Firefly’s Lunar Journey, Pandora’s Exoplanet Quest, and Cosmic Signals: S04E36

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[Music]


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welcome to astronomy daily I'm your host


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Anna bringing you today's top stories in


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space and astronomy news from lunar


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missions and mysterious space signals to


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safety concerns about NASA's emis


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program we've got a packed show for you


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so let's get straight into it exciting


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developments are unfolding in lunar


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exploration as Firefly aerospace's Blue


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Ghost lunar lander has successfully


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begun its Journey To The Moon after


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launching aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9


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rocket on January 15th the spacecraft


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has now performed crucial trans lunar


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injection burn Breaking Free from


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Earth's gravitational pole following


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this major Milestone Blue Ghost executed


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a precise trajectory correction maneuver


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to refine its path toward lunar orbit


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the spacecraft will spend approximately


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16 days in lunar orbit giving fireflies


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team time to calibrate their navigation


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systems and conduct initial science


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operations before attempting their


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Landing the mission's target Landing


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site is mar Chisum or the Sea of Christ


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es a vast Basin on the moon's near side


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as part of NASA's commercial lunar


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payload Services Program Blue Ghost is


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carrying several scientific instruments


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designed to advance our understanding of


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the lunar environment these experiments


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include subsurface drilling equipment


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sample collection tools and instruments


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for x-ray Imaging of Earth's magnetic


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field the mission will also Test new


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dust mitigation Technologies a crucial


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capability for future lunar operations


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this commercial mission represents


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another significant step in NASA's


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strategy of partnering with private


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companies to expand lunar exploration


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capabilities if successful Blue Ghost


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will join a growing list of commercial


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vehicles helping to pave the way for


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sustained human presence on the


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moon in other NASA news today NASA has


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taken another step forward in its quest


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to understand Distant Worlds by


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selecting Space X to launch an


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Innovative new exoplanet research


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Mission the Pandora spacecraft a small


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but sophisticated Observatory is


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scheduled to launch as soon as this


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September as part of NASA's astrophysics


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Pioneers program this compact Explorer


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featuring a 45 cm telescope equipped


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with both Optical and infrared detectors


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has been specifically designed to solve


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one of the most pressing challenges in


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exoplanet research its primary Mission


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will focus on studying 20 carefully


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selected stars that we already know host


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planets


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what makes Pandora particularly special


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is its role as a calibration instrument


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the telescope will help scientists


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determine whether certain signatures we


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detect in exoplanet atmospheres are


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truly indicators of compounds like


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hydrogen and water or if they're


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actually being caused by variations in


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the host Stars themselves as Dr Alisa


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Quintana Pandora's principal


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investigator explains stars are not


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uniform light sources this variability


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can make it difficult to to accurately


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interpret what we're seeing when we


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study exoplanet atmospheres Pandora's


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observations will help us better


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understand and account for these Stellar


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effects the spacecraft has already


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reached an important Milestone with the


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completion of its bus structure the


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mission will operate from a sun


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synchronous orbit where it will spend a


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full year conducting its careful study


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of these distant planetary systems


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helping us better understand the nature


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of Worlds beyond our solar


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system staying with NASA in a


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significant development for NASA's


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Artemis program the Aerospace safety


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advisory panel has released its annual


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report expressing serious concerns about


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the ambitious timeline for returning


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humans to the moon the panel led by


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former NASA astronaut Lieutenant General


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Susan J Helms while acknowledging NASA's


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impressive progress has highlighted


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several critical safety challenges that


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need addressing the report specifically


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points to the extraordinary technical


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hurdles facing Artemis 3 the mission


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plan to return humans to the lunar


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Surface by mid


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2027 of particular concern is the


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compressed schedule for completing


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multiple firsttime technical


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achievements with the panel suggesting


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that the accumulated risk might be too


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high under the current


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timeline among the most pressing


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challenges identified are the complex


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procedures for delivering and storing


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cryogenic fuel in orbit the critical


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mating procedures between the Orion


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spacecraft and the human Landing system


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and the safe execu ution of lunar


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descent and Ascent


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operations these elements all represent


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unprecedented technical challenges that


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the panel believes require more thorough


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testing and


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validation the panel is also monitoring


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ongoing investigations into the Orion


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capsules heat shield performance


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following the Artemis 1 Mission while


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corrective actions have been implemented


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for future heat shields the panel plans


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to conduct a detailed review of these


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modifications in early 2025 to ensure


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crew safety adding to these technical


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concerns is the impact of persistent


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budget uncertainty the panel emphasizes


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that Congressional delays in providing


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definitive Appropriations are


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significantly hampering NASA's ability


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to effectively plan and execute these


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highly complex missions this financial


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ambiguity not only escalates development


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risks but could potentially create


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operational risks down the line the


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report concludes that while returning to


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the Moon remains a critical stepping


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stone in developing human interplanet


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Ary travel capabilities NASA must


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carefully balance its ambitious goals


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with thorough safety


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considerations the agency faces what the


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panel describes as a myriad of daunting


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budgetary industrial


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geopolitical Technical and health


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challenges that must be systematically


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addressed to ensure Mission


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success scientists are buzzing with


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excitement and curiosity over a


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mysterious x-ray signal detected by


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China's Einstein probe earlier this year


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the signal designated ep2


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448a has left astronomers scratching


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their heads as it doesn't match any


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known patterns of cosmic events during


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its commissioning phase the Einstein


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probe detected around 60 very strong


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transient celestial objects and nearly a


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thousand potential transients but this


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particular signal stood out from the


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rest when the spacecraft's follow-up


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x-ray telescope observed The Source less


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than 2 days after its initial detection


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researchers quickly mobilized nearly 20


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different telescopes across multiple


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wavelengths to study the phenomenon what


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makes this signal particularly


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intriguing is that it was primarily


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visible in x-rays with most other


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telescopes unable to detect it in other


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wavelengths the burst lasted somewhere


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between 7 and 23 days placing it in an


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unusual temporal Sweet Spot too long to


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be a fast x-ray burst but too short to


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be typical of Galactic nuclei events two


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independent research teams have proposed


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different explanations for this Cosmic


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mystery one team suggests it might be an


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extremely rare type of title disruption


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event where a star is torn apart by a


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black hole's gravitational forces


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however the lack of radio frequency


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emissions makes this explanation


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challenging to confirm the alternative


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theory proposed by the second team is


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even more exciting ep2


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448a might represent an entirely new


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class of cosmic events they suggest this


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could be the first detection of an


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intermediate time scale phenomenon that


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previous surveys may have missed by


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focusing on either very short or very


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long duration events as the Einstein


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probe continues its Mission astronomers


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are eagerly anticipating the discovery


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of similar events that could help solve


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this Cosmic puzzle this mysterious


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signal serves as a reminder that even


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with our Advanced understanding of the


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universe there are still new phenomena


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waiting to be discovered and


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explained next let's take a look at the


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launch calendar for this week space


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launch activities are ramping up this


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week with several significant missions


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on the schedule China is preparing for a


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milestone launch with the debut flight


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of their upgraded Chong Jong 8 rocket


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from the wenchong space launch site this


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new variant features a more powerful


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second stage and can deliver up to 8,100


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kg to low earth orbit representing a


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significant boost in China's launch


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capabilities meanwhile SpaceX continues


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its ambitious star L deployment schedule


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with three launches planned from


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Florida's Cape Canaveral space force


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station these missions will lift off on


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February 11th 14th and 17th maintaining


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the company's remarkable launch Cadence


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each Mission will carry a mix of


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standard starlink V2 mini satellites and


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specialized direct to cell satellites


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further expanding their Global


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Communications Network the rapid


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turnaround time between launches at


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space launch complex 40 highlights space


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efficient ground operations the company


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is aiming to surpass last year's record


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of 134 Falcon family launches with a


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potential Target of up to 180 flights in


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2025 as of early February the


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operational starlink constellation has


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grown to nearly 7,000 satellites


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including over 400 direct to sell units


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of particular interest is the February


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17th launch which will demonstrate a new


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recovery profile the Falcon 9 booster


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will will perform a unique flip maneuver


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after stage separation and land on a


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drone ship stationed near the Bahamas


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opening up new orbital trajectories for


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future Florida launches this operation


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follows successful negotiations with


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Bahamian authorities who will receive


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starlink connectivity for schools and


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First Responders as part of the


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agreement these launches underscore the


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growing commercialization of space and


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the increasing pace of orbital


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activities with both established players


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and new entrance ramping up their oper


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ations were witnessing an unprecedented


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era in space launch frequency and


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capability finally today the European


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space agency's uclid Space Telescope has


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made an extraordinary Discovery during


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its Mission verification phase its first


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Einstein ring and it's a perfect Cosmic


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Circle this stunning gravitational lens


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was found by chance just two months


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after the telescope's launch in July


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20123 as it began its ambitious mission


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to map the Dark Universe the ring was


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created by light from a distant Galaxy


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being bent around NGC


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655 a Galaxy about 590 million light


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years from Earth what makes this


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discovery particularly special is how


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close NGC


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655 is to us it's rare to find such a


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nearby Galaxy acting as a strong


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gravitational lens the light forming the


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ring has been traveling for an


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incredible 4.4 billion years meaning it


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began its Journey when our solar system


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was in its infancy


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scientists have nicknamed this


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phenomenon altieri's lens after its


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Discoverer Bruno Altieri the perfect


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circular shape of the Einstein ring


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required an extraordinarily precise


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alignment between the source Galaxy the


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lensing Galaxy and our telescope in fact


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researchers estimate that uclid might


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find only about 20 such perfect Rings


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during its entire Mission but beyond its


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visual Beauty this Einstein ring serves


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as a powerful scientific tool by


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analyzing how the background Galaxy's


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light is distorted researchers have made


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precise measurements of NGC


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655 Mass distribution including its Dark


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Matter content surprisingly they found


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that dark matter makes up only 11% of


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the Galaxy's Central Mass a striking


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contrast to the universe's overall Dark


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Matter content of about


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85% this discovery demonstrates ID's


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extraordinary capabilities in


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investigating the Dark Universe while


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perfect Einstein Rings may be r rare the


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telescope is expected to discover over


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100,000 other gravitational lenses


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during its Mission helping create the


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most detailed map ever of both visible


00:12:08.800 --> 00:12:10.550
and dark matter distribution across


00:12:10.560 --> 00:12:12.069
Cosmic


00:12:12.079 --> 00:12:14.189
time thanks for joining me today on


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Tok I'm Anna and I'll see you tomorrow


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for more fascinating stories from the


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[Music]


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so