Europe’s Rocket Revolution, Lunar Magnetic Mysteries, and Black Hole Paradox Solved: S03E241

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Language: en

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welcome to astronomy daily your source


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for the latest space and astronomy news


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I'm Anna and today we've got a


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fascinating lineup of stories covering


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everything from European space


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developments to lunar discoveries and


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the mysteries of black holes in today's


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episode we'll explore major developments


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in Europe's space industry dive into a


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groundbreaking new constellation


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resource examine surprising findings


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from China's Chang six moon mission look


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at a possible solution to a


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long-standing black hole Paradox and


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discuss an intriguing proposal for


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satellite defense in space so let's get


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underway the European space industry has


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been making remarkable progress this


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year with several key developments


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reshaping the continent's launch


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capabilities ariani space kicked off


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2024 with a milstone achievement the


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successful maen launch of their ariani 6


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rocket from French Guana in July this


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marks a crucial transition as arani 6


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takes over from its predecessor the


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ariani 5 as Europe's primary heavy lift


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vehicle


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the Vega program has also seen


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significant advancement after nearly 2


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years of standing down the Vega sea


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rocket made a triumphant return to


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flight successfully deploying The


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Sentinel 1C Earth observation satellite


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this success has led to ambitious


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expansion plans with EA signing new


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contracts with Avio to increase Vegas's


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flight frequency and accelerate


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development of its successor the Vega e


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several emerging players are bringing


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fresh Innovation to the European space


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sector


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German company High impulse is


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pioneering hybrid rocket technology


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using an environmentally friendly


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combination of paraffin based Fuel and


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liquid oxygen their successful launch of


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the sr75 sounding rocket earlier this


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year has paved the way for their orbital


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launcher


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development meanwhile uk-based orex has


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made strategic moves by announcing plans


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to relocate their launch operations to


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sax oford Spaceport in Shetland


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streamlining their path to achieving


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First Flight of their Proxima rocket in


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25 this reorganization allows them to


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focus resources on developing their


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Innovative medium-class launcher the


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industry is seeing a clear Trend toward


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reusability with Spanish company plld


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space leading the charge following their


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successful mura 1 Test Flight they've


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unveiled plans for a partially reusable


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Miura 5 rocket and announced an


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ambitious new family of launchers called


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Mira next setting the stage for Europe's


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entry into the reusable rocket


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Market next next up a gift for you this


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holiday season for stargazers and


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astronomers alike an exciting new


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resource has just been unveiled through


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a collaboration between nsf's Noir lab


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and the European space agency this


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comprehensive Digital Collection brings


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together stunning high resolution images


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of all 88 officially recognized


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constellations that fill our night sky


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at the heart of this collection are


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spectacular photographs captured by


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German astrophotographer eard slowick


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using an Innovative technique that


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combines filtered and unfiltered


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exposures these images beautifully


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showcase the natural colors of the Stars


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while maintaining remarkable Clarity and


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detail the entire collection has been


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seamlessly stitched together into an


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interactive all Sky Map that allows


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users to explore the celestial sphere in


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unprecedented detail what makes this


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resource particularly valuable is its


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educational depth each constellation


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entry comes with extensive background


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information


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including its historical Origins and


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mythology traditional stick figure


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patterns are provided alongside


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practical finder charts to help


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observers locate these star patterns in


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the night sky The Collection also


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features detailed information about


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prominent deep Sky objects within each


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constellation's boundaries this project


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addresses a common challenge for


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astronomers the fact that no single


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location on Earth can view all 88


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constellations for instance observers at


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midn Northern latitude miss out on


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roughly 14 complete constellations and


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get only partial views of another 15


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throughout the year this digital


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resource finally brings the entire


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celestial sphere Within Reach of anyone


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with an internet connection the timing


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of this release is particularly


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significant as it comes exactly 100


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years after the international


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astronomical Union first standardized


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the 88 constellations we recognize today


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this modern Digital Atlas serves as a


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fitting tribute to that historic


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achievement while making these Celestial


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patterns accessible to a new generation


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of Sky Watchers if you'd like to check


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it out I'll leave a link in the show


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notes for


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you remarkable findings from China's cha


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six lunar Mission are reshaping our


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understanding of the moon's magnetic


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history scientists analyzing Basalt


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samples from the moon's Far Side have


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discovered evidence of an unexpected


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surge in lunar magnetic field strength


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approximately 2.8 billion years ago this


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discovery is particular ularly


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significant because it challenges our


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previous assumptions about the moon's


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magnetic Evolution the samples which


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represent the first ever paleomagnetic


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data from the lunar Far Side Show


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magnetic field strengths ranging from 5


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to 21 micro Teslas during this period to


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put this in perspective that's


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substantially stronger than what


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scientists previously believe possible


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at this point in lunar history what


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makes this finding so intriguing is its


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timing


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prior to this discovery researchers


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thought the moon's magnetic Dynamo had


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entered a quiet phase around 3.1 billion


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years ago instead these samples reveal


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that the moon's interior remained


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remarkably active and dynamic well into


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its middle years the research team led


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by Professor Rick xiangju at the Chinese


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Academy of Sciences suggests this


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magnetic Resurgence might have been


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driven by several mechanisms one


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possibility involves a basil magma ocean


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at the moon's core mantle boundary


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another theory points to pressional


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forces while core crystallization


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processes might have also played a role


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these findings don't just tell us about


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the moon's magnetic field they provide


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crucial insights into the thermal and


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geological evolution of our Celestial


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neighbor the data suggest that the


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moon's deep interior remained hot and


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geologically active far longer than


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previously thought forcing us to


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reconsider our models of lunar


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Evolution this breakthrough also


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highlights the importance of sampling


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different regions of the Moon until now


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our understanding has been based


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primarily on samples from the near side


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these fars side samples are giving us a


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more complete picture of the moon's


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complex history and demonstrating that


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our satellites Evolution was far more


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Dynamic than we once


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believed a fascinating new study may


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have uncovered a solution to one of the


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most perplexing problems in modern


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physics the black hole information


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Paradox that even stumped the brilliant


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Steven Hawking


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this Paradox emerges from the apparent


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contradiction between quantum mechanics


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and our understanding of black holes


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back in 1976 Hawking made the


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groundbreaking discovery that black


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holes aren't completely black they


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actually emit tiny amounts of


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radiation over extremely long periods


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this radiation can cause black holes to


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eventually evaporate and disappear but


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this creates a major problem what


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happens to all the information about the


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matter that fell into the black hole


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according to Quantum Mechanics this


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information can't simply vanish now


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researchers at Caltech have proposed an


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intriguing solution involving Quantum


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connections between a black hole's


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interior and exterior they suggest that


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through a phenomenon called nonviolent


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non-locality the inside of a black hole


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maintains subtle Quantum links with the


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space around it similar to what Einstein


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famously called spooky action at a


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distance these Quantum connections would


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create tiny ripples in the fabric of


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SpaceTime surrounding ing the black hole


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while these perturbations would be


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incredibly small they wouldn't be random


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instead they would carry encoded


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information about everything inside the


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black hole this means that when a black


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hole finally evaporates all that


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information would still exist in the


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surrounding SpaceTime fabric the


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exciting part is that we might actually


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be able to detect evidence of this


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effect the research team predicts these


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Quantum correlations would leave


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distinct signatures in gravitational


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waves produced when black holes merge


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while our current detectors aren't quite


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sensitive enough to pick up these subtle


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signals the next generation of


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gravitational wave observatories could


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potentially spot them if confirmed this


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would not only resolve the information


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Paradox but also demonstrate a deep


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connection between gravity and quantum


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mechanics two fundamental theories that


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we've struggled to reconcile for nearly


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a century the researchers are now


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working on more detailed models to


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predict predict exactly what these


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gravitational wave signatures should


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look


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like in an intriguing development for


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space security United launch Alliance is


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looking to expand the capabilities of


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their Vulcan Centaur rocket Beyond Just


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Launch operations CEO Tory Bruno


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recently unveiled plans to upgrade the


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Rocket's upper stage known as Centaur


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into a rapid response space defense


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system the proposed enhancement would


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transform Centaur into what Bruno calls


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a space Interceptor capable of quickly


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responding to threats against us space


00:09:32.079 --> 00:09:32.990
force


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satellites this comes at a crucial time


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when military Assets in space face


00:09:37.120 --> 00:09:39.550
increasing vulnerabilities yet currently


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lack robust defensive


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capabilities the upgraded Centaur would


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be equipped with powerful thrusters and


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substantial energy reserves allowing it


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to intercept potential threats within


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hours rather than the days or weeks


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current Satellite Systems require Bruno


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envisions these interceptors as


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destroyers or Greyhounds of space


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providing rapid protective response for


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critical space


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infrastructure a key consideration in


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this defensive system is the need to


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neutralize threats without creating


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dangerous debris Fields space debris can


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persist for weeks in low orbit and


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centuries in higher orbits posing risks


00:10:15.760 --> 00:10:17.430
to all spacecraft regardless of


00:10:17.440 --> 00:10:20.230
nationality as Bruno notes space is a


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shared environment Without Borders


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making debris management crucial the


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timing of this proposal aligns with the


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US space Force's evolving role as as a


00:10:29.519 --> 00:10:32.069
Cornerstone of National Defense with


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space increasingly becoming what


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military officials describe as a


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contested domain rather than a sanctuary


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the need for defensive capabilities has


00:10:40.639 --> 00:10:43.430
grown more urgent Ula is already


00:10:43.440 --> 00:10:45.269
preparing for its first space force


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Mission with the Vulcan Centaur


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scheduled for late 2024 or early


00:10:50.440 --> 00:10:53.310
2025 if successful this defensive


00:10:53.320 --> 00:10:55.470
upgrade could provide Ula with a unique


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capability in the competitive launch


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industry while addressing crucial spaces


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security


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needs and that brings another episode to


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a close thanks for joining us on


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astronomy daily I'm Anna and you can


00:11:08.079 --> 00:11:09.910
catch all our back episodes and latest


00:11:09.920 --> 00:11:12.069
space news at astronomy


00:11:12.079 --> 00:11:14.389
daily. don't forget to sign up for our


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free newsletter and join us on social


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X YouTube Tumblr and Tik Tok until next


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time keep looking up and wondering about


00:11:23.480 --> 00:11:26.710
what's out there there's a lot to absorb


00:11:26.720 --> 00:11:29.829
[Music]


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stories told


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[Music]