Lunar Leap: Artemis 2’s Historic Mission and the Future of Moon Exploration

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Kind: captions
Language: en

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This is Spacetime series 28 episode 154


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for broadcast on the 31st of December


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2025.


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Coming up on Spaceime, the Aremis 2 man


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moon mission now slated for launch in


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February instead of April. Rewriting a


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chapter of the moon's early history and


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consequently that of the Earth as well.


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And failure for Japan's new flagship H3


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rocket. All that and more coming up on


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Spaceime.


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Welcome to Space Time with Stuart Garry.


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[Music]




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NASA has accelerated the launch of the


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historic Artemis 2 man moon mission from


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midappril to early February. The agency


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has tentatively slated the week of


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February the 6th with a 2-hour launch


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window. This will be an historic mission


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because it will be the first time humans


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have traveled to the moon in more than


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half a century ever since the days of


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Apollo 17 back in 1972.


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The 10-day mission aboard the Orion


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spacecraft Integrity will launch aboard


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NASA's 98 m tall three-stage SLS


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Superheavy lift rocket from Space Launch


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Complex 39B at the Kennedy Space Center


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at Cape Canaveral Space Force Base in


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Florida. The crew will complete one


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swing around the moon on what's known as


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a free return trajectory. The mission


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profile calls for a multi-trans lunar


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injection with multiple departure burns.


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Orion will initially be sent on a highly


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eccentric Earth orbit with a period of


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roughly 24 hours. By comparison, the


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International Space Station orbits much


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closer to the planet, taking just on 90


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minutes to complete each orbit. During


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Orion's highly eccentric orbit, the


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spacecraft's crew will perform various


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checkouts of the vehicle, its life


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support systems, its ancillary


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components, and it will undertake an


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inspace rendevous and proximity


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operation demonstration using the spent


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intram cryogenic propulsion or upper


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stage as a target. The mission will also


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carry five cube sats which will be


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attached to the inside of the stage


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adapted between the SLS upper stage and


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the Orion spacecraft. These will be


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deployed during Earth orbit. And once


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Orion reaches perigee after completing


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its orbit, it'll fire its main engines


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for its trans lunar injection burn.


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That'll send the spacecraft on a lunar


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free return or gravity assist


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trajectory, swinging around the moon


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with a closest approach to the lunar


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surface of approximately 7,400 kilm.


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Another burn maneuver will then send the


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spacecraft returning to Earth and


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ultimately splashing down in the Pacific


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Ocean. this report on Artemis 2 from


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NASA TV.


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>> So, the most exciting thing to me about


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Artemis 2 is just the return to the


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moon. We haven't been there in 50 years.


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Human eyes are going to see parts of the


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moon that haven't been seen by anyone


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before. It also recommits us to


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exploring the solar system in a way that


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we haven't in a long time. And I think


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it provides an opportunity for younger


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generations to understand the excitement


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of doing that kind of exploration.


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The moon is this great sort of


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Cherroscurro subject because the most


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recognizable thing about it is the


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changing sun angles and how that brings


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out the shape of craters near the


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terminator which is the dayight line


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because there aren't, you know, oceans


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and clouds and and all the things that


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you see on Earth. Um, the moon is really


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all about its shape and the shape is


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telling you something about its long


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history and the history of the entire


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solar system. All the things that have


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happened to the earth have been erased


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by geological processes and weather and


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climate. And that doesn't happen on the


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moon. The moon has recorded everything


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that's happened since its formation


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almost 4 and a half billion years ago.


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That tells us a lot about where we came


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from, where the solar system came from.


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It also reveals something about the


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composition of the Earth that we can't


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see because it's buried beneath the


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crust. Some of that is on the surface of


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the moon because it's been excavated by


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all the impacts. Artemis is our return


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to the moon after 50 years. The emphasis


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of Artemis is going to be first of all


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science, but second of all learning to


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sustain a presence on another world.


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first on the moon, but we're hoping that


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that's a stepping stone to Mars and


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other destinations in the solar system


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eventually.


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Artemis 2 will be a flyby mission. It's


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not going to land. We're testing all of


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the technology that we've created for


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flying to the moon since Apollo. A lot


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of systems have been modernized, and we


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need to make sure that all of those


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work. The astronauts will be looking out


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the window at parts of the moon that


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have never been seen by human eyes


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before. They will be flying by the moon


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at an altitude that's much higher than


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Apollo's orbits. And so they will see


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the entire disc of the moon, including


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areas that are closer to both the north


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and south pole that astronauts from


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Apollo never saw. All of that depends on


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the lighting, which we really won't know


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until launch day. But we can practice


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with different lighting scenarios. It's


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hard for people to sort of picture that


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in their mind. If you can make a


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visualization of it, show them a movie


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that helps everybody choose the targets


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and also practice aiming at those


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targets. The astronauts have actually


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been looking at these visualizations


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through the lens of the camera and


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practicing aiming at the various


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targets. All of the Apollo flights


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orbited the moon at a distance of about


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110 km. Because the astronauts were


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flying at such a low altitude, their


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horizon was actually quite close and


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they couldn't see the north and south


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poles and it includes this amazing


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impact feature called Oriental. Oriental


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is a very large impact feature. It's


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about 650 km wide. It's got multiple


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rings. These are rings that form like


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ripples in a pond from the impact. But


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of course, it's on a huge scale. The


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middle of Oriental has that sort of dark


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basaltt lava covering it like the dark


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spots that we see on the near side. It's


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one of the biggest ones that's more on


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the far side than near. So seeing it


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with human eyes and sort of picking out


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features that maybe you don't even see


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in robotic cameras is an important goal


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for the mission. One of the photographic


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targets that is on everybody's list is


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pictures of the Earth beyond the limb of


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the moon. During Apollo 8 on their


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fourth orbit, they finally turned their


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spacecraft around so that they could see


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in the direction of the Earth.


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>> Oh my god, look at that picture over


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there. There's the Earth coming up. Wow,


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that's pretty. Hey, don't take that off


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schedule.


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You got a color film, Jim.


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>> I think it surprised all of them how


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beautiful and how human it was to see


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the entire planet Earth from behind the


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horizon of another celestial body. That


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photograph called Earthrise had a huge


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impact on the public because from space


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you don't see country boundaries. You


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don't see some of the human problems


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that we deal with on the surface. And


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you also recognize that the Earth is a


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finite place. It's not infinite. It's


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not everything. It is a pale blue dot in


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the vastness of space. Artemis is going


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to have that opportunity once again. I


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anticipate that the astronauts will have


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the same feeling that the Apollo 8


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astronauts did and I think it will have


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a similar effect on a new generation of


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people who are watching this mission


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unfold.


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And in that report on Artemis 2 from


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NASA TV, we heard from Ernie Wright from


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NASA's Godard Space Flight Center in


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Green Belt, Maryland. And this is


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spacetime. Still to come, a new study of


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lunar rock samples paints a different


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picture of the tortured history of


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Earth's nearest celestial companion. And


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it's a big fail for Japan's new flagship


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H3 rocket. All that and more still to


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come on Spaceime.


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[Music]


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A new study of lunar rock samples is


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painting a very different picture of the


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tortured history of Earth's nearest


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celestial companion. The findings


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reported in the journal Geophysical


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Research Letters pushes back the


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timeline of lunar and consequently Earth


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impacts by some 300 million years. When


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the Apollo 17 astronauts collected a


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small rock from the moon more than 50


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years ago, they had no way of knowing


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that it would still be challenging


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science's understanding of lunar history


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today. The fragment simply known as


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sample 76535 formed nearly 50 kilometers


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under the lunar surface, but it shows no


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signs of the violent shocks usually


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expected when deep rocks are blasted up


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to the surface. And that puzzle has been


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intriguing scientists for decades. Many


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believe the rock was blasted to the


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surface by the same massive impact that


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formed the moon's largest crater, the


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giant south pole achen basin. But new


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research is now offering a simpler


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explanation, but one with very broad


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implications.


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By running advanced computer simulations


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of giant lunar impacts, the authors has


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shown that the asteroid impact, which


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from the Sereni Tart basin, a massive


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impact crater on the moon's near side,


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could have lifted our rock sample to the


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surface during the latest stages of its


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formation. The findings suggested the


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impact occurred about 4.25 billion years


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ago. That's roughly 3 million years


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earlier than previously thought. In the


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process, pushing the timeline of lunar


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impacts further back in history. Of


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course, that shift reported in the


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journal Geophysical Research Letters


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also reshapes how scientists estimate


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the bombardment history of Earth and


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other inner solar system planets. The


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studies lead author Evan Johns from the


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Lawrence Liverour National Laboratory


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says this rock may be small, but it


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carries a huge story about the moon's


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early history. He says it's sort of like


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a time capsule dating back 4.25 billion


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years. Now, scientists have long agreed


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on two key aspects about the Apollo


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sample. Its chemistry and its texture


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show that it formed deep inside the


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lunar crust, and it lacks the strong


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shock features that typically accompany


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a violent trip to the surface. Earlier


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studies proposed that only an enormous


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impact like the one which created the


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South Pole akin basin could have


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excavated rock from such depths. But


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there's a catch. Carrying the rock from


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that farside basin to the Apollo 17


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landing site would likely require an


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additional impact, all while avoiding


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shocks strong enough to leave telltale


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scars. Jones and colleagues found a more


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direct path. Using their computer


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simulations of large lunar impacts


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together with models of the moon's


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crust, they showed that during the later


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collapse stage of forming a giant


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crater, material from tens of kilometers


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down can be drawn upwards gently enough


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to preserve rock samples like 76535.


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In those simulations, a certain talis


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type impact can move deep material to


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within just a few kilometers of the


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surface. precisely the kind of process


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that could place the sample where Apollo


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17 could find it. The author's models


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kept showing the same thing. Big impacts


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can lift rocks to the surface without


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overshocking them. And if sample 76535


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dates the Serenitus impact at 4.25


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billion years ago, other major lunar


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basins may also be far older than


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currently dated. And that moves


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scientists to rethink how quickly the


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moon cooled and how frequently large


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impacts struck the inner solar system.


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Because Earth's earliest surface record


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has been largely erased by erosion,


00:12:07.680 --> 00:12:09.910
plate tectonics, and geology, scientists


00:12:09.920 --> 00:12:12.069
often calibrate Earth's impact history


00:12:12.079 --> 00:12:14.629
using the moon. And redating a


00:12:14.639 --> 00:12:16.710
cornerstone of lunar impact would


00:12:16.720 --> 00:12:18.470
recalibrate our picture of the early


00:12:18.480 --> 00:12:20.790
Earth as well and also how other inner


00:12:20.800 --> 00:12:23.269
solar system planets may have evolved.


00:12:23.279 --> 00:12:25.590
By pushing serenotus back in time,


00:12:25.600 --> 00:12:27.430
astronomers are shifting the entire


00:12:27.440 --> 00:12:29.670
timeline of when big impacts happened


00:12:29.680 --> 00:12:32.470
right across the solar system. So it has


00:12:32.480 --> 00:12:34.470
ripple effects for understanding not


00:12:34.480 --> 00:12:36.710
just Earth's early environment, but that


00:12:36.720 --> 00:12:39.590
of our entire place in the universe.


00:12:39.600 --> 00:12:42.629
This is spacetime. Still to come,


00:12:42.639 --> 00:12:45.030
failure for Japan's new flagship H3


00:12:45.040 --> 00:12:47.190
rocket. And later in the science report,


00:12:47.200 --> 00:12:48.790
how two of the world's most popular


00:12:48.800 --> 00:12:51.030
beverages, coffee and tea, influence


00:12:51.040 --> 00:12:53.509
burn health in older women. All that and


00:12:53.519 --> 00:13:11.670
more still to come on Spaceime.


00:13:11.680 --> 00:13:13.990
The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency,


00:13:14.000 --> 00:13:16.470
JAXA, has suffered a major setback with


00:13:16.480 --> 00:13:19.269
its new flagship H3 rocket failing to


00:13:19.279 --> 00:13:21.670
place its satellite payload into orbit.


00:13:21.680 --> 00:13:23.269
The launch had already been delayed due


00:13:23.279 --> 00:13:25.269
to technical issues with the rocket and


00:13:25.279 --> 00:13:27.750
an abort just 17 seconds before liftoff


00:13:27.760 --> 00:13:29.750
due to an anomaly with the water sound


00:13:29.760 --> 00:13:31.910
suppression system on the launch pad.


00:13:31.920 --> 00:13:34.069
The H3 was carrying the Mikabiki 5


00:13:34.079 --> 00:13:36.310
satellite navigation system spacecraft


00:13:36.320 --> 00:13:38.310
from the Tanagashima Space Center


00:13:38.320 --> 00:13:40.949
southwest of Tokyo. However, as the


00:13:40.959 --> 00:13:43.430
rocket launched into the sky, its second


00:13:43.440 --> 00:13:45.670
stage engine burn suddenly cut off


00:13:45.680 --> 00:13:48.710
unexpectedly far earlier than planned,


00:13:48.720 --> 00:13:50.710
and that resulted in the failure of the


00:13:50.720 --> 00:13:53.190
satellites deployment. This is the


00:13:53.200 --> 00:13:55.509
second failure for the new H3 launch


00:13:55.519 --> 00:13:57.990
vehicle. It also failed on its maiden


00:13:58.000 --> 00:14:00.310
flight back in March 2023 when the


00:14:00.320 --> 00:14:03.110
second stage engine failed to ignite.


00:14:03.120 --> 00:14:05.110
But in between, there have been six


00:14:05.120 --> 00:14:07.910
successful launch missions. The H3


00:14:07.920 --> 00:14:09.590
rocket is designed to replace the


00:14:09.600 --> 00:14:12.150
earlier H2A workhorse of Japan's growing


00:14:12.160 --> 00:14:13.990
space industry, which has had a near


00:14:14.000 --> 00:14:17.030
perfect success record. The new H3 is


00:14:17.040 --> 00:14:19.030
meant to be more modular and more cost


00:14:19.040 --> 00:14:21.910
effective in the global space market.


00:14:21.920 --> 00:14:39.189
This is spacetime.


00:14:39.199 --> 00:14:41.030
And time now to take another brief look


00:14:41.040 --> 00:14:42.550
at some of the other stories making news


00:14:42.560 --> 00:14:44.310
in science this week with a science


00:14:44.320 --> 00:14:47.350
report. Researchers say both small and


00:14:47.360 --> 00:14:49.590
big increases in social media use


00:14:49.600 --> 00:14:52.150
between the ages of 9 and 13 are linked


00:14:52.160 --> 00:14:54.230
with a lower overall performance in


00:14:54.240 --> 00:14:57.189
tests of cognitive abilities. Findings


00:14:57.199 --> 00:14:58.710
reported in the Journal of the American


00:14:58.720 --> 00:15:01.189
Medical Association tracked increases in


00:15:01.199 --> 00:15:04.470
social media use of some 6,554


00:15:04.480 --> 00:15:06.790
kids over four years, categorizing them


00:15:06.800 --> 00:15:09.910
into three groups. No or very low social


00:15:09.920 --> 00:15:12.870
use, low increasing social use, and high


00:15:12.880 --> 00:15:15.189
increasing social use. The kids


00:15:15.199 --> 00:15:17.670
completed a range of cognitive tests,


00:15:17.680 --> 00:15:19.829
including tests in reading, memory, and


00:15:19.839 --> 00:15:22.470
vocabulary. The authors found that both


00:15:22.480 --> 00:15:24.710
small and big increases in social media


00:15:24.720 --> 00:15:26.870
use were linked to lower scores in all


00:15:26.880 --> 00:15:29.110
these tests. They speculate that it


00:15:29.120 --> 00:15:30.550
could simply be because kids are


00:15:30.560 --> 00:15:32.389
spending more time on social media, they


00:15:32.399 --> 00:15:34.230
end up spending less time on their


00:15:34.240 --> 00:15:36.470
schoolwork.


00:15:36.480 --> 00:15:38.550
A new study is offering fresh insights


00:15:38.560 --> 00:15:40.310
into how two of the world's most popular


00:15:40.320 --> 00:15:42.550
beverages, coffee and tea, influence


00:15:42.560 --> 00:15:45.590
bone health in older women. The research


00:15:45.600 --> 00:15:47.269
reported in the journal Nutrients,


00:15:47.279 --> 00:15:50.069
followed nearly 10,000 women aed 65 and


00:15:50.079 --> 00:15:52.550
older over a decade to explore whether


00:15:52.560 --> 00:15:54.710
their daily habits of sipping coffee or


00:15:54.720 --> 00:15:56.790
tea were in any way linked to changes in


00:15:56.800 --> 00:15:58.949
bone mineral density, a key indicator of


00:15:58.959 --> 00:16:01.749
osteoporosis risk. They found that tea


00:16:01.759 --> 00:16:03.829
drinkers had a slightly higher hipbone


00:16:03.839 --> 00:16:05.829
mineral density, suggesting modest


00:16:05.839 --> 00:16:08.949
benefits for bone health.


00:16:08.959 --> 00:16:11.030
A new study has shown that artificial


00:16:11.040 --> 00:16:13.189
intelligence systems huge massive


00:16:13.199 --> 00:16:15.509
amounts of energy to operate, in fact,


00:16:15.519 --> 00:16:17.509
more energy than it takes to light up


00:16:17.519 --> 00:16:19.670
New York City. A report of the journal


00:16:19.680 --> 00:16:22.389
Patterns claims AI chatbots like Chat


00:16:22.399 --> 00:16:24.389
GTP are environmentally quite


00:16:24.399 --> 00:16:26.310
destructive with a carbon footprint


00:16:26.320 --> 00:16:30.150
between 32.6 six and 79.7 million tons


00:16:30.160 --> 00:16:32.629
of carbon dioxide over a single 12-month


00:16:32.639 --> 00:16:34.949
period. And it's not just pollution and


00:16:34.959 --> 00:16:37.749
greenhouse gases. The findings also show


00:16:37.759 --> 00:16:41.030
AIS consume between 312.5


00:16:41.040 --> 00:16:43.110
and 764.6


00:16:43.120 --> 00:16:45.910
billion L of water every year just for


00:16:45.920 --> 00:16:47.910
cooling.


00:16:47.920 --> 00:16:49.910
Androids and robots will be dominating


00:16:49.920 --> 00:16:51.910
news at the world's biggest consumer and


00:16:51.920 --> 00:16:53.910
electronic show, CES, which will be held


00:16:53.920 --> 00:16:56.310
in Las Vegas next week. With the


00:16:56.320 --> 00:16:57.829
details, we're joined by technology


00:16:57.839 --> 00:17:00.550
editor Alex Harro from Tech Advice


00:17:00.560 --> 00:17:01.590
Startlife.


00:17:01.600 --> 00:17:03.590
>> The past couple of years, of course, has


00:17:03.600 --> 00:17:07.429
been AI, AI, AI. And the thing that has


00:17:07.439 --> 00:17:09.909
always stopped home robots from being


00:17:09.919 --> 00:17:11.189
real, besides the fact that it's


00:17:11.199 --> 00:17:13.510
difficult to make a humanoid robot that


00:17:13.520 --> 00:17:15.669
can, you know, easily glide around, walk


00:17:15.679 --> 00:17:17.669
around, deal with stairs, and have the


00:17:17.679 --> 00:17:19.510
dexterity needed to, you know, handle


00:17:19.520 --> 00:17:22.470
plates or help your seniors or handle


00:17:22.480 --> 00:17:24.870
babies is the fact that you need a robot


00:17:24.880 --> 00:17:27.270
with an AI brain to be able to talk to


00:17:27.280 --> 00:17:30.310
you like a human could, reason, ask


00:17:30.320 --> 00:17:32.310
questions, decide to do things


00:17:32.320 --> 00:17:34.630
autonomously. And so we finally live in


00:17:34.640 --> 00:17:37.510
an era where we have at least LLM AI


00:17:37.520 --> 00:17:39.430
systems that can pretend to think. I


00:17:39.440 --> 00:17:40.870
mean I don't really think they can think


00:17:40.880 --> 00:17:42.870
the way that humans think as yet, but


00:17:42.880 --> 00:17:43.909
you know they show


00:17:43.919 --> 00:17:45.110
>> large language models, right?


00:17:45.120 --> 00:17:46.549
>> Large language model which is a way of


00:17:46.559 --> 00:17:48.150
predicting what the next word will be in


00:17:48.160 --> 00:17:49.430
the answer that it gives you to a


00:17:49.440 --> 00:17:51.590
question you've posed by comparing the


00:17:51.600 --> 00:17:54.789
the words that appear in other answers


00:17:54.799 --> 00:17:56.630
across the entire corpus of the internet


00:17:56.640 --> 00:17:58.150
that it's been able to ingest. And so


00:17:58.160 --> 00:17:59.510
that's not really thinking that's just


00:17:59.520 --> 00:18:01.110
predicting what the next word would be.


00:18:01.120 --> 00:18:03.270
And of course we've seen AI systems get


00:18:03.280 --> 00:18:05.430
things completely wrong very confidently


00:18:05.440 --> 00:18:06.789
giving us incorrect answer and


00:18:06.799 --> 00:18:08.470
hallucinating. And you know if robots


00:18:08.480 --> 00:18:09.510
trying to think whether to put an


00:18:09.520 --> 00:18:11.270
ingredient or use a particular mushroom


00:18:11.280 --> 00:18:13.029
that it may have foraged in your back


00:18:13.039 --> 00:18:15.110
garden that may or may not be uh you


00:18:15.120 --> 00:18:16.789
know poisonous. I mean you'd have to


00:18:16.799 --> 00:18:19.990
really be sure to trust the um AI brain


00:18:20.000 --> 00:18:22.150
that it's doing the right thing recipes


00:18:22.160 --> 00:18:23.909
again. Haven't you?


00:18:23.919 --> 00:18:25.430
Well, the long and the short is that we


00:18:25.440 --> 00:18:27.430
now live in an era where you can have


00:18:27.440 --> 00:18:29.270
robots that have this manual dexterity


00:18:29.280 --> 00:18:31.350
and can look like robots and can handle


00:18:31.360 --> 00:18:33.669
things. I've seen a humanoid style robot


00:18:33.679 --> 00:18:35.270
driving a car, for example. Anything


00:18:35.280 --> 00:18:37.270
that can be handled by a human, if the


00:18:37.280 --> 00:18:39.350
robot looks and acts like a human, then


00:18:39.360 --> 00:18:41.110
it can be handled by that robot. And we


00:18:41.120 --> 00:18:44.630
did see earlier this year the 1x.te


00:18:44.640 --> 00:18:46.950
robot called Neo. And it was a humanoid


00:18:46.960 --> 00:18:48.950
robot of the sort you would expect from


00:18:48.960 --> 00:18:50.630
all the sci-fi dreams. I mean, it looked


00:18:50.640 --> 00:18:52.630
like a human. It could load the washing


00:18:52.640 --> 00:18:54.630
machine full of dishes or clothes. It


00:18:54.640 --> 00:18:56.390
could put clothes into the dryer. Could


00:18:56.400 --> 00:18:58.549
water your plants outside. It could help


00:18:58.559 --> 00:19:00.710
you bring things in from the car. I


00:19:00.720 --> 00:19:02.549
mean, it was a robot of the sort you


00:19:02.559 --> 00:19:04.710
would expect from Sci-Fi. And that robot


00:19:04.720 --> 00:19:07.270
goes on sale for $20,000 or you can


00:19:07.280 --> 00:19:10.789
lease it for $499 a month. Now, CES is


00:19:10.799 --> 00:19:12.549
meant to be all about robots. And I have


00:19:12.559 --> 00:19:14.230
read a number of companies already


00:19:14.240 --> 00:19:15.830
emailing me news saying, "We're going to


00:19:15.840 --> 00:19:17.750
have humanoid robots on display." But


00:19:17.760 --> 00:19:20.390
where is someone like a Samsung or an


00:19:20.400 --> 00:19:23.190
LG? Now, back in I think 2021, we did


00:19:23.200 --> 00:19:25.350
see Samsung had a what looked like a


00:19:25.360 --> 00:19:27.510
tower fan with this arm coming out of


00:19:27.520 --> 00:19:30.150
the top. It was kind of a comical robot


00:19:30.160 --> 00:19:31.750
that looked nothing like the robot you


00:19:31.760 --> 00:19:33.270
would expect, but at least it could move


00:19:33.280 --> 00:19:34.789
around and it had the arm that could do


00:19:34.799 --> 00:19:36.549
things like pack the dishwasher, but it


00:19:36.559 --> 00:19:38.310
was definitely not humanoid. Then we


00:19:38.320 --> 00:19:40.310
have Samsung with its balling, which is


00:19:40.320 --> 00:19:42.950
a bit like the BB-8 from Star Wars,


00:19:42.960 --> 00:19:44.549
except it only had the ball. didn't have


00:19:44.559 --> 00:19:46.070
the top section which was the the head


00:19:46.080 --> 00:19:48.310
with the with the camera as the eye and


00:19:48.320 --> 00:19:50.390
you know that can run roll around and it


00:19:50.400 --> 00:19:51.990
can project things on walls and it can


00:19:52.000 --> 00:19:53.350
help you do things but I mean it's very


00:19:53.360 --> 00:19:56.630
much a nonhumanoid robot. So LG has come


00:19:56.640 --> 00:19:58.630
out just on Christmas day with a press


00:19:58.640 --> 00:20:00.150
release saying that their robot will be


00:20:00.160 --> 00:20:04.789
called LG Cloy C L O I D with I in lower


00:20:04.799 --> 00:20:06.390
case and the rest of the characters in


00:20:06.400 --> 00:20:08.150
uppercase. And so far they've just shown


00:20:08.160 --> 00:20:09.510
a hand. They haven't shown the full


00:20:09.520 --> 00:20:11.190
robot in any of the images they've


00:20:11.200 --> 00:20:12.789
shared. And the hand looks one of like


00:20:12.799 --> 00:20:14.150
one of the hands you'd see on those


00:20:14.160 --> 00:20:16.310
robots from Boston Dynamics or from Elon


00:20:16.320 --> 00:20:18.470
Musk, the the Optimus robots. It's


00:20:18.480 --> 00:20:20.230
obviously a robotic hand. And they're


00:20:20.240 --> 00:20:21.990
saying that this robot is designed to


00:20:22.000 --> 00:20:24.310
perform indoor household tasks. And


00:20:24.320 --> 00:20:26.390
they're calling their vision the zero


00:20:26.400 --> 00:20:29.350
labor home makes quality time. Now this


00:20:29.360 --> 00:20:31.270
is a future where technology helps


00:20:31.280 --> 00:20:33.590
reduce the burden of daily chores of


00:20:33.600 --> 00:20:35.990
housework. And look, we have seen AI


00:20:36.000 --> 00:20:38.149
powered or intelligent washing machines.


00:20:38.159 --> 00:20:39.830
I remember the Fisher and Parkle washing


00:20:39.840 --> 00:20:41.990
machine had some sort of fuzzy logic in


00:20:42.000 --> 00:20:43.750
it systems to know whether it should


00:20:43.760 --> 00:20:45.590
apply more force or less when it's


00:20:45.600 --> 00:20:46.950
washing certain types of clothes. And


00:20:46.960 --> 00:20:48.950
that was around long before AI. I


00:20:48.960 --> 00:20:50.230
remember the Japanese talking about


00:20:50.240 --> 00:20:51.909
fuzzy logic a couple of decades ago,


00:20:51.919 --> 00:20:54.630
which again is an AI kind of move. But


00:20:54.640 --> 00:20:56.549
now we have devices that you can talk


00:20:56.559 --> 00:20:58.310
to. You can talk to your fridge. If you


00:20:58.320 --> 00:20:59.430
have a Samsung fridge, you can say,


00:20:59.440 --> 00:21:01.909
"Hey, Bixby." And ask it to look at the


00:21:01.919 --> 00:21:03.190
ingredients you have in the fridge and


00:21:03.200 --> 00:21:05.430
suggest recipes. And this natural


00:21:05.440 --> 00:21:07.190
language user interface with our


00:21:07.200 --> 00:21:08.870
appliances is going to become more


00:21:08.880 --> 00:21:10.549
common. But the other end of that scale


00:21:10.559 --> 00:21:12.789
is to have humanoid robots that can just


00:21:12.799 --> 00:21:14.870
use the appliances that we use. And


00:21:14.880 --> 00:21:16.390
instead of, you know, having to talk to


00:21:16.400 --> 00:21:17.830
the appliance, you talk to the robot and


00:21:17.840 --> 00:21:19.190
get it to do things. So, you know, this


00:21:19.200 --> 00:21:21.190
robot is built to perform a variety of


00:21:21.200 --> 00:21:23.110
tasks within the home. And look, we will


00:21:23.120 --> 00:21:24.710
talk more about this when I've had a


00:21:24.720 --> 00:21:26.710
chance to see it. And we get to see the


00:21:26.720 --> 00:21:28.710
uh exact image of what it looks like. It


00:21:28.720 --> 00:21:30.630
talks about two articulated arms powered


00:21:30.640 --> 00:21:32.390
by motors and with seven degrees of


00:21:32.400 --> 00:21:34.390
freedom providing motion similar to


00:21:34.400 --> 00:21:36.470
natural mo movements which by natural it


00:21:36.480 --> 00:21:37.750
obviously means human movements and


00:21:37.760 --> 00:21:39.669
there are five individually actuated


00:21:39.679 --> 00:21:41.110
fingers on each hand to provide


00:21:41.120 --> 00:21:43.590
dexterity so that can perform delicate


00:21:43.600 --> 00:21:45.190
and precise tasks that require fine


00:21:45.200 --> 00:21:47.110
motor control. So you can imagine that


00:21:47.120 --> 00:21:50.149
by 2030 these sorts of robots will be on


00:21:50.159 --> 00:21:51.830
sale in the Best Buy and the Harvey


00:21:51.840 --> 00:21:54.230
Normans and JB Highfi and Boots in the


00:21:54.240 --> 00:21:56.070
UK and you know the traditional


00:21:56.080 --> 00:21:58.710
electronics big box department type


00:21:58.720 --> 00:22:00.390
store. They'll be selling these robot


00:22:00.400 --> 00:22:02.070
butlers for your home. I mean they'll


00:22:02.080 --> 00:22:04.390
come with different names. Android Cloyd


00:22:04.400 --> 00:22:06.470
I mean the problem with the word droids


00:22:06.480 --> 00:22:08.070
is that that is actually a term that's


00:22:08.080 --> 00:22:10.630
licensed to Lucasfilm because of the


00:22:10.640 --> 00:22:13.029
droids that are in Star Wars. So, we're


00:22:13.039 --> 00:22:14.630
yet to see what's going to happen there,


00:22:14.640 --> 00:22:16.870
but I'm sure people will have real life


00:22:16.880 --> 00:22:19.190
R2-D2 style robots, except much less


00:22:19.200 --> 00:22:21.510
clumsier and much less dense than uh


00:22:21.520 --> 00:22:23.590
C3PO appear to be at times, much less


00:22:23.600 --> 00:22:26.149
annoying. But this should be common


00:22:26.159 --> 00:22:26.950
place.


00:22:26.960 --> 00:22:28.549
>> Well, that's right. You want C3PO


00:22:28.559 --> 00:22:30.470
because he is a humanoid robot. But if


00:22:30.480 --> 00:22:33.430
you had an R2-D2 that could move around,


00:22:33.440 --> 00:22:35.270
sort of glide around that, but then


00:22:35.280 --> 00:22:37.909
could grow arms as needed to be able to


00:22:37.919 --> 00:22:39.510
help you with things and even lift


00:22:39.520 --> 00:22:41.510
itself up, couldn't have a robot that


00:22:41.520 --> 00:22:42.710
>> they couldn't walk downstairs.


00:22:42.720 --> 00:22:44.390
>> Well, that is one of the problems. And


00:22:44.400 --> 00:22:46.470
in fact, I have heard on the quiet from


00:22:46.480 --> 00:22:48.549
one of the vacuum cleaner makers, they


00:22:48.559 --> 00:22:50.070
have a robot that can go up and


00:22:50.080 --> 00:22:52.710
downstairs properly. So, I'm being told


00:22:52.720 --> 00:22:55.909
and yes, the Daleks and also R2-D2, they


00:22:55.919 --> 00:22:57.430
couldn't go upstairs. And there was an


00:22:57.440 --> 00:22:59.510
episode of Doctor Who where the Dalek


00:22:59.520 --> 00:23:01.430
did have jets and could fly up the


00:23:01.440 --> 00:23:04.390
stairs. And in the original u prequel


00:23:04.400 --> 00:23:05.990
trilogy, not the original trilogy, but


00:23:06.000 --> 00:23:07.510
in the prequel trilogy, I think in the


00:23:07.520 --> 00:23:09.110
middle movie, there was a moment where


00:23:09.120 --> 00:23:11.350
Archer Dichu did indeed fly to


00:23:11.360 --> 00:23:12.549
>> here. Little jets. Yeah,


00:23:12.559 --> 00:23:13.909
>> little jets. But those sorts of jets


00:23:13.919 --> 00:23:15.669
won't be appearing in robots anytime


00:23:15.679 --> 00:23:16.870
soon for the home because you can


00:23:16.880 --> 00:23:18.549
imagine those jets are going to blow air


00:23:18.559 --> 00:23:20.549
everywhere or if they are jets that have


00:23:20.559 --> 00:23:23.750
uh you know the won't be happy. I mean,


00:23:23.760 --> 00:23:25.350
not with dust. Well, Roomba's actually


00:23:25.360 --> 00:23:27.190
gone out of I think Roomba's gone out of


00:23:27.200 --> 00:23:28.470
business. Um, I mean, they've been


00:23:28.480 --> 00:23:30.070
bought by by somebody else, but they're


00:23:30.080 --> 00:23:31.750
one of the original robot vacuum cleaner


00:23:31.760 --> 00:23:33.190
companies that no longer exist. So,


00:23:33.200 --> 00:23:34.950
we've seen cons consolidation all over


00:23:34.960 --> 00:23:36.950
the place, but having a robot, which is


00:23:36.960 --> 00:23:38.630
something Apple has spoken of as well,


00:23:38.640 --> 00:23:41.350
but this next 5 years is going to see


00:23:41.360 --> 00:23:43.830
robots and AI, which is basically a


00:23:43.840 --> 00:23:45.590
computer on either legs or wheels,


00:23:45.600 --> 00:23:47.830
become autonomous and mobile and a true


00:23:47.840 --> 00:23:49.590
robot sidekick. It's going to be


00:23:49.600 --> 00:23:50.870
something we'll see over the next 5


00:23:50.880 --> 00:23:52.149
years that's going to change the world.


00:23:52.159 --> 00:23:55.110
That's Alex Aarovit from techadvice.life


00:23:55.120 --> 00:23:58.690
and this is spacetime


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>> You've been listening to Spacetime with


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