Lunar Tides, Galactic Twins & Holiday Cheer: #481 | Space Nuts

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Kind: captions
Language: en

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hi Andrew Dunley here Fred and I are


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taking a little bit of a break over the


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Christmas New Year period just to catch


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our breath we'll be back uh sometime


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around mid January in the meantime we've


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been digging through the archives at


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some of the most perplexing and popular


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episodes that we've done in recent times


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so sit back and enjoy and we'll see you


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in


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2025 15 seconds guidance is internal 10


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9 ignition sequence start Space Nuts 5 4


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3 2 1 2 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1 space nuts nuts


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rep feels good as usual joining me is


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astronomer at Large Professor Fred


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Watson hello Fred hi Andrew good morning


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it is morning as we record this so I can


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say good morning yes it is yes now I'm


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in a different location today do you


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love my teal wall oh it looks like green


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screen yeah it looks like a green screen


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that for you know for you're getting a


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good background on TV there yeah it's


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very nice yeah it does doesn't it it's


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yeah it's just somebody painted the


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entire office that I work in teal it's I


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mean if I turned the camera around and


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showed you every wall in the place


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they'd all be that


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color it's rather


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Dreadful but uh anyway we carry on


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regardless okay for let's get down to


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business um we'll start off with this


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warning from NASA that the Moon is


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approaching cycle which when combined


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with the climate change issues that the


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planet is facing we'll see high tides


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exceeding flooding thresholds in some


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parts of the world now they're talking


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the mid 2030s this is quite uh quite


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astonishing uh yes that's right it's uh


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so it's nothing new as far as the the


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astronomy is concerned uh what we've got


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is a situation where astronomy and


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climate change are coming together um if


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I can put it that way so the moon um you


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know it goes through various Cycles the


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most the one we all know is the monthly


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cycle it's a that's why we call it a


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month because once a month the moon goes


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around in its orbit around the Earth but


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the orbit itself uh undergoes other


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Cycles as well uh and in particular


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there is uh an


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18.6 year cycle that uh is to do with


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the procession of the Moon's orbits now


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um I think we've talked about the


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procession of the Earth's axis before


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and that's something easy to understand


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if you think of the Earth as a big


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spinning top it spinning rotates once


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every 24 hours but its axis is also


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rotating around just like a spinning


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tops does and that's called preception


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uh in the case of the earth axis it goes


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around once in 26,000 years so it's a


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much longer period phenomenon but the


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Earth's or sorry the moon's orbit around


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the earth does that too um it's the if


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you think of the orbit as being in a


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flat plane and then imagine a a


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perpendicular to that plane it's that


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perpendicular that's processing very


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slightly uh around around a pole a bit


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like a bit like the axis does and that's


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an 18.6 year cycle and what it does is


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it changes the moon's orbit not by much


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it's certainly nothing you'd notice with


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the naked eye but it changes it enough


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to affect the moon's influence on the


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tides on Earth and so what happens is


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that at sometimes during that 18.6 year


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cycle you get high tides being a bit


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lower and low tides being a bit higher


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which means the range is is getting


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smaller but at other times uh kind of


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you know the other half of the cycle if


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I can put it that way the high tides are


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higher and the low tides are lower and


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that's why


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NASA scientists along with Scientists in


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the University of Hawaii have raised a


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an alert on not not to be alarmist but


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to make the point that what this has you


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know its practical effect is that


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Coastal lowly coastal areas will have


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more of these things that are sometimes


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called nuisance floods floods where


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you've got a high really high tide uh


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and it floods the streets uh of the of


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the you know the the coastal areas um


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there will be more of those that's the


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point that they're making uh and in


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particular this is likely to be the case


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from the mid 2030s for a few years and


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so what they're saying is not oh you


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know this is a terrible situation we're


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all going to die it's not that it's


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about um it's about a v you know


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advising city planners and uh and local


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authorities that look after the the


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flood protection on coastlines and


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things of that sort all of these people


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who need to know that we're likely to


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see more of these events uh in the in


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the


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2030s uh uh what about low-lying places


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like the Maldives that are only like one


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or two meters above sea level what sort


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of an impact would it have on places


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like that yes exactly so that you know


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there are also places that are at risk


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because uh you might not get it won't be


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dramatically that much higher than it is


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now but it'll be more often um uh you


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know might be a is probably still a


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fraction of a meter that we're talking


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about the difference but it will happen


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more often U so and we we've heard of uh


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King Tides happening


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yeah yeah y right so so maybe a bigger


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King Tides is what we're talking about


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that's that's exactly it so uh


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technically a king T So a spring tide is


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when the moon and the sun are basically


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in the same direction so you get higher


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and lower Tides a king tide usually is


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that combined with meteorological


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effects which uh you know if you get a


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low pressure region then the the tide


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comes up higher uh so you you get these


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King Tides um it's nothing like a


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tsunami it's not that kind of thing


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we're talking about it's just an


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increase in the tidal range uh what I I


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guess concerns me or interests me about


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this is that um with with a sea level


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rise that is a is a process that's going


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to continue for a very long time so when


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we get to the next phase of the of the


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moon's you know processional period


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which will be in the 2050s we've


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probably going to get even more effects


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from this so the 2050s we're going to


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see much more of these Coastal uh in


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intrusions of water uh so it's uh yeah


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it's a it's a it's a good warning it's


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actually come from Oceanside scientists


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as well as uh astronomers uh this this


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work it's been done very careful work um


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it's easy to find the the reports on it


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they've taken the results from many many


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oceanographic studies and folded them


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into what we know about the effect of


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tides and the moon's the moon's orbit so


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yeah it's um yeah it's a it's a it's a a


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well meant and well placed


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warning yes indeed and it looks like


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their projections go uh right out to


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about 2080 so they they've got a pretty


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good idea of of what's going to happen I


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would imagine that if you're in the you


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know the 2030s and and one of these um


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you know Super King Tides I suppose


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they'll end up calling them in


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journalism uh starts to happen at the


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same time as you get a a massive low


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pressure system and you tropical storm


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of some kind in the same area I can


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imagine what that would do that's right


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that's so let's hope that doesn't happen


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yeah exactly


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right very interesting stuff and you can


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actually look up that paper I think it's


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available through


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NASA um and it's widely published so it


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shouldn't be difficult to find uh by the


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B Fred I used to live in maai in North


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Queensland jul and I moved up there just


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after we got married now they have King


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ties they have Playing Fields uh around


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the uh some of the beaches there and


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quite often they'll go a couple of feet


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underwater when they had a big tide and


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the um the real uh interesting thing


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that they've done in MA to try and


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alleviate some of these tidal surges is


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that they have built channels in the


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city that um when when you get a big


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tide comes in the channels fill up so


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the land doesn't go under uh we used to


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live uh in a house that had these


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channels behind them and it um sometimes


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was was full to the brim of of sea water


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wow and then 6 hours later it was empty


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it was fascinating quite fascinating bit


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scary as well someplace yeah especially


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because that it it moves so fast when


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the when the Tide's going out that water


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actually goes in a rush and it's a


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different world up there I mean I grew


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up around the Newcastle area where the


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tides were pretty mild Mega would be the


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word and to be the same in Sydney but up


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in Mai you could actually walk with the


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incoming tide oh was really fascinating


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yeah yeah very slow walking pace but it


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came in that fast so and I know there


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are other parts of the world where it


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actually comes in like a wave so yeah


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it's it's really I find that kind of


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influence of of things like the moon on


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on our water ways here just quite


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intriguing I I do find it amazing and


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I've witnessed some pretty amazing um


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tides and King Tides over the years too


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you are listening to the Space Nuts


00:09:50.360 --> 00:09:53.030
podcast with Andrew Dunley and the good


00:09:53.040 --> 00:09:57.030
professor Fred


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Watson here also space nut


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hello space Nutters I'm Anna the host of


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the astronomy daily podcast and I'm here


00:10:05.000 --> 00:10:06.430
to share a couple of the stories we've


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been following this week as special bit


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extra for this holiday edition of space


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nuts today we've got some heartwarming


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holiday cheer from the International


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Space Station and an exciting discovery


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about a Galaxy that looks remarkably


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like our own Milky Way in its youth so


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let's kick things off with a story


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befitting the season the International


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Space Station is truly embracing the


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holiday spirit this year with the crew


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sending down a delightful video message


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from their orbital home picture this


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floating candy canes and even a creative


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snowman made from stowage bags


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decorating their space Sanctuary 260 Mi


00:10:43.000 --> 00:10:46.269
above Earth Commander Sun Williams


00:10:46.279 --> 00:10:48.590
sporting festive reindeer antlers


00:10:48.600 --> 00:10:50.389
gathered with NASA astronauts Barry


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Wilmore Don Pettit and Nick ha along


00:10:54.000 --> 00:10:55.590
with their Russian colleagues Alexi


00:10:55.600 --> 00:10:58.710
ainin I Vagner and Alexander gorbunov to


00:10:58.720 --> 00:11:01.190
share their unique celebration while


00:11:01.200 --> 00:11:02.670
being away from their Earthbound


00:11:02.680 --> 00:11:04.470
families during the holidays might seem


00:11:04.480 --> 00:11:06.629
challenging the crew has created their


00:11:06.639 --> 00:11:08.870
own special festivities aboard the


00:11:08.880 --> 00:11:10.990
station they've transformed their


00:11:11.000 --> 00:11:13.430
orbital Outpost into a cozy holiday


00:11:13.440 --> 00:11:16.110
Haven complete with a small artificial


00:11:16.120 --> 00:11:17.990
Christmas tree adorned with ornaments


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featuring photos of their loved ones the


00:11:20.959 --> 00:11:22.949
ground teams have made sure our Space


00:11:22.959 --> 00:11:24.910
Explorers won't miss out on holiday


00:11:24.920 --> 00:11:27.430
treats preparing special festive meals


00:11:27.440 --> 00:11:29.590
for the crew as Dawn P it


00:11:29.600 --> 00:11:31.670
enthusiastically shared they're all set


00:11:31.680 --> 00:11:33.550
for quite a feast up there it's


00:11:33.560 --> 00:11:35.190
particularly touching to note that


00:11:35.200 --> 00:11:37.750
they're not alone in their holiday Duty


00:11:37.760 --> 00:11:39.710
ground Crews across the globe are also


00:11:39.720 --> 00:11:41.509
spending their holidays ensuring our


00:11:41.519 --> 00:11:44.430
astronauts Mission continues smoothly


00:11:44.440 --> 00:11:46.629
it's a reminder of the dedication and


00:11:46.639 --> 00:11:48.949
sacrifice that keeps our space program


00:11:48.959 --> 00:11:52.310
running even during the festive season


00:11:52.320 --> 00:11:54.310
now let me tell you about an absolutely


00:11:54.320 --> 00:11:56.110
fascinating Discovery that's got the


00:11:56.120 --> 00:11:58.670
astronomy World buzzing the James web


00:11:58.680 --> 00:12:00.590
space Tel telescope has just captured


00:12:00.600 --> 00:12:02.269
images of what we might call our


00:12:02.279 --> 00:12:05.150
Galaxy's baby photos except these aren't


00:12:05.160 --> 00:12:07.550
actually of the Milky Way but rather its


00:12:07.560 --> 00:12:10.350
ancient twin scientists have nicknamed


00:12:10.360 --> 00:12:13.550
this Celestial gem the Firefly Sparkle


00:12:13.560 --> 00:12:15.389
and it's giving us an unprecedented


00:12:15.399 --> 00:12:18.110
glimpse into our Cosmic past this


00:12:18.120 --> 00:12:20.350
remarkable Galaxy came into being just


00:12:20.360 --> 00:12:23.350
600 million years after the big bang


00:12:23.360 --> 00:12:25.550
which in Cosmic terms is like looking at


00:12:25.560 --> 00:12:28.629
the universe in its infancy what makes


00:12:28.639 --> 00:12:31.110
this discover particularly special is


00:12:31.120 --> 00:12:33.350
that it features 10 distinct star


00:12:33.360 --> 00:12:35.670
clusters each one shimmering like a


00:12:35.680 --> 00:12:38.829
firefly on a summer night these clusters


00:12:38.839 --> 00:12:40.990
formed at different times creating a


00:12:41.000 --> 00:12:42.710
structure that mirrors what astronomers


00:12:42.720 --> 00:12:44.389
believe our own Milky Way looked like in


00:12:44.399 --> 00:12:47.350
its early days the Welsley college team


00:12:47.360 --> 00:12:48.710
behind this discovery couldn't have


00:12:48.720 --> 00:12:51.110
asked for better images the Galaxy


00:12:51.120 --> 00:12:53.629
appears wrapped in a delicate faint Arc


00:12:53.639 --> 00:12:55.509
and its mass matches what scientists


00:12:55.519 --> 00:12:57.110
estimate the Milky Ways would have been


00:12:57.120 --> 00:12:59.829
at the same stage of development


00:12:59.839 --> 00:13:02.389
this is incredibly rare most galaxies


00:13:02.399 --> 00:13:04.590
we've spotted from this early period are


00:13:04.600 --> 00:13:06.350
actually much more massive than our own


00:13:06.360 --> 00:13:08.870
was at that time this discovery is like


00:13:08.880 --> 00:13:10.710
finding a photo album of our Galaxy's


00:13:10.720 --> 00:13:13.150
childhood giving us a unique opportunity


00:13:13.160 --> 00:13:14.990
to understand how our Cosmic home came


00:13:15.000 --> 00:13:17.990
to be the stunning detail captured by


00:13:18.000 --> 00:13:20.790
the web telescope shows us various


00:13:20.800 --> 00:13:22.910
phases of star formation happening


00:13:22.920 --> 00:13:24.910
simultaneously painting a picture of a


00:13:24.920 --> 00:13:27.509
dynamic evolving system that's helping


00:13:27.519 --> 00:13:29.470
us piece together the story of G Galaxy


00:13:29.480 --> 00:13:32.230
formation in the early Universe the most


00:13:32.240 --> 00:13:34.310
remarkable aspect of this discovery lies


00:13:34.320 --> 00:13:36.590
in the numbers when astronomers measured


00:13:36.600 --> 00:13:38.949
the Firefly Sparkles Mass they found


00:13:38.959 --> 00:13:41.110
something extraordinary it perfectly


00:13:41.120 --> 00:13:43.030
matches what we believe our own Milky


00:13:43.040 --> 00:13:45.870
Way weighed during its formative years


00:13:45.880 --> 00:13:47.710
this is a cosmic coincidence that's


00:13:47.720 --> 00:13:50.550
giving scientists unprecedented insights


00:13:50.560 --> 00:13:53.350
into our Galactic history think of it as


00:13:53.360 --> 00:13:55.749
finding your exact genetic twin someone


00:13:55.759 --> 00:13:57.629
who not only looks like you but shares


00:13:57.639 --> 00:13:59.910
your precise genetic makeup


00:13:59.920 --> 00:14:01.870
that's essentially what we found here in


00:14:01.880 --> 00:14:04.069
space while other galaxies we've


00:14:04.079 --> 00:14:05.749
observed from this early period tend to


00:14:05.759 --> 00:14:08.470
be much larger the Firefly Sparkle is


00:14:08.480 --> 00:14:10.870
giving us a precise mirror image of our


00:14:10.880 --> 00:14:13.910
Galaxy's youth this discovery opens up


00:14:13.920 --> 00:14:15.870
exciting new possibilities for


00:14:15.880 --> 00:14:17.670
understanding how galaxies like our own


00:14:17.680 --> 00:14:20.389
Come Together by studying the Firefly


00:14:20.399 --> 00:14:22.910
Sparkle in detail astronomers can now


00:14:22.920 --> 00:14:25.389
observe in real time the processes that


00:14:25.399 --> 00:14:27.790
shaped our Cosmic neighborhood billions


00:14:27.800 --> 00:14:29.670
of years ago it's it's like having a


00:14:29.680 --> 00:14:32.590
window into our own past allowing us to


00:14:32.600 --> 00:14:35.470
watch as stars form clusters develop and


00:14:35.480 --> 00:14:37.710
the basic structure of a galaxy take


00:14:37.720 --> 00:14:40.189
shape the level of detail we can see in


00:14:40.199 --> 00:14:42.629
this ancient Galaxy is unprecedented


00:14:42.639 --> 00:14:44.430
thanks to the incredible capabilities of


00:14:44.440 --> 00:14:47.110
the James web Space Telescope scientists


00:14:47.120 --> 00:14:48.749
can now examine everything from


00:14:48.759 --> 00:14:51.310
Individual star clusters to the overall


00:14:51.320 --> 00:14:53.749
Galactic structure providing valuable


00:14:53.759 --> 00:14:55.949
data that will help refine our models of


00:14:55.959 --> 00:14:59.590
Galaxy formation and evolution


00:14:59.600 --> 00:15:01.670
that's all for today's Short news update


00:15:01.680 --> 00:15:04.110
I've been your host Anna and I must say


00:15:04.120 --> 00:15:06.150
sharing these fascinating stories about


00:15:06.160 --> 00:15:08.550
holiday celebrations in space and


00:15:08.560 --> 00:15:10.470
ancient Galaxy discoveries has been


00:15:10.480 --> 00:15:12.790
absolutely thrilling whether it's


00:15:12.800 --> 00:15:14.509
astronauts creating festive memories


00:15:14.519 --> 00:15:16.870
aboard the ISS or groundbreaking


00:15:16.880 --> 00:15:18.470
discoveries about our Galaxy's Cosmic


00:15:18.480 --> 00:15:21.230
twin the universe never ceases to amaze


00:15:21.240 --> 00:15:23.670
us if you're hungry for more space and


00:15:23.680 --> 00:15:25.829
astronomy updates be sure to subscribe


00:15:25.839 --> 00:15:27.790
to the podcast and visit our website at


00:15:27.800 --> 00:15:30.629
astronomy daily. IO where we bring you


00:15:30.639 --> 00:15:32.990
fresh Cosmic discoveries every single


00:15:33.000 --> 00:15:35.350
day until next time keep looking up and


00:15:35.360 --> 00:15:37.189
stay curious about the Wonders above


00:15:37.199 --> 00:15:40.069
usace nuts you'll been listening to the


00:15:40.079 --> 00:15:42.110
Space Nuts


00:15:42.120 --> 00:15:45.189
podcast available at Apple podcasts


00:15:45.199 --> 00:15:48.150
Spotify ihart radio or your favorite


00:15:48.160 --> 00:15:50.430
podcast player you can also stream on


00:15:50.440 --> 00:15:53.150
demand at bites.com this has been


00:15:53.160 --> 00:15:55.550
another quality podcast production from


00:15:55.560 --> 00:15:58.360
ties.com