Cosmic Milestones: All-Female Spaceflight, Supernova Secrets, and Stellar Symphonies

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Kind: captions
Language: en

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[Music]


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welcome to Astronomy Daily where we


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bring you the latest in space and


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astronomy news i'm your host Anna and


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today we'll explore an exciting array of


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cosmic events from Blue Origin's


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historic all-female flight to supernovi


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that may have shaped Earth's history and


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much more from stellar rhythms that


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reveal the secrets of our galaxy to


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NASA's Lucy spacecraft preparing for its


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next asteroid encounter we have a


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universe of discoveries to share with


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you today let's kick things off today


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with the one story everyone seems to be


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talking about blue Origin made history


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this past Monday with a groundbreaking


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achievement in human space flight the


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first all female crude rocket launch


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since


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1963 what took them so long their New


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Shepard rocket carried six remarkable


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women beyond Earth's atmosphere on the


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company's 31st launch and 11th crude


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mission overall at 9:30 a.m eastern on


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April 14th the RSS Carmen Line Space


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Capsule lifted off from Blue Origins


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Launch Site One in West Texas with an


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extraordinary passenger manifest pop


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superstar Katie Perry joined mission


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leader Lauren Sanchez journalist Gail


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King bioastronic scientist Amanda


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Ninguan film producer Kerianne Flynn and


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former NASA rocket scientist Aisha Bo on


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this historic journey the flight itself


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lasted approximately 10.5 minutes but


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its impact will be felt for


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generations during those brief moments


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in space the crew experienced about 4


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minutes of weightlessness as their


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capsule arked above the Carmen line the


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internationally recognized boundary of


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space at 62 mi altitude despite the


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brevity of their space flight each woman


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returned transformed by what astronauts


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often call the overview effect that


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profound shift in awareness that comes


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from seeing our planet from space as


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Katie Perry eloquently put it after


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landing it is the highest high and it is


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surrender to the unknown trust the


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mission carried special significance


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beyond its all female crew composition


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amanda Nuen made history as the first


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Vietnamese and Southeast Asian woman to


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fly to space for Gail King who has an


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outspoken fear of flying the mission


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represented an extraordinary step


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outside her comfort zone each passenger


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brought personal items that carry deep


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meaning perry brought a daisy which she


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described as a resilient flower that


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grows through any condition symbolizing


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strength and beauty and carried two


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particularly poignant items her hospital


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band from a sexual assault and a written


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promise to herself from that time using


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the flight to honor her journey of


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healing for Lauren Sanchez the mission


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leader and fiance of Blue Origin founder


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Jeff Bezos the experience revealed


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Earth's underlying unity we are so


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connected more connected than you


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realize she reflected noting how the


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view from space dissolves the artificial


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divisions between people this historic


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suborbital flight not only broke


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barriers but also demonstrated the


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expanding horizons of commercial space


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flight where increasingly diverse crews


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are experiencing the life-changing


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perspective that comes from seeing our


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fragile blue planet against the vast


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darkness of space each of the women who


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experienced the historic NS-31 mission


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returned to Earth with transformative


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insights that went far beyond the


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typical excitement of spaceflight their


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perspectives offer a glimpse into how


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seeing our planet from above can


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fundamentally shift human


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consciousness mission leader Lauren


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Sanchez described Earth from space as


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profoundly quiet and peaceful we're so


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connected more connected than you


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realize she reflected because you just


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see all these things that divide us but


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we're not the experience left her


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wanting to come back and just hug


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everyone with the realization that we're


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in this together sanchez expressed hope


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that more people could experience this


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perspective shift uncertain of just how


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deeply it would change her for Amanda


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Ninguen the flight carried immense


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symbolic weight as she became the first


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Vietnamese and Southeast Asian woman in


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space her journey held special


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significance for survivors of trauma i


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just want all survivors to know that you


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can heal no dream is too wild she said


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referencing her own experience as a


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sexual assault survivor by bringing her


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hospital band from that day into space


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she honored her past self and


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demonstrated the possibility of healing


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and achievement even after profound


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trauma gail King who has a well-known


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fear of flying found unexpected courage


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through the experience eleanor Roosevelt


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once said "Courage is doing something


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that scares you but you do it anyway."


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King reflected now that I've done it I


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really do feel I can take on anything


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she described the powerful silence of


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space and how it reminded her of our


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shared responsibility on Earth it's


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really quiet and peaceful if everybody


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could experience that peace that we had


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up there I'll never ever ever forget


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aisha Bo a former NASA rocket scientist


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was transformed by the view i will never


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be the same," she declared noting how


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Earth filled their windows with no


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visible boundaries or borders her


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message after landing was emphatically


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clear "dream it plan it and go and do it


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i never really thought I could go to


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space although I really wanted to go."


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For Katy Perry the experience ranked as


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her life's second most incredible moment


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after the birth of her daughter "it's


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not about me it's not about singing my


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songs it's about a collective energy,"


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Perry emphasized it's about making space


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for future women and taking up space and


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belonging the bond formed through this


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shared journey created what King called


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a true sisterhood that will connect


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these pioneering women


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forever speaking of launches let's get a


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quick roundup of what else is planned


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this week the global launch schedule is


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hitting a bit of a lull this week with


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just four launches on the calendar but


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each mission carries significant


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importance for space exploration and


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national security leading the week's


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activities is a Minotaur 4 rocket set to


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lift off from Vandenberg Space Force


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Base in California on Wednesday this


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mission designated NRO 174 will carry a


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classified payload for the National


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Reconnaissance Office the 78t tall four-


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stage rocket derived from the


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Peacekeeper missile design will follow a


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southeasterly trajectory to place its


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mysterious cargo into low Earth orbit


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this marks the first Minotaur 4 mission


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of 2025 and just the sixth in the


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vehicle's operational


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history friday brings us Firefly


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Aerospace's Alpha rocket which will make


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another attempt to launch Loheed


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Martin's new LM400 satellite bus from


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Vandenberg dubbed Message in a booster


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this mission has faced multiple delays


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since its originally scheduled March


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launch window the LM400 will carry a


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demonstration communications payload


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into orbit marking Alpha's first flight


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of 2025 and its sixth mission overall


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the two-stage rocket stands nearly 97 ft


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tall and uses kerosene and liquid oxygen


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to power its Reaver engines in the first


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stage and single Lightning engine in the


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second stage spacex rounds out the week


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with two Falcon 9 launches the first


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scheduled for Saturday from Vandenberg


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will loft another classified NRO payload


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believed to be the 10th batch of Star


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Shield reconnaissance


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satellites the booster supporting this


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mission is expected to land on the drone


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ship of course I still love you


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stationed about 400 miles downrange in


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the Pacific Ocean the second Falcon 9


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mission comes Monday with the CRS32


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cargo resupply mission to the


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International Space Station launching


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from Kennedy Space Center in Florida


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this flight will deliver essential


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supplies scientific experiments and


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spare parts to the orbiting laboratory


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among the science payloads is a French


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atomic clock for the atomic clock


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ensemble in space experiment which will


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test Einstein's theory of general


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relativity by measuring how gravity


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affects the flow of time with


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unprecedented precision also heading to


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the ISS are experiments to monitor


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airborne particles inside the station a


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robotic spacecraft guidance


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demonstration pharmaceutical


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manufacturing experiments and plant


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growth studies the Falcon 9 booster for


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this mission is expected to return for a


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landing at Cape Canaveral's landing zone


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one shortly after


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launch meanwhile further out in space


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NASA's Lucy spacecraft is now just days


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away from its second asteroid encounter


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approaching the small main belt asteroid


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Donald Johansson at a distance of less


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than 50 million miles the April 20th


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rendevous will serve as a comprehensive


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dress rehearsal for Lucy's primary


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mission exploring multiple Trojan


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asteroids that share Jupiter's orbit


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around the sun over the next decade the


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upcoming flyby builds on lessons learned


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from Lucy's first asteroid encounter


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last November when it successfully


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visited the tiny main belt asteroid


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Dinkesh and its satellite Sellum mission


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controllers are now preparing for a more


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complex observation sequence as Lucy


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approaches Donald Johansson at its


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closest approach scheduled for 151 p.m


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eastern on Saturday Lucy will pass


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within just 596 miles of the asteroid


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about 30 minutes before this moment the


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spacecraft will orient itself to track


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Donald Johansson temporarily turning its


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high gain antenna away from Earth and


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suspending communications


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guided by its terminal tracking system


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Lucy will autonomously rotate to keep


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the asteroid in view while all three


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science instruments collect data unlike


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the Dinkanesh Encounter Lucy will need


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to stop tracking Donald Johansson 40


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seconds before closest approach to


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protect its sensitive instruments from


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intense sunlight as encounter phase lead


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Michael Vincent explains "If you were


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sitting on the asteroid watching Lucy


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approach you would have to shield your


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eyes from the sun while waiting for Lucy


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to emerge from the glare


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after Lucy passes the positions will be


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reversed so we have to shield the


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instruments in the same way this


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challenging geometry is unique among


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Lucy's planned asteroid encounters after


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closest approach the spacecraft will


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reorient its solar arrays toward the sun


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and reestablish communication with Earth


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approximately an hour later the 25minute


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roundtrip light delay presents its own


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challenges when mission controllers


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command data playback after closest


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approach they'll need to wait nearly


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half an hour before receiving any images


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or confirmation that their commands were


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received donald Johansson itself


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presents an intriguing target


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representing a fragment from a collision


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that occurred 150 million years ago


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making it one of the youngest main belt


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asteroids ever visited by a spacecraft


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as mission program scientist Tom Statler


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notes "Every asteroid has a different


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story to tell and these stories weave


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together to paint the history of our


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solar


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system." Next up today a fascinating new


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study suggests that deadly cosmic


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explosions may have twice brought mass


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extinction to our planet researchers


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from Keel University have linked two of


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Earth's major extinction events to


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nearby supernova explosions stellar


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deaths so powerful they could have


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severely disrupted Earth's atmosphere


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these massive stellar blasts which occur


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when large stars collapse and explode at


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the end of their lives may have


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destroyed our planet's protective ozone


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layer triggered acid rain and exposed


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Earth's surface to dangerous levels of


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ultraviolet radiation from the sun the


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researchers specifically point to the


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Orivishian extinction about 445 million


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years ago and the late Deonian


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extinction around 372 million years ago


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as likely candidates influenced by these


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cosmic


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catastrophes the Orrivvician event wiped


00:11:41.839 --> 00:11:44.230
out 60% of marine invertebrates at a


00:11:44.240 --> 00:11:45.910
time when life was largely confined to


00:11:45.920 --> 00:11:48.069
the seas while the late Deonian


00:11:48.079 --> 00:11:50.790
extinction eliminated approximately 70%


00:11:50.800 --> 00:11:53.590
of all species dramatically altering the


00:11:53.600 --> 00:11:55.590
types of fish that inhabited ancient


00:11:55.600 --> 00:11:56.670
oceans and


00:11:56.680 --> 00:11:58.790
lakes what makes this research


00:11:58.800 --> 00:12:00.470
particularly compelling is that past


00:12:00.480 --> 00:12:02.470
studies have failed to identify clear


00:12:02.480 --> 00:12:04.630
causes for either extinction event


00:12:04.640 --> 00:12:06.550
though both have been linked to ozone


00:12:06.560 --> 00:12:08.710
layer depletion something a supernova


00:12:08.720 --> 00:12:11.110
could easily trigger to reach their


00:12:11.120 --> 00:12:13.509
conclusion the research team conducted a


00:12:13.519 --> 00:12:16.829
census of massive stars within about


00:12:16.839 --> 00:12:20.310
3,260 lightyear of our sun by mapping


00:12:20.320 --> 00:12:22.150
the distribution of these massive OB


00:12:22.160 --> 00:12:24.550
stars they calculated the rate at which


00:12:24.560 --> 00:12:26.990
supernovi occur in our cosmic


00:12:27.000 --> 00:12:29.030
neighborhood when they compared this


00:12:29.040 --> 00:12:31.470
data with the timing of Earth's mass


00:12:31.480 --> 00:12:33.590
extinctions they found a compelling


00:12:33.600 --> 00:12:35.590
correlation that supports the supernova


00:12:35.600 --> 00:12:37.990
theory the researchers describe


00:12:38.000 --> 00:12:40.069
supernovi as both creators and


00:12:40.079 --> 00:12:42.710
destroyers of life they spread heavy


00:12:42.720 --> 00:12:45.030
elements that help form and sustain life


00:12:45.040 --> 00:12:47.670
across the universe but if a planet is


00:12:47.680 --> 00:12:49.910
too close to such an explosion the


00:12:49.920 --> 00:12:51.310
effects can be


00:12:51.320 --> 00:12:53.350
devastating before you start worrying


00:12:53.360 --> 00:12:55.030
about our cosmic neighborhood


00:12:55.040 --> 00:12:56.870
astronomers believe only two nearby


00:12:56.880 --> 00:12:58.710
stars could potentially go supernova


00:12:58.720 --> 00:13:01.190
within the next million years antaries


00:13:01.200 --> 00:13:02.790
and Beetlejuice


00:13:02.800 --> 00:13:04.550
fortunately both are more than 500


00:13:04.560 --> 00:13:06.470
lighty years away and computer


00:13:06.480 --> 00:13:08.389
simulations suggest supernovi at that


00:13:08.399 --> 00:13:11.030
distance likely wouldn't affect Earth


00:13:11.040 --> 00:13:12.790
this research not only helps explain


00:13:12.800 --> 00:13:14.629
Earth's past but provides valuable


00:13:14.639 --> 00:13:16.470
insights into the complex relationship


00:13:16.480 --> 00:13:18.910
between cosmic events and life on our


00:13:18.920 --> 00:13:21.590
planet finally today have you ever


00:13:21.600 --> 00:13:23.269
wondered what stars would sound like if


00:13:23.279 --> 00:13:25.590
we could hear them well scientists from


00:13:25.600 --> 00:13:28.389
UNSW Sydney Australia have been


00:13:28.399 --> 00:13:30.790
listening to stars sing and what they've


00:13:30.800 --> 00:13:32.870
discovered is giving us unprecedented


00:13:32.880 --> 00:13:35.750
insights into stellar evolution by


00:13:35.760 --> 00:13:38.470
analyzing the subtle oscillations of 27


00:13:38.480 --> 00:13:40.590
stars in a cluster called


00:13:40.600 --> 00:13:43.910
M67 located about 2,700 lighty years


00:13:43.920 --> 00:13:46.389
away researchers have unlocked what they


00:13:46.399 --> 00:13:49.190
describe as the sounds of stars these


00:13:49.200 --> 00:13:50.949
stellar vibrations detectable by


00:13:50.959 --> 00:13:52.990
telescopes as tiny fluctuations in


00:13:53.000 --> 00:13:55.509
brightness act like cosmic fingerprints


00:13:55.519 --> 00:13:57.670
that reveal a star's age mass and stage


00:13:57.680 --> 00:14:00.150
of life what makes this study


00:14:00.160 --> 00:14:02.550
particularly valuable is that all these


00:14:02.560 --> 00:14:05.189
stars were born from the same gas cloud


00:14:05.199 --> 00:14:07.829
approximately 4 billion years ago they


00:14:07.839 --> 00:14:09.509
share nearly identical chemical


00:14:09.519 --> 00:14:11.829
compositions but differ in mass


00:14:11.839 --> 00:14:13.590
providing researchers with a perfect


00:14:13.600 --> 00:14:15.829
natural laboratory to observe how stars


00:14:15.839 --> 00:14:18.790
evolve under similar conditions when we


00:14:18.800 --> 00:14:20.629
study stars in a cluster we can see


00:14:20.639 --> 00:14:22.509
their whole sequence of individual


00:14:22.519 --> 00:14:25.750
evolution explains Dr claudia Reyes who


00:14:25.760 --> 00:14:28.310
led the study published in Nature though


00:14:28.320 --> 00:14:30.310
the same age their different masses mean


00:14:30.320 --> 00:14:32.550
their aging at different rates giving


00:14:32.560 --> 00:14:34.470
scientists a snapshot of various life


00:14:34.480 --> 00:14:37.509
stages all in one place professor Dennis


00:14:37.519 --> 00:14:40.230
Stell co-author of the study likens this


00:14:40.240 --> 00:14:43.030
process to listening to an orchestra


00:14:43.040 --> 00:14:45.030
the frequency by which an instrument is


00:14:45.040 --> 00:14:46.710
vibrating depends on the physical


00:14:46.720 --> 00:14:48.389
properties of the matter that the sound


00:14:48.399 --> 00:14:51.509
travels through he says stars are the


00:14:51.519 --> 00:14:54.590
same you can hear a star based on how it


00:14:54.600 --> 00:14:56.870
rings the biggest stars produce the


00:14:56.880 --> 00:14:59.990
deepest sounds while stars emit higher


00:15:00.000 --> 00:15:02.230
pitched frequencies as stars mature


00:15:02.240 --> 00:15:03.910
toward becoming red giants these


00:15:03.920 --> 00:15:05.829
frequency patterns change in distinctive


00:15:05.839 --> 00:15:08.150
ways that track their evolution this


00:15:08.160 --> 00:15:09.430
breakthrough has significant


00:15:09.440 --> 00:15:11.910
implications it not only helps us


00:15:11.920 --> 00:15:13.509
understand what lies ahead for our own


00:15:13.519 --> 00:15:16.069
sun but also allows astronomers to more


00:15:16.079 --> 00:15:17.990
accurately map the history of the Milky


00:15:18.000 --> 00:15:20.470
Way by determining the true ages of


00:15:20.480 --> 00:15:23.509
stars throughout our galaxy since our


00:15:23.519 --> 00:15:26.790
sun was born in a cluster similar to M67


00:15:26.800 --> 00:15:28.629
these findings give us a glimpse into


00:15:28.639 --> 00:15:31.189
both our solar systems past and its


00:15:31.199 --> 00:15:33.350
future the research also has


00:15:33.360 --> 00:15:34.629
implications for the search for


00:15:34.639 --> 00:15:37.269
habitable planets as a stars properties


00:15:37.279 --> 00:15:38.949
are critical for supporting life on


00:15:38.959 --> 00:15:41.750
worlds that orbit them by listening to


00:15:41.760 --> 00:15:43.750
the stars sing we're unlocking the


00:15:43.760 --> 00:15:45.750
secrets of the cosmos in ways never


00:15:45.760 --> 00:15:47.389
before


00:15:47.399 --> 00:15:49.910
possible that wraps up today's cosmic


00:15:49.920 --> 00:15:52.389
journey on Astronomy Daily from the


00:15:52.399 --> 00:15:54.150
profound experiences of the latest


00:15:54.160 --> 00:15:56.389
allfemale crew in space to the stars


00:15:56.399 --> 00:15:58.269
that literally sing to us across the


00:15:58.279 --> 00:16:00.949
cosmos our universe continues to amaze


00:16:00.959 --> 00:16:03.509
and inspire whether we're witnessing


00:16:03.519 --> 00:16:05.350
nearby asteroid encounters tracking


00:16:05.360 --> 00:16:07.030
rocket launches or discovering how


00:16:07.040 --> 00:16:08.870
ancient supernova may have shaped life


00:16:08.880 --> 00:16:11.590
on Earth space exploration connects us


00:16:11.600 --> 00:16:13.910
all to something greater than ourselves


00:16:13.920 --> 00:16:16.150
i'm Anna your host and I want to thank


00:16:16.160 --> 00:16:18.150
you for joining me to catch up on all


00:16:18.160 --> 00:16:20.470
the latest space and astronomy news


00:16:20.480 --> 00:16:22.829
visit our website at


00:16:22.839 --> 00:16:24.710
astronomydaily.io where you can find our


00:16:24.720 --> 00:16:27.110
constantly updating news feed and listen


00:16:27.120 --> 00:16:29.590
to all our back episodes you can also


00:16:29.600 --> 00:16:32.069
find us on social media just search for


00:16:32.079 --> 00:16:34.710
Astroailyaily pod on X Facebook YouTube


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00:16:37.600 --> 00:16:49.470
until next time keep looking up


00:16:49.480 --> 00:16:52.790
told stories


00:16:52.800 --> 00:16:59.340
[Music]