From Pole to Pole with Fram2, Artemis 2’s New Emblem, Lunar Energy Solutions

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Language: en

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welcome to Astronomy Daily your source


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for the latest space exploration news


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i'm your host Anna and we have a busy


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episode for you today with some truly


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fascinating developments from across the


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cosmos and our ongoing efforts to


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explore it we'll be taking you on board


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with the SpaceX Framm 2 astronauts as


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they make history orbiting Earth from


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pole to pole and share their remarkable


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views from space then we'll look at


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NASA's newly unveiled Artemis 2 mission


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patch as the agency prepares to return


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humans to lunar orbit spacex has also


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achieved a significant milestone with


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their Superheavy booster bringing us


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closer to full rocket


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reusability plus we'll explore how


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Moondust could become a power source for


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future lunar settlements and dive into


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Spin Launch's ambitious plans to deploy


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hundreds of satellites with a single


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launch


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so strap in for a journey through the


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latest and greatest in space exploration


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right here on Astronomy Daily first up


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let's get an update on a story we've


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been covering this week the SpaceX Framm


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2 mission is making headlines as the


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first ever crew to orbit Earth from pole


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to pole giving us a completely new human


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perspective of our planet now in their


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third day aboard the Crew Dragon


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Resilience the four-person crew has been


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sharing breathtaking footage of their


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journey including unique views of the


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Arctic and Antarctica that no human has


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witnessed firsthand until now in videos


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posted to social media mission commander


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Chun Wang and his crewmates captured


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incredible moments circling the globe


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every 90 minutes one particularly


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striking clip shows the spacecraft


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flying over Florida's Space Coast where


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they were able to zoom in on their own


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launchpad at Kennedy Space Center you


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can hear the excitement in their voices


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as they exclaim "I can see our launchpad


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from here." Followed by Wong's


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enthusiastic response "It is our launch


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pad oh my god." The historic crew


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consists of Malty's cryptocurrency


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billionaire Chun Wong who's funding the


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mission along with three spaceflight


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rookies Jennica Mickelson of Norway


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Rabia Raga of Germany and Eric Phillips


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of Australia they launched aboard


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Resilience on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket


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from launch complex 39A this past Monday


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wong shared details about their


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experience describing the Falcon 9


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liftoff as surprisingly smooth the crew


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has been keeping busy with various


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activities including ham radio


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transmissions capturing X-ray images and


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even hosting a movie night where they


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rewatched their own launch they've


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documented spectacular sites including


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massive storm systems swirling over ice


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covered regions and what they identified


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as Norway's islands during a video call


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shown in their latest footage medical


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officer Eric Phillips spoke with his son


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in Los Angeles mentioning they would be


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splashing down tomorrow indicating a


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return to Earth on Friday this aligns


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with the mission's scheduled duration of


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3 to 5 days when Resilience does return


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it will mark another milestone as the


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first of SpaceX's crude missions to


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splash down in the Pacific Ocean off


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California's coast representing a shift


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in the company's recovery operations


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away from Florida the world will be


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watching as these pioneering polar


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explorers complete their historic


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journey and bring home unprecedented


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perspectives of our


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planet after five decades without a


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moonbound crew insignia NASA has


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officially unveiled the Aremis 2 mission


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patch representing humanity's long


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awaited return to lunar


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exploration revealed just yesterday this


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emblem will be worn by the four


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astronauts scheduled to journey around


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the moon no later than April 2026


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the distinctive patch shares the same


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outline as NASA's broader Artemis


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program emblem featuring the letter A


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with a red trajectory line forming its


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crossbar symbolizing the path between


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Earth and our lunar neighbor what makes


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this patch particularly meaningful is


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its central artwork depicting Earth Rise


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the iconic image first captured by


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Apollo 8 astronauts in 1968 when humans


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initially ventured to lunar orbit


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according to the crew's official


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description the scene of the Earth and


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the Moon represents the dual nature of


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human space flight both equally


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compelling the moon represents our


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exploration destination focused on


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discovery of the unknown the Earth


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represents home focused on the


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perspective we gain when we look back at


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our shared planet and learn what it is


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to be uniquely human the patch notably


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designates the mission as AI signifying


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not just the second major Artemis flight


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but what the crew describes as an


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endeavor of discovery that seeks to


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explore for all and by all this


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inclusive message reflects the historic


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nature of the crew itself which consists


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of NASA astronauts Reed Wiseman serving


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as commander Victor Glover as pilot


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Christina Ko as mission specialist and


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Canadian Space Agency astronaut Jeremy


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Hansen also as mission specialist


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hansen's inclusion is particularly


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significant as he'll become the first


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non-American to travel to the moon he's


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already revealed his personal mission


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patch featuring indigenous art honoring


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Canada's original explorers artemis 2


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will mark several historic firsts the


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inaugural crude test flight of NASA's


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space launch system rocket and Orion


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spacecraft humanity's first lunar


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mission since Apollo 17 in 1972 and


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possibly the farthest humans have ever


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traveled from Earth the astronauts will


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journey more than 600,000 m as they loop


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around the moon before returning home


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paving the way for future Aremis


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missions that aim to establish a


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sustainable human presence on the lunar


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surface


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next up while SpaceX continues working


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through challenges with Starship's upper


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stage the company has just reached a


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remarkable milestone with the rocket's


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massive first stage booster yesterday


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morning at their Starbase facility in


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South Texas SpaceX successfully test


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fired a previously flown Superheavy


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booster for the first time ever with a


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spectacular 8-second burn that sent a


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dramatic plume of orange exhaust across


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the launch site this particular booster


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designated booster 14 first launched in


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January reaching the edge of space


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before returning to Earth now it's


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poised to fly again with SpaceX


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confirming it will power the next


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Starship test flight of the booster's 33


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methane fueled Raptor engines 29 are


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flight proven making this a significant


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step toward what SpaceX describes as


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their ultimate goal of zero touch


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reflight the Superheavy booster is truly


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an engineering marvel standing taller


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than a Boeing 747 jumbo jet positioned


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vertically it generates nearly 17


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million pounds of thrust twice the power


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of NASA's legendary Saturn 5 rocket that


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sent astronauts to the moon it's


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arguably the most complex rocket booster


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ever constructed and certainly the


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largest what makes this rapid turnaround


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particularly impressive is the contrast


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with SpaceX's first Falcon 9 booster


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reuse back in 2017 that process required


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nearly a year of thorough inspections


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refurbishment and cross-country


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transportation between facilities


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booster 14 meanwhile is on track to fly


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again less than 3 months after its


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initial launch unlike the Falcon 9 which


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uses landing legs to touch down at a


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separate location Superheavy is caught


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by mechanical arms at the launch tower


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as it returns a technique SpaceX calls


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the chopstick catch this approach


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eliminates the need for landing legs and


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potentially allows for much faster


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turnaround between flights the speedy


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reuse progress is especially noteworthy


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given Superheavyy's scale and complexity


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compared to Falcon 9 with 33 engines


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instead of nine there are theoretically


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more potential failure points yet SpaceX


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has achieved seven consecutive


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successful Superheavy launches and has


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recovered three boosters in four recent


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attempts this rapid progress with


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booster reusability is crucial for


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SpaceX's ambitious Starship program


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especially considering NASA's reliance


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on the system for future Artemis lunar


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landings when fully operational multiple


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Starship launches will be required to


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refuel lunar landers in orbit before


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they can journey to the moon making


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quick and reliable reuse absolutely


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essential moon dust is quickly becoming


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one of space exploration's most


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versatile materials in an exciting new


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breakthrough scientists have now


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demonstrated that lunar regalith the


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technical term for the dust and


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fragmented material covering the moon's


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surface can be transformed into


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functioning solar cells a team led by


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Felix Lang from the University of


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Pottsdam in Germany has successfully


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turned simulated lunar dust into solar


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panels potentially solving a critical


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power generation challenge for future


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lunar settlements from extracting water


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for fuel to building houses with lunar


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bricks scientists have been finding ways


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to use moon dust Lang explained now we


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can turn it into solar cells too


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possibly providing the energy a future


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moon city will need the process is


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surprisingly straightforward the


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researchers melted simulated lunar


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regalith to create what they call


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moonlass which can be accomplished on


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the moon simply by focusing natural


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sunlight to achieve the necessary high


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temperatures this moonlass is then


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combined with perovskite a crystallin


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material commonly used in solar cells


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that absorbs sunlight and excites


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electrons to generate electric current


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manufacturing solar cells on the moon


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offers significant advantages over


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transporting earthmade panels


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traditional solar cells incorporate


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glass that adds considerable weight to


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launch payloads dramatically increasing


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costs by using local lunar materials


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scientists estimate they could reduce


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transport weight by an impressive


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99% the moonlass based cells have


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another unexpected benefit standard


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glass tends to brown in space reducing


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efficiency as it blocks incoming


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sunlight however moononglass already has


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a natural brown tint from impurities in


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the regalith which actually prevents


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further browning it's also more


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resistant to space radiation a critical


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factor in the harsh lunar


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environment while the current efficiency


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of these glass solar cells sits at


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around 10% considerably lower than the


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30 to 40% efficiency of premium


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space-based solar panels lang's team


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believes they can improve this to 23% by


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removing certain impurities even at


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lower efficiency the ability to


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mass-roduce these cells directly on the


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lunar surface makes them extremely


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practical you don't need ultraefficient


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30% solar cells you just make more of


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them on the moon Lang noted this


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approach could be particularly valuable


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at the lunar south pole where permanent


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sunlight and nearby water ice deposits


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make it an ideal location for a


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sustainable moon base some challenges


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remain including how low gravity might


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affect the moonlass formation process


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and how perovsky solvents might behave


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in vacuum conditions to address these


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questions the research team proposes a


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smallcale lunar mission to test the


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solar cells in actual lunar conditions


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potentially unlocking a power source


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that could sustain humanity's long-term


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presence on our celestial neighbor


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finally today in the realm of space


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innovation Spin Launch is turning heads


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with its ambitious plans for a new


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broadband satellite constellation called


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Meridian Space what makes this project


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particularly revolutionary is the


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company's vision for deployment they aim


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to launch up to 250 micro satellites in


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a single mission a feat that would


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shatter the current record of 143


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satellites launched at once set by


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SpaceX's Transporter 1 mission in 2021


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this satellite network recently secured


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$12 million in funding from Kongsburg


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Nanoavionics to develop and


00:11:49.519 --> 00:11:50.990
commercialize these specialized


00:11:51.000 --> 00:11:53.509
spacecraft according to their timeline


00:11:53.519 --> 00:11:55.350
we could see the first onorbit


00:11:55.360 --> 00:11:57.790
demonstrator as early as


00:11:57.800 --> 00:12:00.710
2026 the flat stackable design of these


00:12:00.720 --> 00:12:03.269
satellites is key to fitting so many on


00:12:03.279 --> 00:12:05.750
a single launch vehicle with images


00:12:05.760 --> 00:12:07.910
showing them neatly arranged at top one


00:12:07.920 --> 00:12:11.350
another eric Lie president of Kongsburg


00:12:11.360 --> 00:12:13.750
Defense and Aerospace has emphasized


00:12:13.760 --> 00:12:15.590
that the Meridian Space Constellation


00:12:15.600 --> 00:12:17.750
will provide significantly higher


00:12:17.760 --> 00:12:19.509
broadband capacity in a satellite


00:12:19.519 --> 00:12:21.430
constellation compared with what is


00:12:21.440 --> 00:12:23.069
available on the market


00:12:23.079 --> 00:12:26.470
today meanwhile David Ren Spin Launch's


00:12:26.480 --> 00:12:29.030
CEO noted that NanoAvionics modular


00:12:29.040 --> 00:12:31.350
satellite platforms offer a reliable


00:12:31.360 --> 00:12:33.190
foundation to scale our constellation


00:12:33.200 --> 00:12:35.509
quickly and confidently


00:12:35.519 --> 00:12:37.190
what truly sets Spin Launch apart


00:12:37.200 --> 00:12:39.110
however is their unconventional approach


00:12:39.120 --> 00:12:41.750
to reaching orbit the company is


00:12:41.760 --> 00:12:44.389
developing a massive 108t long spinning


00:12:44.399 --> 00:12:46.310
arm that works as a centrifuge


00:12:46.320 --> 00:12:47.829
accelerating launch vehicles to


00:12:47.839 --> 00:12:49.350
tremendous speeds before literally


00:12:49.360 --> 00:12:51.670
flinging them skyward once these


00:12:51.680 --> 00:12:53.829
vehicles reach sufficient altitude they


00:12:53.839 --> 00:12:55.990
ignite their engines dramatically


00:12:56.000 --> 00:12:58.470
reducing the fuel and hardware required


00:12:58.480 --> 00:13:01.030
to achieve orbit this isn't just


00:13:01.040 --> 00:13:03.670
theoretical technology nasa has already


00:13:03.680 --> 00:13:05.670
partnered with Spin Launch signing an


00:13:05.680 --> 00:13:08.230
agreement in 2022 for a demonstration


00:13:08.240 --> 00:13:10.069
that successfully launched experiments


00:13:10.079 --> 00:13:12.870
from NASA Airbus and Cornell University


00:13:12.880 --> 00:13:15.430
to suborbital space using the centrifuge


00:13:15.440 --> 00:13:17.750
method while it remains unclear whether


00:13:17.760 --> 00:13:19.030
Spin Launch will use their own


00:13:19.040 --> 00:13:21.030
revolutionary system to deploy the first


00:13:21.040 --> 00:13:23.590
Meridian Space Demonstrator or opt for a


00:13:23.600 --> 00:13:25.910
traditional rocket launch their approach


00:13:25.920 --> 00:13:27.750
represents a fundamental rethinking of


00:13:27.760 --> 00:13:30.629
how we access space potentially making


00:13:30.639 --> 00:13:32.629
satellite deployment more economical and


00:13:32.639 --> 00:13:35.629
environmentally sustainable than ever


00:13:35.639 --> 00:13:37.990
before that wraps up today's edition of


00:13:38.000 --> 00:13:40.310
Astronomy Daily from the historic


00:13:40.320 --> 00:13:42.150
pole-to-pole orbit of the Framm 2


00:13:42.160 --> 00:13:43.990
mission to SpaceX's breakthrough in


00:13:44.000 --> 00:13:46.389
Superheavy booster reuse we've covered


00:13:46.399 --> 00:13:47.910
some remarkable developments in


00:13:47.920 --> 00:13:50.710
humanity's ongoing exploration of space


00:13:50.720 --> 00:13:52.710
the Aremis program continues to progress


00:13:52.720 --> 00:13:54.470
toward returning humans to the lunar


00:13:54.480 --> 00:13:56.870
surface while innovative approaches to


00:13:56.880 --> 00:13:58.949
utilizing moon dust for solar power


00:13:58.959 --> 00:14:00.870
could revolutionize our future presence


00:14:00.880 --> 00:14:03.110
there and Spin Launch's ambitious


00:14:03.120 --> 00:14:05.110
satellite deployment plans show how


00:14:05.120 --> 00:14:07.269
rapidly space technology continues to


00:14:07.279 --> 00:14:09.990
evolve i'm Anna and I've been your host


00:14:10.000 --> 00:14:12.230
for this cosmic journey whether you're


00:14:12.240 --> 00:14:14.069
fascinated by the technical achievements


00:14:14.079 --> 00:14:16.870
of rocket reusability intrigued by the


00:14:16.880 --> 00:14:18.629
possibilities of lunar settlements or


00:14:18.639 --> 00:14:20.750
simply love gazing at our planet from


00:14:20.760 --> 00:14:23.110
space I hope today's stories have


00:14:23.120 --> 00:14:24.350
captured your


00:14:24.360 --> 00:14:26.389
imagination don't forget to visit our


00:14:26.399 --> 00:14:27.470
website at


00:14:27.480 --> 00:14:29.350
astronomydaily.io where you can sign up


00:14:29.360 --> 00:14:31.189
for our free daily newsletter and listen


00:14:31.199 --> 00:14:33.670
to all our back episodes you can also


00:14:33.680 --> 00:14:35.750
connect with us across social media by


00:14:35.760 --> 00:14:37.670
searching for Astro Daily Pod on


00:14:37.680 --> 00:14:41.430
Facebook X YouTube YouTube Music


00:14:41.440 --> 00:14:43.750
Instagram and Tik Tok thanks for joining


00:14:43.760 --> 00:14:45.750
me today on Astronomy Daily until


00:14:45.760 --> 00:14:47.350
tomorrow keep looking up and wondering


00:14:47.360 --> 00:14:49.110
about the vast universe that surrounds


00:14:49.120 --> 00:14:51.710
us astronomy


00:14:51.720 --> 00:15:00.710
day stories be told


00:15:00.720 --> 00:15:03.010
stories to tell


00:15:03.020 --> 00:15:10.620
[Music]