Mars’s Sample Strategy, Blue Ghost’s Lunar Leap, and China’s Satellite Secrets: S04E07

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Language: en

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welcome to astronomy daily your source


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for the latest space in astronomy news


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I'm your host Anna and today we'll be


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exploring some fascinating developments


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in space exploration from Mars sample


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returns to breakthrough cosmic ray


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discoveries we've got an exciting lineup


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of stories that showcase just how


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Dynamic and rapidly evolving our


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understanding of space continues to be


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so let's get


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started big news from NASA about their


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ambitious Mar sample return Mission the


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space agency has just unveiled a major


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overhaul of their strategy to bring


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those precious Martian samples back to


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Earth they're now considering two


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streamlined approaches that could


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significantly reduce both cost and


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complexity the original plan came with a


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whopping price tag of up to 11 billion


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and wouldn't have seen samples return


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until 2040 but now NASA administrator


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Bill Nelson Has announced they've found


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ways to potentially cut those costs


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nearly in half with new estimates


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ranging between between 5.8 and7.7


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billion while potentially getting the


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samples back by


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2035 both new options focus on


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delivering the same essential Hardware


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to Mars a Lander carrying the Mars


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Ascent vehicle or MAV this rocket will


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be responsible for launching the samples


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currently being collected by the


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perseverance Rover into Mars orbit the


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key difference between the two


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approaches lies in how they'll land this


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Hardware on the red planet the first


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option would use a scaled up version of


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the tried and tested sky crane system


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that successfully landed both curiosity


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and perseverance Rovers the second


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approach would involve partnering With


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Private Industry for an alternative


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Landing system in a notable change from


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earlier designs both options will now


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use nuclear power instead of solar


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panels This switch gives the mission


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more operational flexibility allowing it


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to work during dust storms and keep the


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Rocket Motors at their optimal


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temperature next NASA isn't rushing to


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decide between these options they're


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taking until mid 2026 to make their


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final choice and while China has


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announced their own Mars sample return


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Mission targeting


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2028 NASA emphasizes that their mission


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offers a more comprehensive scientific


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approach collecting samples from various


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sites that once hosted liquid


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water next up SpaceX is gearing up for


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another Milestone Moon launch this time


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carrying Firefly aerospace's Blue Ghost


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lunar Lander the mission appropriately


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named Ghost Riders in the Sky is set to


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lift off from Kennedy Space Center on


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January 15th at 1:11 a.m. eastern time


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blue Ghost isn't making this journey


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alone it's sharing its ride to space


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with another lunar hopeful the


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resilience Lander built by Japanese


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company ispace this team is looking for


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Redemption after their previous attempt


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ended in a crash landing last April the


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mission plan is quite intricate after


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launch Blue Ghost will spend 20 5 days


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orbiting Earth before firing its engines


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to begin its lunar Journey once it


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reaches the moon it'll spend another 16


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days in lunar orbit preparing for what


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might be its most crucial moment the


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autonomous Landing attempt in Marium or


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the Sea of crises an ancient impact


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Basin roughly 460 M wide if everything


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goes according to plan we should see our


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first highdefinition images from the


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lunar surface within just 30 minutes of


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touchdown but Blue Ghost will need to


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work quickly it only has 14 days before


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lunar KN Falls and cuts off its solar


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power though its batteries will give it


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about 5 hours to capture the dramatic


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lunar dusk the Lander is carrying 10


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NASA experiments including some


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fascinating technology


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demonstrations one particularly


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interesting payload is Lexi the lunar


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environment heliospheric x-ray imager


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which will give us an unprecedented view


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of Earth's magnetic field as it


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interacts with solar wind scient are


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hoping to witness our planet's


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magnetosphere breathing expanding and


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Contracting in response to solar


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activity something we've never been able


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to observe before should Blue Ghost


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succeed in its Mission it will become


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just the second commercial lunar payload


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Services mission to reach the luner


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surface following the historic Landing


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of intuitive machines Odysseus mission


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last


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month now let's turn our attention to


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China in a significant development from


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China's space sector the nation has


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launched its first batch of sat


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satellites for the ambitious Guang


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constellation project while this marks a


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major step forward in China's space


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capabilities the launch has raised more


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questions than it's answered the initial


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deployment consisted of 10 satellites


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carried to orbit by a long march 5B


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rocket from the wenchong Spaceport a


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second batch is already at the launch


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site ready for deployment but details


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about these spacecraft remain remarkably


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scarce what's particularly intriguing is


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the lack of basic information that's


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typically shared about such launches we


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don't know the satellites size mass or


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even their exact capabilities this


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stands in stark contrast to China's


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other space internet project the


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Thousand sales constellation which has


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been quite open about its satellite


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specifications and Designs the choice to


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launch just 10 satellites on China's


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most powerful rocket capable of carrying


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up to 25,000 kg to low earth orbit has


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sparked speculation about their true


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nature some experts suggest these


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satellites might be designed for more


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than just internet services possibly


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carrying additional payloads for


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reconnaissance or other purposes the


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satellites are currently orbiting at an


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altitude similar to one web's


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constellation between 1,98 and


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1,127 kmet while this might suggest a


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smaller constellation focused on


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connectivity China's International


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filings indicate plans for an eventual


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network of 13,000


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satellites this lack of transparency


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becomes particularly concerning when


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considering the growing challenge of


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Space Traffic management with multiple


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Mega constellations being deployed by


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various Nations and companies including


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spacex's starlink and China's own


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thousand sales project the need for


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Clear communication and coordination


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between operators becomes increasingly


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critical as more launches are planned


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the space Community will be watching


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closely to see if China becomes more


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forthcoming about the Guang


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constellation's capabilities and


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intended purposes


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the Project's development could have


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significant implications not just for


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Global connectivity but also for Space


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Traffic management and International


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Space


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cooperation as our presence in space


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continues to expand a crucial Gap in our


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capabilities has come to light we're not


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adequately prepared for emergency


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rescues in orbit leading space experts


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are now calling for Urgent action to


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address this critical oversight the


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Aerospace corporation's recent space


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safety compendium report rep has


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highlighted what they term an inspace


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rescue capability Gap currently neither


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government agencies nor commercial


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spaceflight providers have comprehensive


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plans in place for rescuing Crews from


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distressed spacecraft whether in low


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earth orbit or Beyond this issue gained


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particular attention during recent


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events with NASA's Starliner Mission


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when astronauts Sunni Williams and Butch


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wilmore's stay on the International


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Space Station was extended from 8 days


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to nearly 10 months it highlighted the


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complexities of crew Logistics and


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emergency planning in space while NASA


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maintains that the astronauts were never


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stranded having access to return


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Vehicles throughout their stay the


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situation required Creative Solutions


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including temporary accommodations in a


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crew Dragon spacecraft that was already


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assigned to other crew


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members former NASA administrators


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Charles Balden Jim brightenstein and sha


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O'Keefe along with other space industry


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leaders are advocating for the develop M


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of International Rescue capabilities


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they emphasize the need for


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standardization in critical areas like


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docking systems and space suits current


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incompatibilities between different


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spacecraft systems could severely hamper


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rescue efforts the experts stress that


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we shouldn't wait for a disaster to act


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as one official noted we shouldn't need


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a space equivalent of the KK submarine


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disaster to drive these changes with the


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increasing number of both government and


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Commercial Crews heading to orbit the


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time to develop these capabilities is


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now before they're needed in an


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emergency in groundbreaking research


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published in the astrophysical journal


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letters scientists have uncovered new


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insights into one of space's most


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energetic Mysteries ultra high energy


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cosmic rays these incredible particles


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found in extreme environments near black


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holes and neutron stars pack an


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astounding punch carrying energy levels


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about 10 million times greater than


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particles in our most powerful particle


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accelerators here on Earth


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for years scientists believe these


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cosmic rays got their enormous energy


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from shock waves like those produced


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when stars explode but this new research


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reveals a different story the true


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Source appears to be magnetic turbulence


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essentially highly Tangled magnetic


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fields that Twist and Turn rapidly


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accelerating particles to these


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remarkable energy levels to put these


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energies in perspective while particles


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from our sun reach energies of about 10


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billion electron volts


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these cosmic rays can achieve a


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mindboggling 100 quintilian electron


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volts that's like comparing a grain of


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rice to the weight of the world's


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largest passenger aircraft an almost


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incomprehensible difference in


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scale what's particularly fascinating is


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that despite the vast difference in


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environments these cosmic rays share


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something in common with solar particles


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they both get their energy from Tangled


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magnetic fields it's a surprising


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connection between phenomena OCC uring


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at vastly different scales in our


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universe this discovery isn't just


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academic it helps resolve long-standing


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questions that have puzzled both


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astrophysicists and particle physicists


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about the mechanics Behind These


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mysterious cosmic rays the data clearly


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shows that magnetic turbulence better


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explains the observations than the


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previous shock acceleration Theory


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representing a significant breakthrough


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in our understanding of these powerful


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Cosmic


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phenomena let's get a JD us update


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the James web Space Telescope has once


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again pushed the boundaries of what we


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thought possible making an extraordinary


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Discovery that's challenging our


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understanding of the distant Universe


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thanks to a fascinating cosmic alignment


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web has spotted 44 individual stars in a


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galaxy that's an incredible 6.5 billion


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light years away that's halfway across


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the observable universe these stars were


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found in what astronomers call the


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dragon a striking tendril of light


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that's actually a distorted image of a


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distant spiral


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galaxy this remarkable view is made


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possible by a phenomenon called


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gravitational lensing where the massive


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able 370 Galaxy cluster acts like a


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giant magnifying glass bending and


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amplifying the light from galaxies


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behind it what makes this discovery even


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more fascinating is that these aren't


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just any stars they're red super Giants


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in their final life stages similar to


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our familiar neighbor Beetlejuice in the


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constellation Orion


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the discovery happened almost by


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accident when researchers were examining


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web images taken in 2022 and 2023 and


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noticed what appeared to be individual


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star points twinkling like Christmas


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lights the observation was further


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enhanced by an incredible Stroke of Luck


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individual Stars floating within the


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Obel 370 cluster temporarily lined up


00:11:50.200 --> 00:11:52.269
with the background Stars creating


00:11:52.279 --> 00:11:54.870
additional magnification this caused the


00:11:54.880 --> 00:11:56.949
Stars to appear and disappear between


00:11:56.959 --> 00:11:59.509
images creating a spectacular cos mic


00:11:59.519 --> 00:12:01.350
light show that nobody expected to see


00:12:01.360 --> 00:12:02.750
at such vast


00:12:02.760 --> 00:12:04.910
distances this discovery isn't just


00:12:04.920 --> 00:12:07.069
about breaking records it's opening new


00:12:07.079 --> 00:12:09.069
windows into studying the distant


00:12:09.079 --> 00:12:12.110
Universe before web the idea of spotting


00:12:12.120 --> 00:12:13.870
individual stars at such extreme


00:12:13.880 --> 00:12:16.350
distances was considered as impossible


00:12:16.360 --> 00:12:18.110
as trying to see dust grains and moon


00:12:18.120 --> 00:12:20.189
craters through binoculars yet here we


00:12:20.199 --> 00:12:21.790
are pushing the boundaries of what we


00:12:21.800 --> 00:12:25.110
thought possible in astronomical


00:12:25.120 --> 00:12:27.230
observation and that brings this episode


00:12:27.240 --> 00:12:29.550
to a close thanks for joining me today


00:12:29.560 --> 00:12:31.230
on another fascinating Journey Through


00:12:31.240 --> 00:12:33.870
the cosmos I'm Anna and it's been a


00:12:33.880 --> 00:12:35.470
pleasure bringing you these incredible


00:12:35.480 --> 00:12:37.430
stories from the frontiers of space


00:12:37.440 --> 00:12:40.230
exploration and astronomy before we wrap


00:12:40.240 --> 00:12:41.790
up I want to remind you that you can


00:12:41.800 --> 00:12:43.670
stay connected with all the latest space


00:12:43.680 --> 00:12:45.750
and astronomy news by visiting our


00:12:45.760 --> 00:12:47.550
website at astronomy


00:12:47.560 --> 00:12:49.629
daily. there you can sign up for our


00:12:49.639 --> 00:12:51.470
free daily newsletter and access our


00:12:51.480 --> 00:12:53.629
constantly updating news feed you'll


00:12:53.639 --> 00:12:55.269
also find all our previous episodes


00:12:55.279 --> 00:12:58.069
available for streaming if you enjoy our


00:12:58.079 --> 00:13:00.110
content make sure to follow us on social


00:13:00.120 --> 00:13:02.829
media you can find us as Astro daily pod


00:13:02.839 --> 00:13:06.990
on Facebook X YouTube Tumblr and Tik Tok


00:13:07.000 --> 00:13:08.949
we're constantly sharing amazing space


00:13:08.959 --> 00:13:11.350
images breaking news and engaging with


00:13:11.360 --> 00:13:13.150
our wonderful community of space


00:13:13.160 --> 00:13:15.750
enthusiasts until next time keep looking


00:13:15.760 --> 00:13:17.350
up and wondering about the mysteries of


00:13:17.360 --> 00:13:19.470
our Incredible Universe this has been


00:13:19.480 --> 00:13:33.509
astronomy daily and I'm Anna signing off


00:13:33.519 --> 00:13:36.050
the St is the


00:13:36.060 --> 00:13:43.649
[Music]