Gravity Questions, Cosmic Energy & Hidden Galaxies | Space Nuts: Astronomy Insights & Cosmic...

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Language: en

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Hi there. This is Space Nuts Q&A. My


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name is Andrew Dunley. Great to have


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your company. Coming up on this episode,


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we'll answer questions from Steve, Gus,


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and Nick. Uh Steve and Gus are sort of


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focused on the same thing, gravity.


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Steve wants to know if it can exist


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without mass. Uh and and Gus is talking


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about gravity and energy, and what's the


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relationship? And Nick is asking about


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galaxy movements, and are any moving


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towards us that we can't see yet?


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Well, we don't know. We can't see them


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yet. Uh, but we'll see if we can tackle


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all of that on this episode of Space


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Nuts.


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>> 15 seconds. Guidance is internal. 10 9


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Ignition sequence start.


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>> Space nuts.


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>> 5 4 3 2


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>> 1 2 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1


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>> Space Nuts.


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>> Astronauts report. It feels good.


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>> Here he is again. Professor Fred Watson.


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Hello, Fred. Hello, Andrew. Hello. How


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are you doing now?


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>> I'm doing the same as I was before.


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>> How about you?


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>> Uh, well, I'm I'm still doing the same


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as I was before. Yes, that's right. And


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I hope to be doing the same again very


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soon.


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>> Yes, indeed. Yes. Shall we just sort of


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muck in and get these questions sorted


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out? I I it was a like a couple of weeks


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ago we we had um gravity questions


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coming in thick and fast. Uh no black


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hole questions but today it's gravity


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questions this


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>> and our first our first one comes from


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Steve.


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>> Hi guys, my name is Steve. I'm uh from


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New Zealand. Um really enjoy your show.


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recently read a article


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implying that uh gravity could be


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possible without mass


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and um I'm wondering if that would be uh


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another alternative explanation uh to um


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uh to dark matter and to uh Mond.


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Yeah, I don't know if that makes it very


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clear to you. Anyway, thanks. All right.


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Uh Steve, thanks for the question.


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Gravity without mass. Well, I doubt that


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uh we can turn to the Catholic Church


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because they do they do have mass. Um


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but


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[Music]


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terrible. Uh it's an interesting


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question though. It is. And um so yeah,


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my reading on this, excuse me, is is


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yes. Um that's correct. So, uh, actually


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there's a nice thread about this on


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Reddit if anybody looks at that website.


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>> I do. And, uh, well, I love Reddit.


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>> Yeah.


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I'm really, well, I do remember my, uh,


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one of my sons was an absolute Reddit


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fiend at one time. He was very much um,


00:03:00.400 --> 00:03:04.070
a Reddit fan. Uh, now, so that's how I


00:03:04.080 --> 00:03:05.990
was aware of it. But um, but I haven't


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been a great user of Reddit. But the


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bottom line, excuse me, is


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um and and this is the way is phrased in


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this particular conversation. If you


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increase the temperature


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of an object and they take a planet in


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this case uh and in fact I might just


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read it uh because this kind of is quite


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interesting.


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and


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take your Neptune you take your


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Neptunian planet something the size of


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Neptune raise the temperature by 300°


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Kelvin instantly now the mass of Neptune


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is about 10 26 kg and if we roughly


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assume all its hydrogen uh uh


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corresponds to about 6 * 10 52 particles


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of hydrogen uh it's the thermal energy


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is roughly given by an equation there E=


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NT


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uh uh which leads to an increase in


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thermal energy


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uh of da d and it's a large number of


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jewels um actually it's a small number


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of jewels it's k * 6 * 10 - 52 * 300


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jewels


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uh which um if you then convert that so


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so what what this is saying is you you


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you warm up a planet you get an increase


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uh in the thermal energy of that planet.


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You can then use E= MC² to convert that


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thermal energy into mass and in this


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case it comes out to be something like 3


00:04:40.880 --> 00:04:47.110
* 10 15 kg which is a lot but uh is not


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very much in comparison with a planet.


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Uh but that does mean that adding energy


00:04:53.199 --> 00:04:55.189
to something will increase its


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gravitational mass. Now um the Steve's


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sort of uh you know um next step in the


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argument from that is whether that could


00:05:06.400 --> 00:05:08.790
be misleading us in the idea of dark


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matter and things of that sort. Um and


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uh I I can't really get my head around


00:05:15.759 --> 00:05:18.950
how that would work. Um he mentioned M


00:05:18.960 --> 00:05:21.749
as well the modified Newtonian dynamics.


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Uh because my understanding is that


00:05:25.120 --> 00:05:28.390
everybody who looks at these


00:05:28.400 --> 00:05:30.390
particular problems what is dark matter?


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What is dark energy? They take into


00:05:32.639 --> 00:05:35.830
account everything. Uh I've read some of


00:05:35.840 --> 00:05:39.510
the papers on this. And so things like


00:05:39.520 --> 00:05:41.830
um you know gravitational


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uh gravitational influence of of pure


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energy and in this case we're talking


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about heat energy. Uh that uh is likely


00:05:52.080 --> 00:05:54.070
to be something that would be already in


00:05:54.080 --> 00:05:56.230
the equations. Um so I don't think it's


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the answer but it's a really interesting


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suggestion and an interesting thing to


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think about. Uh so thank you very much


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Steve.


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>> Yeah indeed. um just made me wonder, are


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we increasing Earth's gravity because


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we're heating the planet up?


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>> Yep, that's probably right. Um that I


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mean the the example that uh I just read


00:06:17.360 --> 00:06:20.469
out was about three t 300


00:06:20.479 --> 00:06:23.990
300° Kelvin, an instant uh increase in


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that. We're talking about one or two


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degrees Kelvin. uh but uh which makes a


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big difference to the earth's atmosphere


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but probably not that much difference to


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its uh you know gravitational potential.


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M okay. So the answer is yes. Gravity


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can exist without mass but it's probably


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not a major factor. Is that fair enough?


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>> Uh yes that is right. Um I just been


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dragging through my memory Andrew


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something else that's sort of vaguely


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related to this. Um which is the and we


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haven't used this name but we did talk


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about it a while ago the cougal blitz.


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And do you know what a cougall blitz is?


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>> Uh look, I've heard this before. Uh no,


00:07:10.800 --> 00:07:11.670
remind me.


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>> Yeah. So it's it basically is uh a black


00:07:15.599 --> 00:07:18.629
hole made of light. Uh it's and


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Wikipedia says it's a concentration of


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heat, light, or radiation so intense


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that its energy forms an event horizon


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and becomes selftrapped. In other words,


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if enough radiation is aimed into a


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region of space, the concentration of


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energy can walk spaceime so much that it


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creates a black hole. It's a black hole.


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It is a black hole whose original mass


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energy was in the form of radiant energy


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rather than matter.


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Uh now um there is a paper that was


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published in


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2024


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that concludes that a phenomenon like


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this cannot occur in any realistic


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scenario within our universe. So cougal


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blitzes are a theoretical entity that


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are not are thought not to occur in


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nature. Uh but it is a similar thing


00:08:07.280 --> 00:08:09.029
isn't it? It's a it basically it's a


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it's a black hole made of energy.


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>> Yeah. Wow, that's really interesting. I


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tell you something else that does exist


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is a Google Scriber. So, so


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I've got one of those. Have you?


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>> Yeah, there it is.


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>> It's a pen. It's German.


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>> Hold it up. Ah, okay.


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>> Cougle scriber.


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>> A cougriber.


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>> Yes.


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>> Do you know what German is? You know


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what the German is for pencil?


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>> Uh, I probably did once, but I don't


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now. That's


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>> bliff blift.


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>> All right.


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>> It's probably


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I only I did languages at high school


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and I was very good at them and I should


00:08:48.880 --> 00:08:50.310
have probably pursued that somewhere


00:08:50.320 --> 00:08:52.550
along the line, but German stuck with


00:08:52.560 --> 00:08:55.750
me. I some of the references I still


00:08:55.760 --> 00:08:57.269
remember today. Someone's going to


00:08:57.279 --> 00:08:58.630
correct me now because I'd probably


00:08:58.640 --> 00:09:01.190
bugger it up the pronunciation.


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>> Anyway,


00:09:02.640 --> 00:09:03.110
>> that's all right.


00:09:03.120 --> 00:09:04.870
>> I'm just showing off now. No, it's a


00:09:04.880 --> 00:09:07.269
it's a side of your character that I was


00:09:07.279 --> 00:09:11.190
unaware of. Um, Andrew, I um, curiously,


00:09:11.200 --> 00:09:14.710
I uh never joined never joined Lurman at


00:09:14.720 --> 00:09:17.509
school. I never learned German at


00:09:17.519 --> 00:09:22.790
school. Um, but, uh, uh, when I was 14,


00:09:22.800 --> 00:09:25.110
uh, I went on a school exchange to


00:09:25.120 --> 00:09:27.509
Germany, which was bar because I wasn't


00:09:27.519 --> 00:09:29.590
studying German, but that that was my


00:09:29.600 --> 00:09:31.670
first overseas visit, of course, from


00:09:31.680 --> 00:09:34.949
the United Kingdom. Um, and so I've


00:09:34.959 --> 00:09:38.949
spent the the however many years it is,


00:09:38.959 --> 00:09:41.350
60 odd years since then, trying to learn


00:09:41.360 --> 00:09:43.190
German.


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And um, yeah.


00:09:45.600 --> 00:09:48.710
>> Yeah. Look, I'm so jealous of students


00:09:48.720 --> 00:09:50.870
in countries like the United States and


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the UK and Europe because they get to do


00:09:53.360 --> 00:09:55.430
excursions to other countries. In


00:09:55.440 --> 00:09:57.829
Australia, we got to do excursions to


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Sydney and Canra. I mean, come on.


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That was it.


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>> Yeah,


00:10:04.160 --> 00:10:06.230
>> that was as good as it got for us.


00:10:06.240 --> 00:10:06.710
>> Yeah.


00:10:06.720 --> 00:10:08.550
>> I mean, these days they get to go to New


00:10:08.560 --> 00:10:11.590
Zealand once in a while. Um, but yeah,


00:10:11.600 --> 00:10:13.590
we we're so far from everywhere, it's


00:10:13.600 --> 00:10:15.269
just not easy. Although, my son did go


00:10:15.279 --> 00:10:17.509
to go get to do a couple of weeks in


00:10:17.519 --> 00:10:19.269
Japan through high school. So,


00:10:19.279 --> 00:10:19.829
>> there you go.


00:10:19.839 --> 00:10:21.990
>> There are a few options these days.


00:10:22.000 --> 00:10:23.910
>> This is Space Nuts. Andrew Dunley here


00:10:23.920 --> 00:10:28.790
with Professor Fred Watson.


00:10:28.800 --> 00:10:31.670
>> Three, two, one.


00:10:31.680 --> 00:10:33.110
Space nuts.


00:10:33.120 --> 00:10:34.630
>> Uh, we better keep moving. Uh, thank


00:10:34.640 --> 00:10:37.269
you, Steve. Let's get a question from


00:10:37.279 --> 00:10:38.470
Gus.


00:10:38.480 --> 00:10:42.150
>> Hello, Professor Fred and, uh, Andrew.


00:10:42.160 --> 00:10:44.389
This is Gus Iverson from Isiqua,


00:10:44.399 --> 00:10:46.550
Washington. I sent in a question for you


00:10:46.560 --> 00:10:47.910
guys previously, and you thought I was


00:10:47.920 --> 00:10:50.310
in Western Western Australia.


00:10:50.320 --> 00:10:53.910
>> Yes. I I've been thinking about uh uh


00:10:53.920 --> 00:10:57.269
gravity uh today and it it came to my


00:10:57.279 --> 00:11:01.350
mind that if uh energy and mass are


00:11:01.360 --> 00:11:05.350
equivalent then essentially uh shouldn't


00:11:05.360 --> 00:11:09.829
energy also create gravity at some


00:11:09.839 --> 00:11:11.430
level.


00:11:11.440 --> 00:11:14.069
Um I'm not sure if this is a related


00:11:14.079 --> 00:11:17.110
question or or an extension or or a


00:11:17.120 --> 00:11:19.829
separate question though. Um uh


00:11:19.839 --> 00:11:21.590
additionally


00:11:21.600 --> 00:11:25.430
um if a body of of any size is


00:11:25.440 --> 00:11:29.509
generating uh or has mass and it is


00:11:29.519 --> 00:11:33.590
generating a gravitational field,


00:11:33.600 --> 00:11:37.430
does not that field itself


00:11:37.440 --> 00:11:41.350
have energy and mass? And would that


00:11:41.360 --> 00:11:46.470
field not create additional gravity by


00:11:46.480 --> 00:11:48.710
its simple existence?


00:11:48.720 --> 00:11:53.269
So, if that's the case, or even kind of


00:11:53.279 --> 00:11:55.829
the case, my question is where does the


00:11:55.839 --> 00:12:00.870
energy and mass go if if um or


00:12:00.880 --> 00:12:03.990
uh I I I have no idea where to go with


00:12:04.000 --> 00:12:06.790
this. Thank you. Uh I love love the show


00:12:06.800 --> 00:12:08.550
and appreciate being able to ask


00:12:08.560 --> 00:12:09.590
questions.


00:12:09.600 --> 00:12:11.350
>> Thank you, Gus. Uh that sounded very


00:12:11.360 --> 00:12:14.230
much like something from Catch 22. Yeah.


00:12:14.240 --> 00:12:16.470
Was it was it apples or tomatoes? They


00:12:16.480 --> 00:12:20.310
were trying to I don't know. Um but uh


00:12:20.320 --> 00:12:22.150
yeah, it sounded a bit like that. Um


00:12:22.160 --> 00:12:25.590
gravity plus energy. Body plus mass plus


00:12:25.600 --> 00:12:28.629
gravity equals energy. But then does


00:12:28.639 --> 00:12:31.670
that add mass which adds to gravity? I


00:12:31.680 --> 00:12:32.949
think that's what he was trying to


00:12:32.959 --> 00:12:35.110
>> Yeah, that's right. So So you've got to


00:12:35.120 --> 00:12:37.509
you know the whole thing gets completely


00:12:37.519 --> 00:12:39.829
out of hand cuz everything's got


00:12:39.839 --> 00:12:42.710
gravity. Um I think uh so the first part


00:12:42.720 --> 00:12:44.550
of what Gus was saying is what we've


00:12:44.560 --> 00:12:46.310
just been talking about. You know if you


00:12:46.320 --> 00:12:49.269
put it into energy and mass


00:12:49.279 --> 00:12:52.870
>> um and


00:12:52.880 --> 00:12:55.509
gravitation you got be I probably have


00:12:55.519 --> 00:12:57.030
to be careful with the words


00:12:57.040 --> 00:13:01.590
gravitational gravitation is a potential


00:13:01.600 --> 00:13:03.910
uh an object in a gravitational field


00:13:03.920 --> 00:13:05.829
has potential energy. So, it does have


00:13:05.839 --> 00:13:10.870
energy. Uh, but it I I kind of need to


00:13:10.880 --> 00:13:12.790
take this one and notice. Actually, you


00:13:12.800 --> 00:13:14.389
did give me notice, Andrew, but I didn't


00:13:14.399 --> 00:13:16.389
have time to really look further into


00:13:16.399 --> 00:13:19.990
it. But I think um I think there's a I


00:13:20.000 --> 00:13:21.190
think there's a stumbling block


00:13:21.200 --> 00:13:23.590
somewhere in that argument. Uh, which is


00:13:23.600 --> 00:13:25.829
probably that gravitational energy isn't


00:13:25.839 --> 00:13:29.269
energy that's convertible to mass. Um,


00:13:29.279 --> 00:13:32.069
but I need to get my thoughts clearer on


00:13:32.079 --> 00:13:34.150
that, which they aren't at the moment.


00:13:34.160 --> 00:13:37.509
So Gus, thank you for a very uh tricky


00:13:37.519 --> 00:13:40.389
question uh which um I might think a


00:13:40.399 --> 00:13:43.750
little bit more about uh and


00:13:43.760 --> 00:13:46.230
>> uh perhaps we will revisit it in a


00:13:46.240 --> 00:13:49.829
future episode of Space Notes Q&A.


00:13:49.839 --> 00:13:52.870
>> I put a um I put a homework marker next


00:13:52.880 --> 00:13:53.829
to it.


00:13:53.839 --> 00:13:55.829
>> That's what I'm I'm just doing that. I'm


00:13:55.839 --> 00:13:57.910
doing it. You're doing it in your


00:13:57.920 --> 00:13:59.750
cougal.


00:13:59.760 --> 00:14:02.230
I'm using a red a red cougal scriber.


00:14:02.240 --> 00:14:03.910
Okay.


00:14:03.920 --> 00:14:05.269
I don't know what the German word for


00:14:05.279 --> 00:14:06.550
red is though.


00:14:06.560 --> 00:14:10.310
>> Oh, probably do it on translator.


00:14:10.320 --> 00:14:11.110
>> There you are.


00:14:11.120 --> 00:14:13.269
>> Yeah, there you are. I don't have to


00:14:13.279 --> 00:14:13.829
look it up.


00:14:13.839 --> 00:14:14.710
>> You don't.


00:14:14.720 --> 00:14:15.509
>> Um,


00:14:15.519 --> 00:14:19.430
>> so Gus, um, don't know. We don't know.


00:14:19.440 --> 00:14:22.230
Maybe, possibly. Could be. Don't know.


00:14:22.240 --> 00:14:23.030
>> There's the answer.


00:14:23.040 --> 00:14:23.910
>> Don't yet.


00:14:23.920 --> 00:14:24.949
>> How's that?


00:14:24.959 --> 00:14:28.710
>> Don't don't yet know.


00:14:28.720 --> 00:14:29.670
>> I like that.


00:14:29.680 --> 00:14:29.990
>> Yeah.


00:14:30.000 --> 00:14:32.710
>> Uh, let's um get to the final question.


00:14:32.720 --> 00:14:35.189
We'll get back to you Gus at some stage


00:14:35.199 --> 00:14:37.030
in Western Australia or it could be the


00:14:37.040 --> 00:14:39.189
United States. Uh now we've got a


00:14:39.199 --> 00:14:42.710
question from oh um just by coincidence


00:14:42.720 --> 00:14:46.150
from New Zealand again. Um hi team


00:14:46.160 --> 00:14:47.750
amazing podcast. Which one are you


00:14:47.760 --> 00:14:50.069
talking about now? Uh I have been


00:14:50.079 --> 00:14:51.990
listening since your early days and I've


00:14:52.000 --> 00:14:54.150
always uh looked forward to new uh


00:14:54.160 --> 00:14:56.069
uploads. My question is around the


00:14:56.079 --> 00:14:57.829
discovery of early galaxies from the


00:14:57.839 --> 00:14:59.910
James Webb Space Telescope. Is it


00:14:59.920 --> 00:15:02.550
possible for earlier galaxies to be


00:15:02.560 --> 00:15:04.550
traveling towards us that are currently


00:15:04.560 --> 00:15:07.750
out of reach? Uh filling with uh


00:15:07.760 --> 00:15:11.590
potentially nothing uh uh filling where


00:15:11.600 --> 00:15:13.910
potentially nothing was in view before.


00:15:13.920 --> 00:15:15.990
Uh if possible, would the light be


00:15:16.000 --> 00:15:17.910
compressed? How would the instruments


00:15:17.920 --> 00:15:20.230
deal with that? Hope that makes sense.


00:15:20.240 --> 00:15:25.269
Cheers, Nick from Oakland, New Zealand.


00:15:25.279 --> 00:15:27.030
Now, my brain just went, well, I suppose


00:15:27.040 --> 00:15:29.030
it's possible, but how do we prove it?


00:15:29.040 --> 00:15:30.389
until it happens.


00:15:30.399 --> 00:15:32.870
>> Yes. So, uh, couple of things in here.


00:15:32.880 --> 00:15:35.829
Um, thanks Nick. Great question. The


00:15:35.839 --> 00:15:38.150
last bit about light being compressed.


00:15:38.160 --> 00:15:41.269
So, um, and in a way that's, you know,


00:15:41.279 --> 00:15:43.189
that's, um, quite a nice way of putting


00:15:43.199 --> 00:15:45.189
it. So, anything that comes toward you


00:15:45.199 --> 00:15:47.509
that's emitting light, it's light will


00:15:47.519 --> 00:15:49.590
be blue shifted. In other words,


00:15:49.600 --> 00:15:52.389
>> it's wavelength will get shorter. And,


00:15:52.399 --> 00:15:55.189
and that's saying it's compressed is


00:15:55.199 --> 00:15:56.790
pretty well, you know, that's pretty


00:15:56.800 --> 00:15:59.590
well what happens. It's like uh um you


00:15:59.600 --> 00:16:02.389
know the the the good old uh ambulance


00:16:02.399 --> 00:16:04.310
siren or fire engine siren or whatever


00:16:04.320 --> 00:16:06.790
it is coming towards you uh which


00:16:06.800 --> 00:16:09.110
compresses the uh the sound waves and


00:16:09.120 --> 00:16:11.189
the result is an increase in pitch which


00:16:11.199 --> 00:16:12.550
corresponds to a shortening of


00:16:12.560 --> 00:16:15.509
wavelength. So that's standard physics


00:16:15.519 --> 00:16:18.629
we we can detect uh by the Doppler shift


00:16:18.639 --> 00:16:21.110
anything coming towards us uh by the


00:16:21.120 --> 00:16:22.629
fact that it light is shifted towards


00:16:22.639 --> 00:16:27.350
the blue end of the spectrum. Um but um


00:16:27.360 --> 00:16:30.550
the the first bit of the question about


00:16:30.560 --> 00:16:32.230
galaxies


00:16:32.240 --> 00:16:36.230
earlier galaxies traveling towards us um


00:16:36.240 --> 00:16:38.069
we


00:16:38.079 --> 00:16:41.509
we when we think about galaxies we have


00:16:41.519 --> 00:16:43.030
two


00:16:43.040 --> 00:16:45.749
two different velocities involved. One


00:16:45.759 --> 00:16:48.710
is the velocity of a galaxy as it's


00:16:48.720 --> 00:16:50.470
carried along by the expansion of the


00:16:50.480 --> 00:16:54.150
universe. uh and that is what we measure


00:16:54.160 --> 00:16:57.189
as a red shift. Uh the expansion of the


00:16:57.199 --> 00:16:59.430
universe is carrying galaxies away from


00:16:59.440 --> 00:17:01.269
us and so their light is being


00:17:01.279 --> 00:17:04.470
redshifted. Uh and by the time you get


00:17:04.480 --> 00:17:06.390
to these really early galaxies where


00:17:06.400 --> 00:17:09.189
you're looking back uh almost the whole


00:17:09.199 --> 00:17:11.350
edge of the universe, the red shift is


00:17:11.360 --> 00:17:13.750
very considerable. It's a factor of 13


00:17:13.760 --> 00:17:15.429
or 14 something like that. We're given


00:17:15.439 --> 00:17:18.390
the name zed. Uh the red shift is about


00:17:18.400 --> 00:17:21.189
14. So, um, a big part, no, that's not


00:17:21.199 --> 00:17:23.990
true. Uh, that's that's me confusing the


00:17:24.000 --> 00:17:27.189
age with the red shift. Forget that bit.


00:17:27.199 --> 00:17:29.190
But the the numbers quite high. The red


00:17:29.200 --> 00:17:30.630
shifts are probably five or six or


00:17:30.640 --> 00:17:32.630
something like that. Uh, but it's still


00:17:32.640 --> 00:17:35.029
it's still a a high level of the, you


00:17:35.039 --> 00:17:36.870
know, the light being stretched out by


00:17:36.880 --> 00:17:38.549
the expansion of the universe. So,


00:17:38.559 --> 00:17:41.590
that's one velocity, but galaxies can


00:17:41.600 --> 00:17:44.710
have a superimposed on that a velocity


00:17:44.720 --> 00:17:47.029
which we call a peculiar motion, its own


00:17:47.039 --> 00:17:50.630
velocity. uh caused by local, you know,


00:17:50.640 --> 00:17:53.750
local edies in space or whatever uh that


00:17:53.760 --> 00:17:56.150
that might um move a galaxy towards us.


00:17:56.160 --> 00:17:58.789
It's the gravitational field that it's


00:17:58.799 --> 00:18:02.310
exposed to. Very much like um the the


00:18:02.320 --> 00:18:04.150
analog is always a river carrying you


00:18:04.160 --> 00:18:06.470
along. Uh and if you're in a rowbo, you


00:18:06.480 --> 00:18:08.310
can move relative to the river, but the


00:18:08.320 --> 00:18:09.750
river is always carrying you along.


00:18:09.760 --> 00:18:11.110
That's exactly what's happening with the


00:18:11.120 --> 00:18:13.350
Hubble flow, the the expansion of the


00:18:13.360 --> 00:18:15.590
universe. And these peculiar motions are


00:18:15.600 --> 00:18:17.110
superimposed on that, but they're much


00:18:17.120 --> 00:18:18.390
much less


00:18:18.400 --> 00:18:22.710
>> than the motion uh at those distances or


00:18:22.720 --> 00:18:24.789
look back times. It's much much less


00:18:24.799 --> 00:18:27.990
than the expansion flow of the universe.


00:18:28.000 --> 00:18:29.990
So no, there won't be anything hidden


00:18:30.000 --> 00:18:31.750
from us that's coming towards us. I


00:18:31.760 --> 00:18:33.190
don't think it's a interesting


00:18:33.200 --> 00:18:35.750
suggestion, but uh everything's moving


00:18:35.760 --> 00:18:37.510
away from us at this very high velocity


00:18:37.520 --> 00:18:39.830
at those distances.


00:18:39.840 --> 00:18:41.669
>> Of course. Um, Nick, if you want to


00:18:41.679 --> 00:18:43.750
check with us in a million years or so,


00:18:43.760 --> 00:18:45.669
we might have an alternative answer.


00:18:45.679 --> 00:18:47.750
>> Well, that's true. Uh, put that in your


00:18:47.760 --> 00:18:49.830
diary and we'll we'll uh I'll I'll mark


00:18:49.840 --> 00:18:51.669
it with an asterisk knowing that it's


00:18:51.679 --> 00:18:54.310
homework for a million years time.


00:18:54.320 --> 00:18:58.230
>> Yes, it's good. Um, and I'm really


00:18:58.240 --> 00:18:59.750
disappointed that the people who make


00:18:59.760 --> 00:19:06.150
diaries haven't gone ahead that far yet.


00:19:06.160 --> 00:19:08.470
>> Thanks, Nick. Um, probably not, I think,


00:19:08.480 --> 00:19:11.590
is the the answer. Um, but thanks for


00:19:11.600 --> 00:19:13.029
the question. Thanks to everyone who


00:19:13.039 --> 00:19:14.630
sent in questions. Keep them coming. You


00:19:14.640 --> 00:19:15.830
can do that via our website,


00:19:15.840 --> 00:19:18.789
spacenutspodcast.com, spacenuts.io,


00:19:18.799 --> 00:19:22.470
which has two options. The AMA tab at


00:19:22.480 --> 00:19:23.909
the top where you can send us text and


00:19:23.919 --> 00:19:27.350
audio or the send us your questions uh


00:19:27.360 --> 00:19:28.870
button on the right hand side of our


00:19:28.880 --> 00:19:30.950
home screens. Don't forget to tell us


00:19:30.960 --> 00:19:32.870
who you are and where you're from. And


00:19:32.880 --> 00:19:34.710
you can probably upload your audio


00:19:34.720 --> 00:19:36.230
questions on any device as long as


00:19:36.240 --> 00:19:38.549
you've got a microphone and mobile


00:19:38.559 --> 00:19:40.710
phones are perfect for this. Uh but a


00:19:40.720 --> 00:19:42.870
lot of people have home computers with


00:19:42.880 --> 00:19:45.830
mics built in, etc., etc., etc. Always


00:19:45.840 --> 00:19:48.470
happy to hear from you. Uh Fred, thanks


00:19:48.480 --> 00:19:50.070
so much. We're done with another


00:19:50.080 --> 00:19:52.070
episode. Jeez, we're them up.


00:19:52.080 --> 00:19:53.669
>> We are wrapping them up. Good to talk to


00:19:53.679 --> 00:19:56.950
you, Andrew. And we'll speak again soon.


00:19:56.960 --> 00:19:58.710
>> Indeed, we will. Professor Fred Watson,


00:19:58.720 --> 00:20:00.630
astronomer at large. And thanks to Hugh


00:20:00.640 --> 00:20:04.150
in the studio for collecting


00:20:04.160 --> 00:20:05.990
not much, but uh we thank him anyway.


00:20:06.000 --> 00:20:07.750
And from me, Andrew Dunley, thanks for


00:20:07.760 --> 00:20:09.510
your company. See you on the very next


00:20:09.520 --> 00:20:11.990
episode of Space Nuts. Bye-bye.


00:20:12.000 --> 00:20:13.029
>> Space Nuts.


00:20:13.039 --> 00:20:15.110
>> You've been listening to the Space Nuts


00:20:15.120 --> 00:20:17.350
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00:20:17.360 --> 00:20:20.310
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