Cosmic Mysteries of Fast Radio Bursts, Marsquakes Unveiled, and the Celestial Show of Comet...

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Kind: captions
Language: en

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this is spacetime series 28 episode 12


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for broadcast on the 27th of January


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2025 coming up on SpaceTime the origins


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of fast radio bursts are back in


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question is the red planet Mars still


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geologically active and southern


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hemisphere Sky Watchers get an


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astronomical treat all that and more


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coming up on


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SpaceTime welcome to SpaceTime with


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steuart Gary


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[Music]




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a surprisingly new discoveries raising


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fresh questions about the origins of


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mysterious deep space blasts of energy


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known as fast radio bursts fast radio


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burst to sudden high energy flashes at


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very specific wavelength lasting just a


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few Nan seconds and originating at


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Cosmic distances but in that brief space


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of time a fast radio burst or FB can


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release more energy than half a billion


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Suns the first FB was discovered back in


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2007 in data from the parks radio


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telescope in the Central West of New


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South Wales since then thousands more


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have been detected some appear to be


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singular events occurring just once at a


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specific location and then never again


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and that suggested being caused by some


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sort of sort of cataclysmic event such


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as an exploding Stu or a supernova but


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astronomers have been detecting more and


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more fast radio bursts that have


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repeated from the same location over and


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over again and that suggests a very


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different cause feeding black holes


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glitching neutron stars and highly


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magnetized neutron stars called


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magnetars have all been suspected and it


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could be that all fast radio bursts are


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repeaters with some just a lot more


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active than others however new


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Observatory which were able to better


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pinpoint the locations of these events


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have now raised questions about the


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hypothesis that they're being caused by


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feeding black holes glitching neutron


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stars or highly magnetized neutron stars


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called magnetar astronomer Calvin Leong


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from the University of California was


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excited last year to Crunch data from a


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newly commissioned radio telescope to


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precisely pinpoint the origin of a fast


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radio burst called FB 224 0209 a which


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was emanating from somewhere in the


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northern constellation of Ura minor


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Leong hopes eventually to understand the


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origins of these mysterious bursts and


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used them as probes to trace the large


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scale structure of the universe a key to


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the cosmos's origins and evolution now


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he had written most of the computer code


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that allowed him and his colleagues to


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combine data from several telescopes in


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order to triangulate the position of a


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fast radio burst however his excitement


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quickly turned a perplexity when his


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collaborators on the Canadian hydrogen


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intensity mapping experiment or chime


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turned optic telescopes onto the site


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and discovered that the source was


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actually in the distant outskirts of a


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long dead elliptical galaxy that by All


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rights shouldn't contain a magnetar the


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very kind of star thought to produce


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these bursts the Galaxy which is more


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than 100 billion times the mass of our


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sun is located some 2 billion light


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years away and it's around 11.3 billion


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years old so any magnetize in this


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ancient Galaxy should have disappeared


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long ago now this isn't the only fast


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radio burst to be found in a Galaxy the


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burst location is surprising Galactic


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Halos are usually populated by the older


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stars and so this raises questions about


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how such an energetic event could occur


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in a region where no new stars are


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forming the authors have been developing


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a series of three companion Outrigger


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radio telescopes associated with chime


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in order to further refine the location


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of the burst and with this new Precision


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optical telescopes can quickly pivot to


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identify the type of star or Star groups


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globular clusters spiral galaxies


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whatever that are producing the bursts


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and hopefully identify the actual


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Stellar source of the 5,000 or so fibb


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sources detected so far 95% have been


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detected by chime but few of those have


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been isolated to anyone specific Galaxy


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and that's hindered efforts to confirm


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whether magnetar or any other type of


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stuff for that matter are the likely


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Source the new observations using two of


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the Outriggers suggest the source of FB


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20242 9A could be in a globular cluster


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a dense region of old dead stars outside


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the Galaxy now if confirmed it would


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make this fast radio burst only the


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second to be linked to a globular


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cluster however the other FB originating


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from a globular cluster was associated


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with a live Galaxy not an old elliptical


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Dead one in which star formation had


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ceased billions of years ago so once


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again the universe is proving to science


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that it's not just Stranger than we


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imagine it's Stranger than we can


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imagine


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this is spacetime still to come is the


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red planet Mars still geologically


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active a new australian-based study


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suggests that it is and Southern


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Hemisphere skywatchers experience a real


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astronomical treat all that and more


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still to come on space time


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[Music]




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a new study has raised the possibility


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that the red planet Mars is still


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geologically active the findings


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reported in the journal geophysical


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research letters are based on a new


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analysis of a series of Mars Quakes


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recorded by the seismograph aboard


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ness's Mars Insight Lander one of the


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studies's authors Professor HOV talic


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from the Australian National University


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says Mars Quakes which are similar to


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earthquakes could offer clues about how


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the red planet evolved over billions of


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years the find ings could hope explain


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why the red planet's southern hemisphere


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has a thicker crust and is between 5 and


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6 km higher in elevation compared to its


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northern hemisphere a phenomenon known


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as The Martian dichotomy in fact the


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difference in topography between the two


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Martian hemispheres is similar in height


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to the highest mountain ranges on Earth


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this difference between the two regions


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was likely shaped by convection the


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transfer of heat from one place to


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another in the Martian mantle over


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hundreds of millions to billions of


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years ago the mantle is the a layer of


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Mars sandwiched between the crust and


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core tulit says the difference in the


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red planet's hemispheres is one of the


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biggest mysteries in the solar system he


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and colleagues analyzed waveform data


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from lowf frequency Mars Quakes captured


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by the inside Lander and they located a


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cluster of six previously detected by


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unlocated m Quakes in the planet


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Southern Highlands teras simeria region


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now the data from these Mars Quakes when


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compared with the world documented


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Northern Hemisphere Mars Quakes reveal


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how the planet's southern hemisphere is


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significantly hotter compared to its


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northern counterpart talit says


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understanding weather convections taking


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place offers Clues as to how Mass has


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evolved into its current state over


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billions of years he says there are two


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competing hypotheses to try and explain


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the origins of Mars's dichotomy the


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first referred to as the endogenic


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hypothesis States convection in the red


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planet's interior formed the dichotomy


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the second known as the exogenic


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hypothesis believes astronomical events


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shape the planet's atmospherical


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differences in other words the northern


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lowlands were caused by a big asteroid


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impact these new research findings


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provide the first observational evidence


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supporting the endogenic hypothesis but


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just getting there has been a real feat


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see on Earth there are thousands of


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seismic stations scattered all around


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the planet so it's easy to triangulate


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exactly where a specific earthquake took


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place but on Mars there was only ever


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the one single seismic station Insight


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which operated between 2018 and 2022


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when dust covered it solar panels


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finally brought the mission to an end


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our findings have two particular aspects


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and the first one is that we discovered


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uh new locations for already identified


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Mar Quakes that were available in the


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marqu catalog but their locations were


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not known and we identified a cluster of


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six marsquakes in the southern


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hemisphere of Mars namely in the


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Southern Highland and secondly we


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compared the characteristics of the


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seismic waves propagating from those new


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Mas Quakes in the south of the inside


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Lander with those from the M Quakes that


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were relatively well documented from the


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north of that Lander and we found the


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differences in the way the these seismic


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waves propagate which we attributed to


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the differences in the temperature


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between two sides of Mars South and


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north of that dichotomy border we know


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that our own Moon still has a a semi


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liquid core do your findings suggest


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that the same could be happening on Mars


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that there may still be some degree of


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fluidity in the Martian core or at least


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in the core mantle boundary area well


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that's a good question but I wouldn't go


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that far to interpret the Martian core


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based on our data although what we find


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is that the termal differences exist


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between the two to hemispheres that are


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significant and that's based on our


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measurement of the so-called seismic


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attenuation the way that the seismic


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wave energy weakens as the seismic waves


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are move through the Maran interior so


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the temperature difference is


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significant and remember that the Mars


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doesn't have the pl tectonic so if


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anything then it's really just a thermal


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factors that contribute to the Martian


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Dynamics as opposed to the Earth where


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you have both compositional and thermal


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effects so I wouldn't go that far to


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interpret the Martian core yet based on


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these findings but there are seismic


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data that suggest that the Maran core is


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in is in a liquid state indeed a lot of


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marsquake data that we've received from


00:10:19.040 --> 00:10:21.430
insight has resulted from asteroid


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impacts on the Martian surface other


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data has resulted from the thus region


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where we know there's been volcanic


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activity in the geologically recent past


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so it's all seems to be pointing to Mars


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still being geologically alive at least


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to some degree does that correspond with


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what you're finding in this new data


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from the southern hemisphere uh it might


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as well be I mean we we had another


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paper a couple of years ago where we


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found the repetitive marsquakes which


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are very similar to what happens on the


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some volcanoes on the earth and our


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conclusion back then was that Mar might


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have a Mobile interior based on on that


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behavior of the repeating M Quakes but


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you also mentioned the meterorite


00:11:07.600 --> 00:11:10.069
impacts and interestingly in this


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particular work we use meteorite impacts


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as sort of ground through location to


00:11:16.279 --> 00:11:18.710
test our method in other words how well


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we can actually locate these new or


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previously documented marsquakes for


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which the locations were not known so


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when we applied a method to this


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meteorite impact we were able to


00:11:31.000 --> 00:11:33.430
demonstrate that our locations are very


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close to the locations of the impact


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that that we recorded by orbital cameras


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and therefore we can use them to test


00:11:41.560 --> 00:11:44.350
our methods so meteorite impacts are


00:11:44.360 --> 00:11:47.230
extremely useful to us not only to


00:11:47.240 --> 00:11:49.829
verify the method but of course they


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also generate seismic waves that Ripple


00:11:52.519 --> 00:11:54.829
through the Maring interior and are


00:11:54.839 --> 00:11:56.470
eventually recorded So they are


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extremely useful to us what sort of


00:11:58.880 --> 00:12:01.910
thing would cause the Martian dichotomy


00:12:01.920 --> 00:12:03.910
that we see on the red planet we have a


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a very broad mostly flat Northern


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Hemisphere and a higher altitude


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mountainous and rugged terrain southern


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hemisphere what sort of things cause


00:12:12.880 --> 00:12:15.509
that well as you probably know there are


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two existing hypothesis on that there


00:12:18.040 --> 00:12:20.430
are competing hypothesis and I would say


00:12:20.440 --> 00:12:22.750
that our research and our newly


00:12:22.760 --> 00:12:25.550
published paper is the right step in you


00:12:25.560 --> 00:12:27.629
know in the right direction but I would


00:12:27.639 --> 00:12:30.470
say that debate will still going on for


00:12:30.480 --> 00:12:33.430
a while so just to remind you the


00:12:33.440 --> 00:12:36.670
so-called endogenic CAE would mean that


00:12:36.680 --> 00:12:40.150
the debate was generated by the internal


00:12:40.160 --> 00:12:42.870
forces of Mars perhaps a different style


00:12:42.880 --> 00:12:45.230
of convection in the past that was


00:12:45.240 --> 00:12:48.509
frozen and that manifest itself as the


00:12:48.519 --> 00:12:51.110
Martian dichotomy and that means not


00:12:51.120 --> 00:12:53.750
only the difference in the elevation uh


00:12:53.760 --> 00:12:55.670
which is quite striking 5 to six


00:12:55.680 --> 00:12:57.829
kilometers between the North and the


00:12:57.839 --> 00:13:00.509
South but also the thicker crust in the


00:13:00.519 --> 00:13:03.470
South and also the evidence of


00:13:03.480 --> 00:13:06.350
magnetized rocks in the South whereas


00:13:06.360 --> 00:13:09.430
the northern part uh seems to be lacking


00:13:09.440 --> 00:13:11.750
that signature so that's the endogenic


00:13:11.760 --> 00:13:13.629
hypothesis and then of course the


00:13:13.639 --> 00:13:16.629
exogenic that dichotomy might have


00:13:16.639 --> 00:13:20.150
resulted from giant uh either a giant


00:13:20.160 --> 00:13:22.949
impact of a or a series of smaller


00:13:22.959 --> 00:13:25.389
impact from space in the past so these


00:13:25.399 --> 00:13:27.910
are the two existing and the two


00:13:27.920 --> 00:13:31.470
competing Hy hypthesis and our findings


00:13:31.480 --> 00:13:34.189
are very much in line with the endogenic


00:13:34.199 --> 00:13:36.910
cause or the internal forces within the


00:13:36.920 --> 00:13:39.870
Mars that generated and shaped the D


00:13:39.880 --> 00:13:41.790
cosy that we see today what would you


00:13:41.800 --> 00:13:44.790
like to see happen next oh that's not


00:13:44.800 --> 00:13:46.790
very difficult to guess I would like to


00:13:46.800 --> 00:13:50.509
see more Landers carrying a seismometer


00:13:50.519 --> 00:13:54.310
we've seen from inside that it is uh


00:13:54.320 --> 00:13:57.110
with with a careful planning it is


00:13:57.120 --> 00:13:59.949
really possible to get out sending data


00:13:59.959 --> 00:14:04.310
set almost 4 years about 1,300 Mar


00:14:04.320 --> 00:14:07.069
Quakes if I'm not mistaken so I would


00:14:07.079 --> 00:14:09.629
say that Insight really is a prototype


00:14:09.639 --> 00:14:11.829
for future missions and I would really


00:14:11.839 --> 00:14:13.870
like to see more data on the Marin


00:14:13.880 --> 00:14:16.670
surface not just seismological data but


00:14:16.680 --> 00:14:19.910
any sort of geophysical and astronomical


00:14:19.920 --> 00:14:22.189
instrument or equipment you can


00:14:22.199 --> 00:14:25.389
imagine this this cluster of six events


00:14:25.399 --> 00:14:28.590
that we found in terraia has been


00:14:28.600 --> 00:14:32.110
previous identified in terms of M Quakes


00:14:32.120 --> 00:14:34.430
occuring and being recorded but they


00:14:34.440 --> 00:14:37.069
were not attempted to be located because


00:14:37.079 --> 00:14:39.870
the data quality is quite poor and so


00:14:39.880 --> 00:14:43.069
what we have done differently here we


00:14:43.079 --> 00:14:45.629
introduced several methods that are


00:14:45.639 --> 00:14:48.189
readily used in Exploration seismology


00:14:48.199 --> 00:14:50.670
here on Earth and when we apply these


00:14:50.680 --> 00:14:53.189
methods to the location because as you


00:14:53.199 --> 00:14:55.430
know we cannot perform a triangulation


00:14:55.440 --> 00:14:57.790
on Mars we don't have more than a single


00:14:57.800 --> 00:14:59.749
instrument so we have to be Innovative


00:14:59.759 --> 00:15:02.629
in the way that we locate marsquakes and


00:15:02.639 --> 00:15:04.990
when we apply this method that allowed


00:15:05.000 --> 00:15:08.030
us not only to locate these the cluster


00:15:08.040 --> 00:15:12.150
of six marsquakes in terraia but also to


00:15:12.160 --> 00:15:15.189
estimate the uncertainty I would say in


00:15:15.199 --> 00:15:18.030
a more robust way because we applied


00:15:18.040 --> 00:15:19.870
several methods that raises a good


00:15:19.880 --> 00:15:21.910
question how does one triangulate a


00:15:21.920 --> 00:15:24.150
location when you've only got one


00:15:24.160 --> 00:15:26.269
collection Point sure that forces you to


00:15:26.279 --> 00:15:29.430
be very Innovative and I should say that


00:15:29.440 --> 00:15:31.949
we do that on Earth as well in some


00:15:31.959 --> 00:15:34.430
remote areas where we have a let's say a


00:15:34.440 --> 00:15:36.550
very small earthquake and a single


00:15:36.560 --> 00:15:38.670
instrument so the first thing you need


00:15:38.680 --> 00:15:42.949
to do is to identify both P and S waves


00:15:42.959 --> 00:15:45.509
so the compressional and sheer waves


00:15:45.519 --> 00:15:47.910
compressional waves uh move faster than


00:15:47.920 --> 00:15:50.150
the than the sheer waves so from the


00:15:50.160 --> 00:15:52.590
difference uh between the two and


00:15:52.600 --> 00:15:55.230
knowing how quickly they move through


00:15:55.240 --> 00:15:57.710
the Earth interior or the Mars interior


00:15:57.720 --> 00:15:59.790
you can determine the distance to


00:15:59.800 --> 00:16:02.309
earthquake but that's just the distance


00:16:02.319 --> 00:16:04.990
it can be any anywhere on a circle and


00:16:05.000 --> 00:16:06.470
normally you would use several


00:16:06.480 --> 00:16:08.710
instruments to triangulate but in this


00:16:08.720 --> 00:16:11.829
case we have to rely also on the ground


00:16:11.839 --> 00:16:14.870
motion and from the ground motion the


00:16:14.880 --> 00:16:17.470
direction of the particles of the ground


00:16:17.480 --> 00:16:21.550
and how they move when the seismic waves


00:16:21.560 --> 00:16:24.069
pass through we can also determine the


00:16:24.079 --> 00:16:26.990
the azimut or the so-called back azimut


00:16:27.000 --> 00:16:29.590
of an earthquake and this is the


00:16:29.600 --> 00:16:31.790
basically the method that is used so


00:16:31.800 --> 00:16:33.350
determine the distance from the


00:16:33.360 --> 00:16:36.030
difference of pns waves and determine


00:16:36.040 --> 00:16:38.829
the azimut or the beim based on the


00:16:38.839 --> 00:16:41.509
ground motion that's Professor hiic from


00:16:41.519 --> 00:16:44.110
the Australian National University and


00:16:44.120 --> 00:16:46.990
this is space time still to come the


00:16:47.000 --> 00:16:48.749
southern hemisphere skywatchers get an


00:16:48.759 --> 00:16:50.430
astronomical treat and later in the


00:16:50.440 --> 00:16:52.949
science report a rare corpse flower has


00:16:52.959 --> 00:16:55.030
burst into bloom in Sydney's Royal


00:16:55.040 --> 00:16:57.189
Botanical Gardens all that and more


00:16:57.199 --> 00:17:04.079
still to come on SpaceTime


00:17:04.089 --> 00:17:11.770
[Music]




00:17:14.000 --> 00:17:16.230
time Sky Watchers in the southern


00:17:16.240 --> 00:17:17.870
hemisphere are enjoying a Celestial


00:17:17.880 --> 00:17:20.069
spectacular right now with the comet C


00:17:20.079 --> 00:17:23.350
2024 G3 Atlas putting on a stunning


00:17:23.360 --> 00:17:25.150
display following its close encounter


00:17:25.160 --> 00:17:27.789
with the sun last week the bright Comet


00:17:27.799 --> 00:17:29.710
surg through images is taken by The


00:17:29.720 --> 00:17:32.350
Joint Nasa European Space Agency solar


00:17:32.360 --> 00:17:34.750
and heliospheric Observatory spacecraft


00:17:34.760 --> 00:17:37.510
Soho Atlas made its closest approach to


00:17:37.520 --> 00:17:40.390
the sun perhelion on January the 13th


00:17:40.400 --> 00:17:43.190
soaring a me 13 million kilm above the


00:17:43.200 --> 00:17:45.950
solar surface that's just 9% of the


00:17:45.960 --> 00:17:48.710
average Earth Sun distance and exposes


00:17:48.720 --> 00:17:51.029
the icy Comet to incredible amounts of


00:17:51.039 --> 00:17:53.549
heat and that releases lots of volatile


00:17:53.559 --> 00:17:55.990
gases increasing the size of its coma


00:17:56.000 --> 00:17:58.830
and Tails images of the close encounter


00:17:58.840 --> 00:18:00.830
were captured by Soho's large angle and


00:18:00.840 --> 00:18:02.590
spectrometric chonograph instrument


00:18:02.600 --> 00:18:04.630
Lasco which uses a disc to cover the


00:18:04.640 --> 00:18:06.669
sun's surface revealing the finite


00:18:06.679 --> 00:18:09.590
details of the solar atmosphere Corona


00:18:09.600 --> 00:18:11.510
the comet was first detected back in


00:18:11.520 --> 00:18:13.510
April last year by the asteroid


00:18:13.520 --> 00:18:15.710
terrestrial impact last alert system or


00:18:15.720 --> 00:18:18.710
Atlas survey lasos helped discover over


00:18:18.720 --> 00:18:21.830
5,000 comets as they fly past the sun


00:18:21.840 --> 00:18:24.110
Carl badams Lasco principal investigator


00:18:24.120 --> 00:18:25.990
at the United States Naval Research lab


00:18:26.000 --> 00:18:28.070
in Washington DC processed some of the


00:18:28.080 --> 00:18:30.110
images to bring out finer details of the


00:18:30.120 --> 00:18:32.669
comet's tals when bright comets like


00:18:32.679 --> 00:18:34.870
Atlas pass close to the Sun their tails


00:18:34.880 --> 00:18:37.070
often react to fluctuations in the solar


00:18:37.080 --> 00:18:38.909
wind the constant stream of charged


00:18:38.919 --> 00:18:41.549
particles flowing out from the Sun heloh


00:18:41.559 --> 00:18:43.190
physicists can study the reaction of the


00:18:43.200 --> 00:18:45.070
tals to better understand the sun's


00:18:45.080 --> 00:18:46.789
effects on its neighborhood and comets


00:18:46.799 --> 00:18:49.270
passing nearby while it was briefly


00:18:49.280 --> 00:18:51.149
visible in the northern hemisphere Skies


00:18:51.159 --> 00:18:53.230
just after Sunset near perah helion


00:18:53.240 --> 00:18:55.750
Comet Atlas is now slowly receding from


00:18:55.760 --> 00:18:57.350
the Sun and it's best seen from the


00:18:57.360 --> 00:18:58.909
southern hemisphere where the comet it's


00:18:58.919 --> 00:19:01.149
moving into darker night skies and it's


00:19:01.159 --> 00:19:03.430
proving a spectacular sight just above


00:19:03.440 --> 00:19:06.149
the Horizon however there are signs


00:19:06.159 --> 00:19:08.270
starting to appear that the comet may


00:19:08.280 --> 00:19:09.909
have broken up following its close


00:19:09.919 --> 00:19:12.070
encounter with the sun and if that is


00:19:12.080 --> 00:19:13.990
the case it'll probably fade rapidly in


00:19:14.000 --> 00:19:14.909
coming


00:19:14.919 --> 00:19:17.590
days now adding to the display was the


00:19:17.600 --> 00:19:19.630
site of no less than six planets from


00:19:19.640 --> 00:19:21.750
our solar system all lining up together


00:19:21.760 --> 00:19:24.230
as seen from Earth this wonderful


00:19:24.240 --> 00:19:26.789
planetary parade included Venus Mars


00:19:26.799 --> 00:19:28.750
Jupiter and Saturn all visible to the


00:19:28.760 --> 00:19:30.470
the uned eye this month and for the


00:19:30.480 --> 00:19:33.070
start of February meanwhile Uranus and


00:19:33.080 --> 00:19:34.830
Neptune can also be spotted but you'll


00:19:34.840 --> 00:19:37.350
need binoculars to do that and faint


00:19:37.360 --> 00:19:39.230
Mercury set to join the parade as a


00:19:39.240 --> 00:19:41.070
bonus seventh planet at the end of


00:19:41.080 --> 00:19:43.909
February all in all a spectacular time


00:19:43.919 --> 00:19:46.870
to study the night skies this is


00:19:46.880 --> 00:19:48.250
spacetime


00:19:48.260 --> 00:20:03.430
[Music]


00:20:03.440 --> 00:20:04.870
and time now to take a brief look at


00:20:04.880 --> 00:20:06.430
some of the other stories making news in


00:20:06.440 --> 00:20:09.789
science this week with a science report


00:20:09.799 --> 00:20:11.830
scientists have developed a new class of


00:20:11.840 --> 00:20:13.909
anticlotting blood thinning drugs for


00:20:13.919 --> 00:20:16.750
patients with atal fibrillation atrial


00:20:16.760 --> 00:20:18.270
fibrillation is a persistent


00:20:18.280 --> 00:20:20.350
non-rhythmic beating of the heart that


00:20:20.360 --> 00:20:22.470
causes turbulence within blood vessels


00:20:22.480 --> 00:20:25.070
and that can lead to blood clotting the


00:20:25.080 --> 00:20:26.990
new drug appears to work significantly


00:20:27.000 --> 00:20:28.789
better at reducing bleeding events


00:20:28.799 --> 00:20:31.190
compared to the standard treatments


00:20:31.200 --> 00:20:33.029
people with atrial fibrillation are


00:20:33.039 --> 00:20:35.190
typically prescribed anti-coagulants or


00:20:35.200 --> 00:20:36.950
blood thinners in order to reduce the


00:20:36.960 --> 00:20:39.750
risk of a stroke but many discontinue


00:20:39.760 --> 00:20:41.750
them or never receive the prescriptions


00:20:41.760 --> 00:20:43.710
due to concerns of an increased risk of


00:20:43.720 --> 00:20:46.190
bleeding complications but simply if


00:20:46.200 --> 00:20:47.710
you're on one of these drugs and you cut


00:20:47.720 --> 00:20:50.510
yourself while shaving it never heals


00:20:50.520 --> 00:20:52.190
now a report in the New England Journal


00:20:52.200 --> 00:20:54.350
of Medicine has evaluated a new class of


00:20:54.360 --> 00:20:56.310
anticoagulants known as Factory living


00:20:56.320 --> 00:20:58.630
Inhibitors finding that aism AB


00:20:58.640 --> 00:21:00.310
significantly reduced bleeding compared


00:21:00.320 --> 00:21:02.390
to a standard of Care anti-coagulant


00:21:02.400 --> 00:21:05.070
River roxan see the problem is the risk


00:21:05.080 --> 00:21:07.110
of stroke increases significantly in


00:21:07.120 --> 00:21:08.909
patients with atrial fibrillation


00:21:08.919 --> 00:21:10.669
because blood clots form in the heart


00:21:10.679 --> 00:21:12.430
chambers and this can be pumped to the


00:21:12.440 --> 00:21:14.750
brain causing a stroke the authors


00:21:14.760 --> 00:21:18.070
enrolled 1287 participants from 95 study


00:21:18.080 --> 00:21:20.590
sites around the world they found that a


00:21:20.600 --> 00:21:23.630
150 migr dose of aisb reduced bleeding


00:21:23.640 --> 00:21:25.510
that required hospitalization or medical


00:21:25.520 --> 00:21:29.269
attention by 62% compared to River Vox


00:21:29.279 --> 00:21:31.870
and a 90 mg dose reduced the same types


00:21:31.880 --> 00:21:34.510
of bleeding by


00:21:34.520 --> 00:21:37.549
69% more than 20,000 people have lined


00:21:37.559 --> 00:21:39.669
up in Sydney's Royal Botanical Gardens


00:21:39.679 --> 00:21:41.750
to get a glimpse of a rare corpse flower


00:21:41.760 --> 00:21:44.350
which has finally burst into bloom the


00:21:44.360 --> 00:21:46.149
IND dangered plantet whose scientific


00:21:46.159 --> 00:21:48.230
name is amorphous titanium has the


00:21:48.240 --> 00:21:50.230
biggest most pungent flower spike in the


00:21:50.240 --> 00:21:52.710
world and it smells like old wet socks


00:21:52.720 --> 00:21:55.350
or Rotting Flesh while blooming the


00:21:55.360 --> 00:21:57.390
plant which is native to Western Samaran


00:21:57.400 --> 00:22:00.230
rainforests only blooms once every 15


00:22:00.240 --> 00:22:02.710
years and that bloom only lasts between


00:22:02.720 --> 00:22:05.870
24 and 36 hours the plant normally


00:22:05.880 --> 00:22:07.990
thrives in Shady moist and warm


00:22:08.000 --> 00:22:11.470
conditions at about 22° C and 75%


00:22:11.480 --> 00:22:13.590
humidity estimates suggest there are


00:22:13.600 --> 00:22:15.789
less than a th000 specimens left in the


00:22:15.799 --> 00:22:18.269
wild and so samples have been placed in


00:22:18.279 --> 00:22:20.230
botanical gardens around the world in


00:22:20.240 --> 00:22:22.990
order to keep the species alive this is


00:22:23.000 --> 00:22:24.830
the fifth corpse flower to bloom at the


00:22:24.840 --> 00:22:27.029
Sydney Gardens and follows predecessors


00:22:27.039 --> 00:22:32.430
in 2010 2008 2004 and a double bloom in


00:22:32.440 --> 00:22:35.230
2006 the US Food and Drug Administration


00:22:35.240 --> 00:22:37.390
has finally announced the ban on red D


00:22:37.400 --> 00:22:39.510
number three a controversial Food and


00:22:39.520 --> 00:22:42.430
Drug coloring long known to cause cancer


00:22:42.440 --> 00:22:43.830
the chemical which is also known as


00:22:43.840 --> 00:22:46.269
eosine has long been banned in most


00:22:46.279 --> 00:22:48.110
countries but has remained in use in


00:22:48.120 --> 00:22:50.390
some 3,000 food products in the United


00:22:50.400 --> 00:22:53.190
States the long overdue decision follows


00:22:53.200 --> 00:22:55.950
Decades of scientific evidence in fact


00:22:55.960 --> 00:22:58.870
back in 1990 the FDA determined that red


00:22:58.880 --> 00:23:00.870
3 should be banned from Cosmetics


00:23:00.880 --> 00:23:03.549
because of its link to thyroid cancer


00:23:03.559 --> 00:23:05.350
however the additive continue to be used


00:23:05.360 --> 00:23:07.350
in foods largely due to strong


00:23:07.360 --> 00:23:08.990
resistance from the food industry in


00:23:09.000 --> 00:23:10.830
America such as the manufacturers of


00:23:10.840 --> 00:23:13.590
marish cherries who relied on red 3 to


00:23:13.600 --> 00:23:15.669
maintain the iconic red Hue of their


00:23:15.679 --> 00:23:18.230
products it's also used in thousands of


00:23:18.240 --> 00:23:20.110
candies snacks Fruit Products and


00:23:20.120 --> 00:23:22.750
medicines the European Union banned its


00:23:22.760 --> 00:23:25.430
use in 1994 with similar prohibitions


00:23:25.440 --> 00:23:28.710
enforced in Australia Japan China the UK


00:23:28.720 --> 00:23:31.310
and New Zealand however even now the


00:23:31.320 --> 00:23:33.510
American ban won't be immediate


00:23:33.520 --> 00:23:35.870
manufacturers will have until 2028 to


00:23:35.880 --> 00:23:38.070
reformulate their


00:23:38.080 --> 00:23:40.669
products United States studies show that


00:23:40.679 --> 00:23:42.870
Global trusted news organizations and


00:23:42.880 --> 00:23:44.870
mainstream media reporting has now


00:23:44.880 --> 00:23:46.909
reached its lowest level for decades in


00:23:46.919 --> 00:23:50.070
the developed World a 2024 Gallup poll


00:23:50.080 --> 00:23:52.110
has found that the Legacy news media is


00:23:52.120 --> 00:23:54.430
the least trusted group among 10 US


00:23:54.440 --> 00:23:56.230
Civic and political institutions


00:23:56.240 --> 00:23:58.870
involved in the Democratic process and


00:23:58.880 --> 00:24:01.750
of course it's not just America here in


00:24:01.760 --> 00:24:03.950
Australia we've seen how the ABC lied to


00:24:03.960 --> 00:24:05.750
the public in their reporting of the hon


00:24:05.760 --> 00:24:07.430
Russell case where they've been forced


00:24:07.440 --> 00:24:08.190
to pay


00:24:08.200 --> 00:24:10.750
$390,000 in Damages that's taxpayer


00:24:10.760 --> 00:24:12.430
money of course to the former highly


00:24:12.440 --> 00:24:14.470
decorated Army Commando after they


00:24:14.480 --> 00:24:17.350
deliberately fabricated their story then


00:24:17.360 --> 00:24:19.110
there were the false allegations made by


00:24:19.120 --> 00:24:21.789
the ABC against George pel who was later


00:24:21.799 --> 00:24:23.590
found to be completely Innocent by the


00:24:23.600 --> 00:24:25.830
high court of Australia and of course


00:24:25.840 --> 00:24:27.710
there was the ABC's three-part Trump


00:24:27.720 --> 00:24:30.110
Russian collu H story which the FBI


00:24:30.120 --> 00:24:32.110
found to be untrue and invented by


00:24:32.120 --> 00:24:33.990
lawyers working for Hillary Clinton to


00:24:34.000 --> 00:24:35.909
take attention away from a classified


00:24:35.919 --> 00:24:38.350
email Scandal and it's not just


00:24:38.360 --> 00:24:40.669
Australia it's the same all over the


00:24:40.679 --> 00:24:44.230
world the BBC CNN MSNBC The Washington


00:24:44.240 --> 00:24:47.950
Post the New York Times Al jazer PBS NPR


00:24:47.960 --> 00:24:50.870
the list goes on all are losing ratings


00:24:50.880 --> 00:24:53.070
and subscriptions because the public now


00:24:53.080 --> 00:24:55.230
know the mainstream media are not


00:24:55.240 --> 00:24:56.870
telling the facts they're not letting


00:24:56.880 --> 00:24:58.789
the truth get in the way of a good or


00:24:58.799 --> 00:25:01.470
politically biased story instead of


00:25:01.480 --> 00:25:03.389
reporting just the facts with balance


00:25:03.399 --> 00:25:05.190
and without bias and they letting the


00:25:05.200 --> 00:25:07.190
public make up their own minds these


00:25:07.200 --> 00:25:09.190
days journalists are editorializing


00:25:09.200 --> 00:25:11.230
their stories telling the audience what


00:25:11.240 --> 00:25:13.990
they should think and why but with the


00:25:14.000 --> 00:25:16.110
dawn of social media providing so many


00:25:16.120 --> 00:25:17.870
different perspectives and exposing


00:25:17.880 --> 00:25:19.870
traditional mainstream media's lies


00:25:19.880 --> 00:25:22.029
trust in Legacy Media has been badly


00:25:22.039 --> 00:25:24.909
eroded and in fact it looks like it may


00:25:24.919 --> 00:25:27.350
now be gone for good Tim menum from


00:25:27.360 --> 00:25:29.669
Australian Skeptics says this is not new


00:25:29.679 --> 00:25:31.830
mainstream media's credibility has been


00:25:31.840 --> 00:25:34.029
diminishing for years mainstream media


00:25:34.039 --> 00:25:36.269
might recover by telling the truth might


00:25:36.279 --> 00:25:38.510
concept yes I mean you know media is


00:25:38.520 --> 00:25:40.149
biased from two points of view it's


00:25:40.159 --> 00:25:41.870
obviously it can be biased because of


00:25:41.880 --> 00:25:44.070
the just political and social leanings


00:25:44.080 --> 00:25:45.510
of the management and the people who


00:25:45.520 --> 00:25:47.350
work for it that means everything they


00:25:47.360 --> 00:25:50.110
say media's always been biased it's we


00:25:50.120 --> 00:25:52.669
had we had this unique period in the 6s


00:25:52.679 --> 00:25:55.230
and70s where the bias stopped for a


00:25:55.240 --> 00:25:57.269
while but it's come back it's come back


00:25:57.279 --> 00:25:59.269
with a force it if it stopped entirely


00:25:59.279 --> 00:26:01.029
either way the second thing is is the


00:26:01.039 --> 00:26:03.310
natural inbuilt bias to reporting in


00:26:03.320 --> 00:26:04.950
journalism where you can't possibly


00:26:04.960 --> 00:26:06.630
report everything within a story you


00:26:06.640 --> 00:26:08.230
can't report every story for a start and


00:26:08.240 --> 00:26:09.510
you can't report everything within a


00:26:09.520 --> 00:26:12.070
story so there's a selective nature of


00:26:12.080 --> 00:26:13.430
reporting it's just inbuilt there's


00:26:13.440 --> 00:26:14.669
nothing you can do about that and the


00:26:14.679 --> 00:26:16.350
question is what do they keep in what do


00:26:16.360 --> 00:26:17.990
they keep out hopefully they keep in the


00:26:18.000 --> 00:26:20.070
most pertinent bits but not always


00:26:20.080 --> 00:26:21.389
sometimes they keep in the bits that


00:26:21.399 --> 00:26:23.750
sell a story and they leave out the


00:26:23.760 --> 00:26:25.510
unnecessary detail that's got to


00:26:25.520 --> 00:26:26.870
counteracts what they're trying to sell


00:26:26.880 --> 00:26:28.630
so people don't trust what they it


00:26:28.640 --> 00:26:29.710
because they don't believe it they don't


00:26:29.720 --> 00:26:31.630
believe it for because they're told not


00:26:31.640 --> 00:26:32.990
to believe it or they don't believe it


00:26:33.000 --> 00:26:34.430
because they've had personal experience


00:26:34.440 --> 00:26:37.070
and they know how wrong a story can be


00:26:37.080 --> 00:26:38.350
most of us who have been interviewed for


00:26:38.360 --> 00:26:40.070
a story know there's always a mistake


00:26:40.080 --> 00:26:41.070
there somewhere yeah you don't want to


00:26:41.080 --> 00:26:43.149
see how the sausage is made do you not


00:26:43.159 --> 00:26:45.990
particularly no I mean well most people


00:26:46.000 --> 00:26:47.389
only see the outcome of Journalism they


00:26:47.399 --> 00:26:49.269
never see how a journalist works for me


00:26:49.279 --> 00:26:51.510
the BBC lost all credibility when I was


00:26:51.520 --> 00:26:54.110
working at the Abc I was the night


00:26:54.120 --> 00:26:56.149
anchor on news radio and we had this one


00:26:56.159 --> 00:26:58.230
story I forgot if it was from Reuters or


00:26:58.240 --> 00:27:00.510
AFP but it was a wire story and it


00:27:00.520 --> 00:27:02.750
simply pointed out that the crews aboard


00:27:02.760 --> 00:27:05.070
the raw Navy ships in the Gulf War had


00:27:05.080 --> 00:27:06.830
asked there and their Captain had agreed


00:27:06.840 --> 00:27:08.669
to it had asked their commanders to


00:27:08.679 --> 00:27:11.669
switch from the BBC coverage to the sky


00:27:11.679 --> 00:27:13.950
news coverage this is UK Sky News not


00:27:13.960 --> 00:27:15.389
not the Australian version and the


00:27:15.399 --> 00:27:17.389
reason they did that was because what


00:27:17.399 --> 00:27:19.870
they were experiencing in the Gulf War


00:27:19.880 --> 00:27:22.870
didn't match what the BBC were reporting


00:27:22.880 --> 00:27:25.870
yeah and when Ground truth doesn't match


00:27:25.880 --> 00:27:28.389
what you're seeing or hearing or reading


00:27:28.399 --> 00:27:30.269
then that's when credibility goes and


00:27:30.279 --> 00:27:32.190
you can almost never get that back yes I


00:27:32.200 --> 00:27:33.909
agree there's also very common thing


00:27:33.919 --> 00:27:35.549
these Cas of course with the electronic


00:27:35.559 --> 00:27:38.710
media and TV 24-hour news and the online


00:27:38.720 --> 00:27:40.389
news that people have to get a story out


00:27:40.399 --> 00:27:42.389
there as quickly as possible to beat the


00:27:42.399 --> 00:27:44.269
opposition and that means a story can


00:27:44.279 --> 00:27:46.110
run without proper checking it happens


00:27:46.120 --> 00:27:47.470
all the time of course and happens a lot


00:27:47.480 --> 00:27:49.190
with social media and things like that a


00:27:49.200 --> 00:27:51.350
rumor is as good as a reporting story


00:27:51.360 --> 00:27:53.149
apparently and it just runs and often


00:27:53.159 --> 00:27:54.750
it's hard to counteract even when you


00:27:54.760 --> 00:27:56.430
find out the truth so there's major


00:27:56.440 --> 00:27:58.870
issues always with journalism increased


00:27:58.880 --> 00:28:00.549
with with technology there also been


00:28:00.559 --> 00:28:02.230
increased because of this technology


00:28:02.240 --> 00:28:04.830
with approaches by journalists who want


00:28:04.840 --> 00:28:06.549
to make their name I mean one is the


00:28:06.559 --> 00:28:08.389
what I call the shark pack which means


00:28:08.399 --> 00:28:10.310
one journalist takes an attitude towards


00:28:10.320 --> 00:28:12.029
a particular story and everyone follows


00:28:12.039 --> 00:28:14.630
it regardless of how true that original


00:28:14.640 --> 00:28:16.470
approach is the other one is the classic


00:28:16.480 --> 00:28:18.070
gotcha moment where someone sort of


00:28:18.080 --> 00:28:19.909
throws in a curly question and if you


00:28:19.919 --> 00:28:23.350
can't answer bread or py whatever things


00:28:23.360 --> 00:28:25.230
like that you know and if you can't


00:28:25.240 --> 00:28:27.430
answer it straight away you you Bumble


00:28:27.440 --> 00:28:29.350
and Mumble and you look for like ah this


00:28:29.360 --> 00:28:30.990
person doesn't know anything it's futile


00:28:31.000 --> 00:28:32.630
it's point you know how you get over


00:28:32.640 --> 00:28:35.070
that and I've I've been in a situation


00:28:35.080 --> 00:28:37.149
where I've been live on air and the


00:28:37.159 --> 00:28:39.389
anchor of the show asked me a g a


00:28:39.399 --> 00:28:41.190
question like that and I simply look I


00:28:41.200 --> 00:28:42.470
don't know I'll have to get back to you


00:28:42.480 --> 00:28:44.990
on that it's really simple it doesn't


00:28:45.000 --> 00:28:46.630
make you an idiot there's a lot of


00:28:46.640 --> 00:28:48.230
journalists who are quite sincere try


00:28:48.240 --> 00:28:50.070
and do their work they stying in many


00:28:50.080 --> 00:28:51.350
ways especially these days with


00:28:51.360 --> 00:28:53.110
journalist numbers being cut back and


00:28:53.120 --> 00:28:54.470
therefore each journalist has to do a


00:28:54.480 --> 00:28:56.430
lot more stories the court reporter is


00:28:56.440 --> 00:28:58.710
also doing science reports which


00:28:58.720 --> 00:29:00.950
simply know anything they've always had


00:29:00.960 --> 00:29:02.990
that but yeah certain areas you have few


00:29:03.000 --> 00:29:04.389
journalists who are qualified to do


00:29:04.399 --> 00:29:05.909
something but anyway some people suggest


00:29:05.919 --> 00:29:07.710
almost naively I had a story in front of


00:29:07.720 --> 00:29:10.310
me by a professor of media studies


00:29:10.320 --> 00:29:12.750
journalism suggesting that one way to


00:29:12.760 --> 00:29:14.669
restore trust is by what he calls


00:29:14.679 --> 00:29:16.590
solidarity journalism which actually


00:29:16.600 --> 00:29:19.029
means going to the source of information


00:29:19.039 --> 00:29:20.710
and treating them respectfully and


00:29:20.720 --> 00:29:22.149
hearing their point of view rather than


00:29:22.159 --> 00:29:24.630
coming in for a fly in fly out sort of


00:29:24.640 --> 00:29:26.430
story reporting and often taking the


00:29:26.440 --> 00:29:28.470
most Sensational approaches well and


00:29:28.480 --> 00:29:31.509
good but in a 24-hour news cycle 5sec


00:29:31.519 --> 00:29:34.230
grabs shortage of Staff that's a nice


00:29:34.240 --> 00:29:36.470
ideal and unfortunately it doesn't work


00:29:36.480 --> 00:29:38.110
which means that journalism is having a


00:29:38.120 --> 00:29:39.590
hard time which means people don't trust


00:29:39.600 --> 00:29:40.870
journalists then again they haven't


00:29:40.880 --> 00:29:42.110
people haven't trusted journalists for a


00:29:42.120 --> 00:29:43.350
long time they've been putting the same


00:29:43.360 --> 00:29:46.110
basket as use car sales use use car


00:29:46.120 --> 00:29:48.230
salesman and politicians basically so


00:29:48.240 --> 00:29:49.830
they they're tied to that prodction to


00:29:49.840 --> 00:29:51.269
get over it tell the truth simply


00:29:51.279 --> 00:29:53.269
straightforward it's very sad when you


00:29:53.279 --> 00:29:55.990
think of how often credible journalists


00:29:56.000 --> 00:29:58.070
have died because they put truth to


00:29:58.080 --> 00:30:00.630
power yeah absolutely that's Tim mum


00:30:00.640 --> 00:30:04.280
from Australian


00:30:04.290 --> 00:30:16.710
[Music]


00:30:16.720 --> 00:30:19.830
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