Galactic Wonders, Record Launches, and Cometary Intrigue: S03E246

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Language: en

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welcome to astronomy daily your daily


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dose of space and astronomy news I'm


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your host Anna and today as we close out


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2024 we've got an exciting lineup of


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stories from Stellar explosions to


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perfect planetary systems and upcoming


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cometary visitors to get a started let's


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take a look at the latest stunning image


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from our most venerable space-based


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telescope the Hubble Space Telescope has


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captured another breathtaking image this


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time showcasing the Galaxy Lita 2


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2057 located approximately 650 million


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Lighty years away in the constellation


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Gemini what makes this observation


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particularly special is the presence of


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a spectacular Supernova explosion


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designated as SN 2024 Pi which was first


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detected in January


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2024 in the image you can spot the


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Supernova as a pale blue dot just below


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and to the right of the Galaxy's core


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creating a striking contrast against the


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Galaxy ethereal spiral Arms This


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snapshot taken about 6 weeks after its


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initial discovery shows the Supernova


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significantly dimmer than at its peak


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brightness what's fascinating about SN


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2024 Pi is that it's classified as a


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type IIA Supernova which occurs through


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a remarkable process involving a white


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dwarf star these white dwarfs are


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essentially the crystallized cores of


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stars that were originally less massive


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than eight times our sun they're


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incredibly dense objects object s


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packing roughly the mass of our sun into


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a sphere the size of Earth with surface


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temperatures exceeding 100,000


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de the formation of this type of


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supernova requires a specific set of


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circumstances the white dwarf must be


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part of a binary star system where it


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can siphon material from its Stellar


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companion when the white dwarf


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accumulates too much mass it reaches a


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critical point where it can no longer


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support itself this triggers a


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catastrophic chain of runaway nuclear


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fusion resulting in an explosion so


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bright it can be observed across vast


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distances of space this process is


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particularly interesting because it


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represents the eventual fate of many


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stars in our galaxy including our own


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Sun though not all will end in such


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spectacular explosions the discovery and


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observation of supern noi like SN 2024


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pii help astronomers better understand


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Stellar Evolution and the fundamental


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processes that shape our


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universe next up 2024 has proven to be a


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record-breaking year for space launches


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with an unprecedented 259 orbital


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missions successfully placing over 2,700


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payloads into orbit and Beyond SpaceX


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dominated the landscape with an


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astounding 134 launches accounting for


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85% of all payloads delivered to space


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including more than 1,900 starlink


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satellites the United States and China


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emerged as the primary launch providers


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together handling 80% of all orbital


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traffic


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the US LED with 54% of launches while


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China maintained a strong presence with


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26% despite launching more missions than


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in 2023 China matched its previous


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year's success rate of 65 orbital


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missions following an anomaly with their


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final lian1 rocket launch rocket lab


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showed impressive growth achieving 16


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successful missions a 60% increase from


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their previous year meanwhile Russia's


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launch activities continued their


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gradual decline


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ending the year with 17 flights India


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and Europe each conducted a handful of


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missions but are positioning themselves


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for increased activity in


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2025 the final quarter of 2024 was


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particularly intense featuring a


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record-breaking streak of 14 launches


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within just 7 days during November and


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December averaged nearly one launch per


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day with 30 orbital attempts SpaceX


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achieved several significant Milestones


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including their 400th orbital launch in


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October


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and their 400th Falcon 9 flight in


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November looking ahead to 2025 the space


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industry shows no signs of slowing down


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blue origin is preparing for the highly


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anticipated debut of their new Glenn


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heavy lift launch vehicle while SpaceX


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continues to expand their starlink


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constellation and Commercial launch


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Services these developments signal an


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exciting new chapter in space


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exploration with increasing launch


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Cadence and capabilities across the


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industry the year's achievement M ments


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demonstrate not just the growing


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commercialization of space but also the


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incredible reliability and efficiency of


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modern launch systems setting new


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standards for what's possible in space


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access and orbital


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operations while on the subject of


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successful launches India's space


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program has marked another significant


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Milestone with the successful launch of


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their space docking experiment known as


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spedex the mission lifted off on


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December 30th from the sadish Dawan


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Space Center aboard a polar satellite


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launch vehicle carrying two specialized


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spacecraft designed to test crucial


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docking


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Technologies the mission features two


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220 kg spacecraft a chaser and a Target


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placed into precise 475 km circular


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orbits these spacecraft are equipped


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with advanced technology including a low


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impact docking system laser range


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finders and sophisticated sensors to


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enable precise orbital Maneuvers what


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makes this mission particularly


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noteworthy is its role in India's


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broader space Ambitions the technology


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being tested is essential for India's


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gagan program which aims to make India


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only the fourth Nation capable of


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independent human space flight the first


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crude Mission under this program is


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scheduled for 20126 following uncrewed


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test flights planned for


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2025 but the implications extend beyond


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human space flight these docking


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capabilities will be crucial for India's


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ambitious chreon 4 lunar Mission


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targeted for 2027 or 2028 this Mission


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plans to collect samples from the moon's


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South Pole and return them to Earth a


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feat that requires precise orbital


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docking Maneuvers to transfer the


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precious lunar samples from the ascent


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vehicle to the return


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spacecraft the mission's secondary


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payload module poem 4 carried 24


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different experiments including


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Innovative Technologies like a walking


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robotic arm a debris capture system and


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various research modules this


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demonstrates indiaan commitment to


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maximizing the scientific value of each


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launch while advancing their


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technological


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capabilities the successful deployment


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of both spacecraft marks just the


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beginning of this experimental Mission


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the actual docking maneuver scheduled


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for early January will be the true test


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of these new capabilities if successful


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it will represent a major step forward


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in India's journey toward becoming a


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complete space fairing


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Nation 2024 proved to be a particularly


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challenging year for NASA with several


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dramatic developments testing the


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agency's resilience and problemsolving


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capabilities perhaps most notably what


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began as a routine Mission turned into


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an Extended Stay aboard the


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International Space Station for


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astronauts Sunni Williams and Butch


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Wilmore their Boeing Starliner


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spacecraft encountered issues with


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helium leaks and Thruster problems


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during its approach to the iss leading


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NASA to make the cautious decision to


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return the spacecraft empty leaving the


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crew stranded until at least February


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2025 in an ironic twist these Boeing


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test pilots will ultimately return home


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aboard a SpaceX Dragon spacecraft


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extending their intended three-month


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mission to 8 and a half months this


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situation highlighted the ongoing


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challenges in developing reliable


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commercial crew transportation systems


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on Mars we witnessed the Bittersweet end


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of an extraordinary Mission as the


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Ingenuity helicopter made its final


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flight on January 18th while its Crash


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Landing marked the conclusion of its


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Journey


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Ingenuity had far exceeded all


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expectations completing 71 flights over


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nearly 3 years when it was originally


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designed for just a handful of


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demonstrations over 30 days this small


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1.8 kg helicopter proved that powered


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flight was possible in Mars's extremely


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thin atmosphere equivalent to Earth's


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atmosphere at 880,000


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FT the Europa Clipper Mission faced its


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own dramatic challenges just months


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before launch Engineers discovered


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hundreds of potentially compr


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transistors that might not withstand


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Jupiter's intense radiation belts after


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4 months of round-the-clock testing they


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found a workable Solution by maintaining


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the transistors at room temperature


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though this required additional power


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from the spacecraft's massive solar


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panels in a final dramatic turn one of


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the most intense Gulf of Mexico


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hurricanes ever recorded threatened the


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mission's launch fortunately the storm


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weakened as it crossed Florida allowing


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the spacecraft to launch successfully y


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during a backup


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window the Europa Clipper is now on


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route to its 2025 Mars flyby which will


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help Propel it toward its ultimate


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destination at Jupiter all in all quite


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a challenging year for


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NASA now on to an exciting Discovery


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located just 105 light years away in the


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constellation coma baranis astronomers


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have discovered a remarkable star system


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that's been dubbed mathematically


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perfect the Star HD


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110067 hosts six exoplanets that orbit


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in an incredibly synchronized dance


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locked together by gravitational forces


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in a precise Cosmic choreography while


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this Celestial ballet initially


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suggested a mature well-established


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system new research has dramatically


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revised our understanding of its age


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previous estimates using traditional


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Stellar aging methods placed the system


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at around 8 billion years old however a


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fresh analysis of the Stars activity


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levels and rotation rate suggests it's


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actually much younger only about 2.5


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billion years old the team reached this


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conclusion by examining telltale signs


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of Stellar youth including higher levels


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of ionized calcium in the Stars


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atmosphere and a faster rotation rate


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compared to older stars like our sun HD


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110067 completes one rotation in about


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20 Earth days while our more elderly sun


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takes at least 27 days indicating this


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star is still in its relative youth this


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discovery of the system younger age has


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important implications for potential


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habitability while the six known planets


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orbit too close to their parent star to


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support Life as we know it there could


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be additional undiscovered planets in


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more temperate zones however the star's


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younger age means it's likely still


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producing intense radiation that could


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make life challenging on any world's


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orbiting within its habitable zone what


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makes this system particularly


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fascinating is how quickly its planets


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achieved their perfect orbital resonance


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rather than requiring billions of years


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of gradual settling researchers now


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believe this synchronized orbital


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pattern may have established itself in


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as little as 1 billion years through


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gravitational interactions between the


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planets as we look ahead to early 2025


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skywatchers have an exciting visitor to


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anticipate Comet Atlas officially


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designated c224 G3 is making its way


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toward the inner solar system and could


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provide quite a spectacle particularly


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for observers in the southern hemisphere


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the comet is scheduled to reach its


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closest approach to the sun on January


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13th


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2025 coming within a mere 8.3 million


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miles of our star to put that in


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perspective that's significantly closer


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than Mercury's closest approach to the


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sun this close encounter means the comet


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could potentially shine as brightly as


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Venus in our night sky however this


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extremely close solar approach comes


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with risks for the comet itself while


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analysis of its orbital path suggests it


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previously visited the inner solar


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system about 160,000 years ago there's


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no guarantee it will survive this


00:12:05.880 --> 00:12:08.150
encounter the intense heat from such a


00:12:08.160 --> 00:12:10.069
close solar pass could potentially cause


00:12:10.079 --> 00:12:12.910
the comet to break apart if Atlas does


00:12:12.920 --> 00:12:15.110
survive its solar encounter observers in


00:12:15.120 --> 00:12:16.949
the southern hemisphere will be ideally


00:12:16.959 --> 00:12:18.949
positioned to view it in the Western sky


00:12:18.959 --> 00:12:21.269
after Sunset the timing isn't perfect


00:12:21.279 --> 00:12:23.629
though as the full moon on January 13th


00:12:23.639 --> 00:12:25.509
will create some interference but


00:12:25.519 --> 00:12:27.790
viewing conditions should improve each


00:12:27.800 --> 00:12:29.590
subsequent evening as the Moon Rises


00:12:29.600 --> 00:12:31.870
later the comet was first spotted on


00:12:31.880 --> 00:12:34.949
April 5th 2024 by the asteroid


00:12:34.959 --> 00:12:37.829
terrestrial impact last alert system or


00:12:37.839 --> 00:12:40.910
Atlas which gives the comet its name


00:12:40.920 --> 00:12:43.069
like many of its kind it originates from


00:12:43.079 --> 00:12:46.150
the ort Cloud that vast sphere of icy


00:12:46.160 --> 00:12:49.069
bodies surrounding our solar system


00:12:49.079 --> 00:12:50.910
whether it survives its close encounter


00:12:50.920 --> 00:12:53.590
with the Sun or not Comet Atlas promises


00:12:53.600 --> 00:12:55.310
to provide an interesting start to the


00:12:55.320 --> 00:12:57.780
astronomical calendar of 2025


00:12:57.790 --> 00:12:59.470
[Music]


00:12:59.480 --> 00:13:01.230
and that brings us to the end of today's


00:13:01.240 --> 00:13:03.990
episode of astronomy daily thank you for


00:13:04.000 --> 00:13:05.509
joining me on this journey through the


00:13:05.519 --> 00:13:07.670
latest developments in space exploration


00:13:07.680 --> 00:13:10.069
and astronomical discoveries if you want


00:13:10.079 --> 00:13:11.949
to stay up toate with all the latest


00:13:11.959 --> 00:13:14.430
space and astronomy news head over to


00:13:14.440 --> 00:13:17.389
astronomy daily. where our Newsfeed is


00:13:17.399 --> 00:13:19.069
constantly updating with the freshest


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stories from across the


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cosmos while you're there you can also


00:13:22.920 --> 00:13:25.590
catch up on all our previous episodes


00:13:25.600 --> 00:13:26.990
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00:13:38.839 --> 00:13:41.150
is Anna wishing you a happy New Year and


00:13:41.160 --> 00:13:42.910
signing off until tomorrow's Cosmic


00:13:42.920 --> 00:13:45.269
update keep looking up there's always


00:13:45.279 --> 00:13:46.670
something amazing happening in our


00:13:46.680 --> 00:13:53.100
universe


00:13:53.110 --> 00:13:59.350
[Music]


00:13:59.360 --> 00:14:00.910
all


00:14:00.920 --> 00:14:07.470
[Music]