00:00:49.950
Mysteries and celebrate The Wonder of


00:00:49.960 --> 00:00:51.790
space exploration during this festive


00:00:51.800 --> 00:00:54.110
season time to get


00:00:54.120 --> 00:00:56.950
started in an extraordinary breakthrough


00:00:56.960 --> 00:00:58.549
astronomers at Welsley College have


00:00:58.559 --> 00:01:01.310
captured stunning new images of a galaxy


00:01:01.320 --> 00:01:03.270
that appears to be a mirror image of our


00:01:03.280 --> 00:01:06.270
own Milky Way in its infancy using the


00:01:06.280 --> 00:01:08.789
James web Space Telescope they've


00:01:08.799 --> 00:01:10.109
discovered what they're calling the


00:01:10.119 --> 00:01:12.630
Firefly Sparkle a Galaxy that began


00:01:12.640 --> 00:01:15.070
forming just 600 million years after the


00:01:15.080 --> 00:01:17.630
big bang what makes this discovery


00:01:17.640 --> 00:01:19.190
particularly exciting is that we're


00:01:19.200 --> 00:01:21.550
seeing this galaxy at roughly the same


00:01:21.560 --> 00:01:23.230
mass our Milky Way would have had at


00:01:23.240 --> 00:01:27.069
that age the images reveal 10 distinct


00:01:27.079 --> 00:01:29.630
star clusters each formed at different


00:01:29.640 --> 00:01:30.590
times


00:01:30.600 --> 00:01:32.109
creating a structure that closely


00:01:32.119 --> 00:01:33.830
mirrors what we believe our galaxy


00:01:33.840 --> 00:01:35.590
looked like in its early


00:01:35.600 --> 00:01:38.109
stages like fireflies scattered across a


00:01:38.119 --> 00:01:40.069
summer night sky these clusters are


00:01:40.079 --> 00:01:43.310
surrounded by a faint shimmering Arc


00:01:43.320 --> 00:01:44.789
this marks the first time we've been


00:01:44.799 --> 00:01:46.709
able to resolve a galaxy from such an


00:01:46.719 --> 00:01:49.149
early period of the universe into so


00:01:49.159 --> 00:01:51.789
many distinct components it's giving us


00:01:51.799 --> 00:01:53.950
an unprecedented window into our Cosmic


00:01:53.960 --> 00:01:56.469
past showing us exactly how galaxies


00:01:56.479 --> 00:01:58.950
like our own came together the discovery


00:01:58.960 --> 00:02:00.830
is particularly remk remble because most


00:02:00.840 --> 00:02:02.749
galaxies we've observed from this era


00:02:02.759 --> 00:02:04.749
are significantly more


00:02:04.759 --> 00:02:07.429
massive finding one that so closely


00:02:07.439 --> 00:02:09.949
matches our Milky Way's early Mass


00:02:09.959 --> 00:02:11.670
provides astronomers with a unique


00:02:11.680 --> 00:02:13.589
opportunity to study our Galaxy's


00:02:13.599 --> 00:02:16.550
formation in detail it's like finding a


00:02:16.560 --> 00:02:19.509
baby picture of our Cosmic home the


00:02:19.519 --> 00:02:20.990
images show an incredible amount of


00:02:21.000 --> 00:02:22.949
activity within this relatively small


00:02:22.959 --> 00:02:25.150
Galaxy with different phases of star


00:02:25.160 --> 00:02:26.910
formation happening


00:02:26.920 --> 00:02:29.110
simultaneously this Dynamic process of


00:02:29.120 --> 00:02:30.790
Galaxy building is teaching us new


00:02:30.800 --> 00:02:32.470
things about how the first stars and


00:02:32.480 --> 00:02:34.309
star clusters formed in the infant


00:02:34.319 --> 00:02:36.869
universe and how they evolved over time


00:02:36.879 --> 00:02:39.350
to create the cosmic structures we see


00:02:39.360 --> 00:02:41.750
today this discovery isn't just a


00:02:41.760 --> 00:02:44.030
snapshot of a distant Galaxy it's a


00:02:44.040 --> 00:02:46.509
window into our own Cosmic Origins


00:02:46.519 --> 00:02:48.830
showing us exactly how our Galactic home


00:02:48.840 --> 00:02:50.949
may have looked billions of years ago


00:02:50.959 --> 00:02:52.509
it's a reminder that the story of our


00:02:52.519 --> 00:02:54.309
Milky Way is written in the light of


00:02:54.319 --> 00:02:56.670
distant galaxies waiting for us to


00:02:56.680 --> 00:02:57.710
decode


00:02:57.720 --> 00:03:00.270
it looks like it's party time on on the


00:03:00.280 --> 00:03:02.990
ISS the holiday spirit has made its way


00:03:03.000 --> 00:03:05.309
to the International Space Station where


00:03:05.319 --> 00:03:07.509
our astronauts are celebrating Christmas


00:03:07.519 --> 00:03:11.869
in their unique way 260 Mi above Earth


00:03:11.879 --> 00:03:14.030
the crew of expedition 72 has


00:03:14.040 --> 00:03:16.270
transformed their orbital home into a


00:03:16.280 --> 00:03:18.430
festive Wonderland complete with


00:03:18.440 --> 00:03:20.670
floating candy canes and a creative


00:03:20.680 --> 00:03:23.509
snowman crafted from storage bags


00:03:23.519 --> 00:03:25.710
Commander Sunita Williams sporting


00:03:25.720 --> 00:03:28.149
festive reindeer antlers joined her


00:03:28.159 --> 00:03:29.750
fellow crew members to share their


00:03:29.760 --> 00:03:31.949
holiday celebrations the station's


00:03:31.959 --> 00:03:33.589
current residents include NASA


00:03:33.599 --> 00:03:36.309
astronauts Barry Wilmore Don Pettit and


00:03:36.319 --> 00:03:38.550
Nick hag along with their Russian


00:03:38.560 --> 00:03:41.869
colleagues Alexi tinin Ivan Vagner and


00:03:41.879 --> 00:03:44.670
Alexander goranov making for a truly


00:03:44.680 --> 00:03:47.509
International Celebration In Space the


00:03:47.519 --> 00:03:49.309
crew has found innovative ways to bring


00:03:49.319 --> 00:03:51.869
holiday cheer to their orbital Outpost


00:03:51.879 --> 00:03:53.350
they've set up a small artificial


00:03:53.360 --> 00:03:55.309
Christmas tree and decorated it with


00:03:55.319 --> 00:03:56.910
ornaments featuring photos of their


00:03:56.920 --> 00:03:59.270
families back on Earth the ground teams


00:03:59.280 --> 00:04:01.190
have also made sure our Space Explorers


00:04:01.200 --> 00:04:03.270
won't miss out on holiday traditions


00:04:03.280 --> 00:04:05.229
preparing special festive meals for them


00:04:05.239 --> 00:04:08.030
to enjoy while being away from loved


00:04:08.040 --> 00:04:10.350
ones during the holidays isn't easy the


00:04:10.360 --> 00:04:12.670
crew acknowledges they're not alone in


00:04:12.680 --> 00:04:15.390
this sacrifice Mission Control teams


00:04:15.400 --> 00:04:16.990
around the world are also working


00:04:17.000 --> 00:04:19.150
through the season to keep the station


00:04:19.160 --> 00:04:22.469
running smoothly it's a reminder of the


00:04:22.479 --> 00:04:24.990
dedication required to maintain our


00:04:25.000 --> 00:04:27.870
continuous presence in space even during


00:04:27.880 --> 00:04:30.790
the festive season despite the distance


00:04:30.800 --> 00:04:33.310
from Earth the spirit of togetherness


00:04:33.320 --> 00:04:36.230
remains strong aboard the station as


00:04:36.240 --> 00:04:38.550
Commander Williams notes they've created


00:04:38.560 --> 00:04:41.110
their own space family finding joy in


00:04:41.120 --> 00:04:42.950
celebrating together while floating


00:04:42.960 --> 00:04:45.070
Among the Stars it's a unique


00:04:45.080 --> 00:04:47.270
perspective on holiday celebrations


00:04:47.280 --> 00:04:48.830
reminding us that the spirit of the


00:04:48.840 --> 00:04:51.590
Season truly knows no bounds not even


00:04:51.600 --> 00:04:52.990
Earth's


00:04:53.000 --> 00:04:55.110
atmosphere if you're dreaming of a white


00:04:55.120 --> 00:04:57.790
Christmas Mars might have you covered


00:04:57.800 --> 00:05:00.029
though not quite in the way you'd expect


00:05:00.039 --> 00:05:01.749
recent images from the red planet's


00:05:01.759 --> 00:05:04.430
austral scopuli region captured by both


00:05:04.440 --> 00:05:06.590
the European space agency's Mars Express


00:05:06.600 --> 00:05:08.870
Orbiter and NASA's Mars reconnaissance


00:05:08.880 --> 00:05:10.710
Orbiter show what appears to be a


00:05:10.720 --> 00:05:12.550
stunning Winter Wonderland near the


00:05:12.560 --> 00:05:14.830
Martian South Pole but this isn't your


00:05:14.840 --> 00:05:17.270
typical snowy scene what we're seeing is


00:05:17.280 --> 00:05:20.070
actually a 26t thick layer of Frozen


00:05:20.080 --> 00:05:22.909
carbon dioxide dry ice that blankets the


00:05:22.919 --> 00:05:25.749
polar region year round even more


00:05:25.759 --> 00:05:27.469
fascinating is that these images were


00:05:27.479 --> 00:05:30.070
taken during Mars's summer solstice


00:05:30.080 --> 00:05:32.189
highlighting just how perpetually frigid


00:05:32.199 --> 00:05:34.070
these polar regions are with


00:05:34.080 --> 00:05:35.830
temperatures dropping to a bone chilling


00:05:35.840 --> 00:05:39.830
negative 193° Fahrenheit the landscape's


00:05:39.840 --> 00:05:41.510
appearance is even more intriguing when


00:05:41.520 --> 00:05:44.029
you understand what's actually happening


00:05:44.039 --> 00:05:45.670
those darker patches that look like


00:05:45.680 --> 00:05:47.950
exposed ground through snow are actually


00:05:47.960 --> 00:05:49.830
dust layers that have made their way to


00:05:49.840 --> 00:05:52.909
the surface through a remarkable process


00:05:52.919 --> 00:05:54.629
as sunlight warms the Frozen carbon


00:05:54.639 --> 00:05:57.230
dioxide during the Martian summer it


00:05:57.240 --> 00:05:59.790
doesn't melt instead it transforms


00:05:59.800 --> 00:06:02.430
directly from solid to gas in a process


00:06:02.440 --> 00:06:03.189
called


00:06:03.199 --> 00:06:05.510
sublimation this sublimation creates


00:06:05.520 --> 00:06:07.469
pockets of trapped gas beneath the


00:06:07.479 --> 00:06:10.070
surface as pressure builds up these


00:06:10.080 --> 00:06:12.870
Pockets eventually burst shooting plumes


00:06:12.880 --> 00:06:14.790
of dark dust from below the ice into the


00:06:14.800 --> 00:06:17.189
Martian atmosphere when this dust


00:06:17.199 --> 00:06:19.550
settles back down the planet's winds


00:06:19.560 --> 00:06:21.589
sculpt it into the mesmerizing swirling


00:06:21.599 --> 00:06:23.230
patterns we see in these


00:06:23.240 --> 00:06:25.550
images NASA's Mars reconnaissance


00:06:25.560 --> 00:06:28.350
Orbiter has also spotted winter frost


00:06:28.360 --> 00:06:31.150
decorating the sides of mar Dunes this


00:06:31.160 --> 00:06:33.150
Frost actually serves an important


00:06:33.160 --> 00:06:35.550
purpose helping to prevent erosion by


00:06:35.560 --> 00:06:37.350
keeping the dust particles that make up


00:06:37.360 --> 00:06:39.710
these Dunes firmly in place until the


00:06:39.720 --> 00:06:42.150
spring thaw arrives it's a delicate


00:06:42.160 --> 00:06:44.029
dance of seasonal changes that helps


00:06:44.039 --> 00:06:47.070
shape and maintain Mars unique landscape


00:06:47.080 --> 00:06:48.749
what appears at first glance to be a


00:06:48.759 --> 00:06:51.230
Serene winter scene is actually a


00:06:51.240 --> 00:06:53.189
dynamic display of Martian weather


00:06:53.199 --> 00:06:55.629
patterns at work showing us once again


00:06:55.639 --> 00:06:58.350
that Mars though familiar in some ways


00:06:58.360 --> 00:07:00.589
remains wonderfully alien and


00:07:00.599 --> 00:07:02.670
others next let's move on to the


00:07:02.680 --> 00:07:05.110
complete opposite of The Last Story on


00:07:05.120 --> 00:07:07.629
Christmas Eve NASA's Parker solar probe


00:07:07.639 --> 00:07:09.629
made history by venturing closer to the


00:07:09.639 --> 00:07:12.469
Sun than any human-made object ever has


00:07:12.479 --> 00:07:15.070
before the spacecraft swooped to within


00:07:15.080 --> 00:07:17.230
just 3.8 million miles of our star


00:07:17.240 --> 00:07:19.629
surface braving the intense heat of the


00:07:19.639 --> 00:07:21.710
solar Corona during its 202nd close


00:07:21.720 --> 00:07:23.550
approach this wasn't just a


00:07:23.560 --> 00:07:25.270
record-breaking achievement in terms of


00:07:25.280 --> 00:07:27.469
distance during this daring Christmas


00:07:27.479 --> 00:07:30.029
flyby Parker reached mind boggling


00:07:30.039 --> 00:07:33.869
speeds of 430,000 mph that's about 300


00:07:33.879 --> 00:07:35.629
times faster than a fighter jet and a


00:07:35.639 --> 00:07:37.790
new speed record for any human-made


00:07:37.800 --> 00:07:40.550
object this incredible velocity was made


00:07:40.560 --> 00:07:42.510
possible by seven gravity assists from


00:07:42.520 --> 00:07:44.869
Venus with the final boost occurring


00:07:44.879 --> 00:07:47.270
just last month while breaking records


00:07:47.280 --> 00:07:49.589
is impressive Parker's true mission is


00:07:49.599 --> 00:07:51.950
far more important by diving into the


00:07:51.960 --> 00:07:53.550
sun's outer atmosphere where


00:07:53.560 --> 00:07:57.149
temperatures soar to 1, 1800° F the


00:07:57.159 --> 00:07:59.110
probe is gathering crucial data about


00:07:59.120 --> 00:08:01.869
one Our Stars most perplexing Mysteries


00:08:01.879 --> 00:08:04.629
the coronal heating problem you see


00:08:04.639 --> 00:08:06.550
something strange happens in the sun's


00:08:06.560 --> 00:08:08.589
atmosphere according to everything we


00:08:08.599 --> 00:08:10.670
know about stars temperature should


00:08:10.680 --> 00:08:13.510
decrease as you move away from the core


00:08:13.520 --> 00:08:16.869
but the sun's Corona defies this logic


00:08:16.879 --> 00:08:19.189
while the Sun's visible surface sits at


00:08:19.199 --> 00:08:23.309
a toasty 7,400 de F the corona reaches a


00:08:23.319 --> 00:08:25.710
blistering 2 million de it's like


00:08:25.720 --> 00:08:27.350
finding out that your oven gets hotter


00:08:27.360 --> 00:08:29.029
the further away you get from it it


00:08:29.039 --> 00:08:31.110
simply shouldn't work that way the


00:08:31.120 --> 00:08:32.870
Christmas Eve approach was particularly


00:08:32.880 --> 00:08:34.509
nail-biting because NASA had to


00:08:34.519 --> 00:08:36.310
temporarily lose contact with Parker


00:08:36.320 --> 00:08:38.829
during its closest approach we won't


00:08:38.839 --> 00:08:40.350
know for certain that the spacecraft


00:08:40.360 --> 00:08:42.630
survived its holiday Adventure until


00:08:42.640 --> 00:08:44.550
December 27th when it's expected to


00:08:44.560 --> 00:08:47.430
phone home but Parker isn't done yet it


00:08:47.440 --> 00:08:49.190
has two more Close Encounters planned


00:08:49.200 --> 00:08:52.110
for 2025 where it will once again Brave


00:08:52.120 --> 00:08:53.910
the solar furnace in pursuit of


00:08:53.920 --> 00:08:56.150
unlocking the sun's


00:08:56.160 --> 00:08:58.470
Mysteries scientists have received an


00:08:58.480 --> 00:09:00.590
unexpected holiday gift this year a


00:09:00.600 --> 00:09:02.630
potential solution to one of astronomy's


00:09:02.640 --> 00:09:05.870
latest puzzles the mystery of jumbos


00:09:05.880 --> 00:09:07.910
these peculiar objects whose name stands


00:09:07.920 --> 00:09:10.710
for Jupiter Mass binary objects have


00:09:10.720 --> 00:09:12.670
been baffling researchers since their


00:09:12.680 --> 00:09:14.509
Discovery in the Orion Nebula earlier


00:09:14.519 --> 00:09:16.949
this year when the James web Space


00:09:16.959 --> 00:09:19.350
Telescope first spotted 42 pairs of


00:09:19.360 --> 00:09:22.630
these objects astronomers were stumped


00:09:22.640 --> 00:09:24.670
here were objects with masses similar to


00:09:24.680 --> 00:09:26.710
Jupiter but they weren't behaving like


00:09:26.720 --> 00:09:28.870
planets or Stars should they weren't


00:09:28.880 --> 00:09:31.949
orbiting any parent Stars yet somehow


00:09:31.959 --> 00:09:34.590
they managed to stay together in pairs


00:09:34.600 --> 00:09:36.550
something that shouldn't be possible if


00:09:36.560 --> 00:09:40.190
they were just ejected planets but now


00:09:40.200 --> 00:09:41.590
researchers from the University of


00:09:41.600 --> 00:09:43.389
Sheffield might have unwrapped the


00:09:43.399 --> 00:09:46.550
answer they propos that jumbos are


00:09:46.560 --> 00:09:48.590
actually Stellar cores that have been


00:09:48.600 --> 00:09:50.630
stripped down by their more massive


00:09:50.640 --> 00:09:52.949
Stellar neighbors think of it like a


00:09:52.959 --> 00:09:55.550
cosmic version of unwrapping a present


00:09:55.560 --> 00:09:57.430
except in this case it's powerful


00:09:57.440 --> 00:09:59.670
radiation from massive stars doing the


00:09:59.680 --> 00:10:01.870
unwrapping stripping away the outer


00:10:01.880 --> 00:10:03.430
layers of smaller


00:10:03.440 --> 00:10:05.990
Stars this process known as photo


00:10:06.000 --> 00:10:07.990
erosion occurs when the intense


00:10:08.000 --> 00:10:10.630
radiation from large hot Stars known as


00:10:10.640 --> 00:10:13.630
O type or B type Stars blasts away at


00:10:13.640 --> 00:10:16.389
their smaller neighbors the Orion Nebula


00:10:16.399 --> 00:10:18.470
where these jumbos were found happens to


00:10:18.480 --> 00:10:20.750
be full of these Cosmic bullies the


00:10:20.760 --> 00:10:22.790
radiation not only strips away material


00:10:22.800 --> 00:10:24.949
but also compresses what remains


00:10:24.959 --> 00:10:26.829
creating these unique objects that seem


00:10:26.839 --> 00:10:29.310
to exist somewhere between stars and


00:10:29.320 --> 00:10:31.590
Brown dwarfs what makes this Theory


00:10:31.600 --> 00:10:33.870
particularly elegant is that it solves


00:10:33.880 --> 00:10:36.509
several problems at once it explains why


00:10:36.519 --> 00:10:39.350
jumbos are found in pairs as many stars


00:10:39.360 --> 00:10:42.310
naturally form as binaries it also


00:10:42.320 --> 00:10:44.910
explains their unusual Mass which is too


00:10:44.920 --> 00:10:47.230
small for normal stars but appears in


00:10:47.240 --> 00:10:48.750
quantities that would be impossibly


00:10:48.760 --> 00:10:51.430
coincidental for ejected planets the


00:10:51.440 --> 00:10:53.190
researchers suggest we can test this


00:10:53.200 --> 00:10:55.110
Theory by looking for jumbos in other


00:10:55.120 --> 00:10:57.590
star forming regions if they're right we


00:10:57.600 --> 00:10:59.670
should find smaller jumbos in area with


00:10:59.680 --> 00:11:02.230
more intense Stellar radiation while


00:11:02.240 --> 00:11:04.310
regions without massive stars shouldn't


00:11:04.320 --> 00:11:06.949
have any jumbos at all it's a prediction


00:11:06.959 --> 00:11:09.430
that future observations can verify


00:11:09.440 --> 00:11:11.430
potentially confirming this Cosmic


00:11:11.440 --> 00:11:13.750
unwrapping Theory once and for


00:11:13.760 --> 00:11:16.990
all finally today Jupiter has been


00:11:17.000 --> 00:11:18.710
putting on quite a spectacular show


00:11:18.720 --> 00:11:20.990
lately with new observations revealing a


00:11:21.000 --> 00:11:22.949
pair of colossal thunderstorms churning


00:11:22.959 --> 00:11:25.350
within its Southern equatorial belt


00:11:25.360 --> 00:11:27.509
these aren't your average storms we're


00:11:27.519 --> 00:11:29.430
talking about Tempest so massive they


00:11:29.440 --> 00:11:31.629
could swallow Earth whole with room to


00:11:31.639 --> 00:11:34.230
spare these ghostly white storms were


00:11:34.240 --> 00:11:36.110
captured by astrophotographer Michael


00:11:36.120 --> 00:11:39.069
carer using an 8in telescope in Austria


00:11:39.079 --> 00:11:41.110
showing up as striking bright patches


00:11:41.120 --> 00:11:43.269
against Jupiter's characteristic Rusty


00:11:43.279 --> 00:11:45.829
brown belt what makes these storms


00:11:45.839 --> 00:11:48.310
particularly noteworthy is their Rarity


00:11:48.320 --> 00:11:49.949
we haven't seen anything quite like them


00:11:49.959 --> 00:11:52.910
since 2016 but what's really capturing


00:11:52.920 --> 00:11:55.509
astronomer's attention is these storms


00:11:55.519 --> 00:11:57.949
potential to dramatically alter


00:11:57.959 --> 00:12:00.629
Jupiter's appearance as these massive


00:12:00.639 --> 00:12:02.470
systems get pulled apart by Jupiter's


00:12:02.480 --> 00:12:04.629
powerful winds their white clouds are


00:12:04.639 --> 00:12:06.470
beginning to mix with the surrounding


00:12:06.480 --> 00:12:08.670
atmosphere this process could actually


00:12:08.680 --> 00:12:10.750
dilute The Familiar reddish brown color


00:12:10.760 --> 00:12:13.150
of Jupiter's Southern equatorial belt


00:12:13.160 --> 00:12:14.949
potentially causing it to fade or even


00:12:14.959 --> 00:12:17.189
seemingly disappear something that's


00:12:17.199 --> 00:12:19.670
happened before most notably between


00:12:19.680 --> 00:12:21.829
1973 and


00:12:21.839 --> 00:12:24.949
1991 deep within these storms something


00:12:24.959 --> 00:12:27.710
even more spectacular is happening while


00:12:27.720 --> 00:12:29.350
Earth's thunderstorms produce blue


00:12:29.360 --> 00:12:31.590
Lightning due to water vapor Jupiter's


00:12:31.600 --> 00:12:33.550
storms create ethereal green lightning


00:12:33.560 --> 00:12:36.269
bolts thanks to the ammonia in its


00:12:36.279 --> 00:12:38.590
atmosphere these electrical displays are


00:12:38.600 --> 00:12:40.629
occurring about 60 mil beneath the


00:12:40.639 --> 00:12:43.189
planet's swirling surface adding another


00:12:43.199 --> 00:12:44.910
layer of Wonder to these already


00:12:44.920 --> 00:12:48.069
impressive meteorological phenomena for


00:12:48.079 --> 00:12:50.350
Sky Watchers this couldn't have come at


00:12:50.360 --> 00:12:52.829
a better time Jupiter has just passed


00:12:52.839 --> 00:12:54.670
its opposition meaning it's at its


00:12:54.680 --> 00:12:56.590
closest point to Earth and particularly


00:12:56.600 --> 00:12:59.150
bright in our night sky if you have a


00:12:59.160 --> 00:13:00.509
telescope or even a good pair of


00:13:00.519 --> 00:13:02.829
binoculars you can spot the gas giant


00:13:02.839 --> 00:13:05.069
yourself in the constellation Taurus


00:13:05.079 --> 00:13:06.550
though you'll need more sophisticated


00:13:06.560 --> 00:13:08.350
equipment to see these remarkable storms


00:13:08.360 --> 00:13:09.870
in


00:13:09.880 --> 00:13:11.990
detail what an incredible journey


00:13:12.000 --> 00:13:14.150
through space we've had today from


00:13:14.160 --> 00:13:15.910
witnessing the birth of our Galaxy's


00:13:15.920 --> 00:13:18.629
twin in the early Universe to exploring


00:13:18.639 --> 00:13:21.189
the winter wonderlands of Mars and from


00:13:21.199 --> 00:13:23.269
following Parker solar probe's daring


00:13:23.279 --> 00:13:25.470
Christmas mission to uncovering the


00:13:25.480 --> 00:13:28.150
secrets of mysterious jumbo these


00:13:28.160 --> 00:13:29.470
discoveries remind us just just how


00:13:29.480 --> 00:13:32.030
Dynamic and full of surprises our Cosmic


00:13:32.040 --> 00:13:34.110
neighborhood truly is whether it's the


00:13:34.120 --> 00:13:35.550
holiday celebrations aboard the


00:13:35.560 --> 00:13:37.550
International Space Station or the


00:13:37.560 --> 00:13:40.150
massive thunderstorms raging on Jupiter


00:13:40.160 --> 00:13:42.269
each story adds another piece to our


00:13:42.279 --> 00:13:43.790
understanding of the universe we call


00:13:43.800 --> 00:13:46.629
home the dedication of astronomers


00:13:46.639 --> 00:13:49.269
scientists and Space Explorers continues


00:13:49.279 --> 00:13:50.710
to push the boundaries of human


00:13:50.720 --> 00:13:52.910
knowledge bringing us closer to


00:13:52.920 --> 00:13:55.550
understanding our place Among the Stars


00:13:55.560 --> 00:13:56.990
this is Anna and you've been listening


00:13:57.000 --> 00:13:59.550
to astronomy daily for more detailed


00:13:59.560 --> 00:14:01.230
coverage of these stories including


00:14:01.240 --> 00:14:03.829
images and additional content visit our


00:14:03.839 --> 00:14:06.110
website at astronomy


00:14:06.120 --> 00:14:08.949
daily. until tomorrow keep looking up


00:14:08.959 --> 00:14:16.450
and stay curious about the cosmos


00:14:16.460 --> 00:14:29.870
[Music]


00:14:29.880 --> 00:14:33.639
stories told