Cosmic Chronicles: Mars’ Rock Samples, Easter’s Unique Date, and the Alpha Centauri Enigma

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Language: en

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hello and welcome to Astronomy Daily


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your gateway to the cosmos i'm Anna and


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today we're exploring some fascinating


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developments across our universe from


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our neighboring planets to distant


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galaxies coming up on today's episode


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we'll venture to Mars where the


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Perseverance rover has discovered


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diverse rocky outcrops on the rim of


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Jezero Crater providing new insights


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into the red planet's ancient history


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we'll also dive into some celestial


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mathematics to explain why Easter will


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come unusually late this year despite


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the timing of the full moon it's a


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fascinating intersection of astronomy


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and tradition then we'll explore


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research suggesting that millions of


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interstellar objects from Alpha Centauri


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might be hiding in our own solar system


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creating connections between star


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systems we never imagined april is


00:00:51.120 --> 00:00:53.270
Citizen Science Month and I'll tell you


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how you can join NASA's ambitious goal


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of achieving 1 million acts of science


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and become part of real astronomical


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discoveries finally we'll witness the


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dramatic awakening of a super massive


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black hole erupting with the most


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powerful X-ray blasts ever recorded


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challenging scientists understanding of


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these cosmic behemoths so buckle up for


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a journey across the cosmos as we


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explore the latest discoveries and


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wonders of our universe let's get


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started with our favorite red


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planet nasa's Perseverance rover has


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made a remarkable discovery on the rim


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of Mars' Jazerero Crater stumbling upon


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a treasure trove of diverse rocky


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outcrops that have scientists buzzing


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with excitement since January this


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plucky little rover has been analyzing


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what scientists describe as a hodgepodge


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of rocks on the crater rim and the


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findings are proving more valuable than


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anticipated perseverance has been


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working at an impressive pace cing five


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rocks and successfully sealing samples


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from three of them in collection tubes


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it has conducted detailed close-up


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analysis of seven rocks while assessing


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another 83 from a distance using its


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laser technology while this might not


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sound like a substantial workload over


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several months NASA reports this has


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actually been the rover's fastest


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science mission since landing on the red


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planet in


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2021 the rover reached the crater rim in


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December 2024 and has been exploring a


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135 m tall slope that scientists have


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nicknamed Witch Hazel Hill what makes


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this location so special is the


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remarkable variety of rock types found


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in close proximity to each other project


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scientist Katie Stack Morgan from NASA's


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Jet Propulsion Laboratory explains the


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significance during previous science


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campaigns in Jezero it could take


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several months to find a rock that was


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significantly different from the last


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rock we sampled and scientifically


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unique enough for sampling but up here


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on the Crater Rim there are new and


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intriguing rocks everywhere the rover


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turns it has been all we had hoped for


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and more the western rim of Jazer Crater


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features numerous fragmented rocks that


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were once molten scientists believe


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these rocks were brought to the surface


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by meteor impacts billions of years ago


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possibly including the very impact that


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created Jezero crater itself one


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particularly exciting sample was


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collected on January 28th from a rock


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dubbed Shallow Bay this rock likely


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formed around 3.9 billion years ago


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potentially making it the oldest sample


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collected by the rover so far about 110


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m away from Shallow Bay another


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intriguing rock caught scientists


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attention because it contains minerals


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that crystallized from magma deep within


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the Martian crust these diverse mineral


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compositions are crucial for scientists


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attempting to piece together Mars'


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geological history by analyzing these


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rocks researchers hope to better


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understand how the planet formed and


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evolved over billions of years including


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whether conditions were ever suitable


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for life to exist


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the abundance and diversity of these


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rocks will help scientists determine if


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Mars was once habitable and if it might


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still harbor environments that could


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support life today each sample provides


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a window into different periods of


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Martian history and different


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environmental conditions as Stack Morgan


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enthusiastically puts it the last four


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months have been a whirlwind for the


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science team and we still feel that


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which Hazel Hill has more to tell us


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we'll use all the rover data gathered


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recently to decide if and where to


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collect the next sample from the crater


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rim crater rims you got to love


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them if you've ever wondered why the


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date of Easter seems to jump around the


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calendar from year to year you're not


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alone easter 2025 is coming particularly


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late falling on April 20th and there's a


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fascinating astronomical reason behind


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this mobile holiday easter's date is


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determined by what's known as the Pascal


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moon the first full moon that occurs on


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or after the spring equinox in theory


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Easter should fall on the Sunday


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immediately following this full moon


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this connection between Easter and lunar


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cycles has ancient origins linking the


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Christian celebration to the Hebrew


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calendar and Passover in 2025 the April


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full moon traditionally known as the


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pink full moon will occur on April 12th


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despite its name this moon won't


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actually appear pink the name comes from


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the blooming of moss pink flocks flowers


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that typically coincide with this lunar


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event since this full moon happens after


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the spring equinox it's also the Pascal


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moon for


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2025 given this timing you might expect


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Easter to fall on April 13th the Sunday


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immediately following the Pascal moon


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however Easter 2025 will actually be


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celebrated a full week later on April


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20th this discrepancy highlights the


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complex relationship between


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astronomical observations and


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ecclesiastical rules the explanation


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involves the difference between


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astronomical reality and church


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tradition while astronomers calculate


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the exact moment of a full moon based on


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the moon's position relative to Earth


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and the sun the church follows


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ecclesiastical tables that don't always


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align perfectly with astronomical


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events additionally there's a


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geographical factor at play in North


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America the Pascal full moon occurs on


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Saturday April 12th but in European


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longitudes including the Vatican this


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same full moon happens after midnight


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technically placing it on Sunday April


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13th since the first Sunday after the


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Pascal moon in the Old World would be


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April 20th that's when Easter will be


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celebrated globally the rules for


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determining Easter's date have other


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interesting quirks for instance the


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church fixes the vernal equinox on March


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21st even though astronomically it now


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falls no later than March 20th this can


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lead to some peculiar situations in 2038


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for example the equinox will fall on


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March 20th with a full moon the very


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next day but Easter won't be celebrated


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until April 25th the latest possible


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date it can occur easter can fall as


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early as March 22nd which last happened


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in 1818 and won't happen again until


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2285 and as late as April 25th


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interestingly when Easter occurs in


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March it's always preceded and followed


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by April eers in adjacent years between


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2 and


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7,999 Easter will fall most frequently


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on April 19th occurring on that date 231


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times however if we narrow our focus to


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just this millennium April 16th becomes


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the most common Easter date so when you


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mark Easter 2025 on your calendar for


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April 20th remember you're participating


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in a tradition that blends ancient


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astronomical observations with


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ecclesiastical calculations a


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fascinating intersection of science and


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faith that continues to evolve through


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the


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centuries next up today have you ever


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wondered if objects from other star


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systems might be passing through our


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cosmic neighborhood a fascinating new


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study from Western University suggests


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that our solar system could be home to


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millions of interstellar visitors


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primarily from our nearest stellar


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neighbor Alpha Centuri astrophysicists


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Cole Greg and Paul Wagert have developed


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a groundbreaking computer model that


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simulates interstellar activity between


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our solar system and Alpha Centuri their


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research published in the planetary


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science journal this March points to


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Alpha Centtory as a likely source of


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interstellar material found within our


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solar system alpha Centuri is


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particularly interesting because it's a


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triple star system unlike our single sun


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arrangement yet the researchers believe


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it might behave similarly to our own


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solar system when it comes to ejecting


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material into space as Greg explains


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giant planets introduce a degree of


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chaos perturbing orbits and giving


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objects the velocity boost they need to


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escape their stars gravitational pole


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the model suggests something truly


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remarkable approximately 1 million


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interstellar objects larger than 100 m


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in diameter originating from Alpha


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Centuri may currently be within our


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solar systems or cloud that vast shell


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of icy objects surrounding our planetary


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neighborhood and this number is expected


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to increase as Alpha Centuri moves


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closer to us with its closest approach


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predicted in about 28,000


00:09:13.080 --> 00:09:15.350
years assuming Alpha Centtory is


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ejecting material which it should be


00:09:17.519 --> 00:09:19.110
there are plenty of reasons to expect


00:09:19.120 --> 00:09:20.949
some of that material is making its way


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to us notes Professor Wagert who has


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discovered more than 80 minor planets


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during his career this research builds


00:09:28.320 --> 00:09:30.150
on our understanding of interstellar


00:09:30.160 --> 00:09:32.870
objects that began with the 2017


00:09:32.880 --> 00:09:35.269
discovery of Umuam Mua the first


00:09:35.279 --> 00:09:37.509
confirmed interstellar visitor spotted


00:09:37.519 --> 00:09:40.949
by Western scientist Robert Werick um


00:09:40.959 --> 00:09:43.350
Mua a reddish object estimated to be


00:09:43.360 --> 00:09:46.870
between 100 and 1,000 m long was just


00:09:46.880 --> 00:09:48.790
the first glimpse of what could be a


00:09:48.800 --> 00:09:51.509
much larger population of interstellar


00:09:51.519 --> 00:09:53.430
wanderers before you worry about


00:09:53.440 --> 00:09:55.670
interstellar impacts the researchers


00:09:55.680 --> 00:09:58.550
offer reassurance their model projects


00:09:58.560 --> 00:10:00.470
that while as many as 10 meteors from


00:10:00.480 --> 00:10:02.150
Alpha Centuri might enter Earth's


00:10:02.160 --> 00:10:04.509
atmosphere annually these would be


00:10:04.519 --> 00:10:06.790
microscopic no larger than 100


00:10:06.800 --> 00:10:09.829
micrometers in size in fact only about


00:10:09.839 --> 00:10:11.829
one in a trillion meteors striking Earth


00:10:11.839 --> 00:10:14.470
might originate from Alpha Centtory the


00:10:14.480 --> 00:10:16.310
real significance of this research lies


00:10:16.320 --> 00:10:18.150
in how it transforms our understanding


00:10:18.160 --> 00:10:21.030
of cosmic systems as Greg eloquently


00:10:21.040 --> 00:10:22.710
puts it throughout the history of


00:10:22.720 --> 00:10:25.110
astronomy every time we look at a system


00:10:25.120 --> 00:10:27.509
we think of it as a closed system the


00:10:27.519 --> 00:10:29.350
galaxy isn't a collection of all these


00:10:29.360 --> 00:10:32.069
individual star systems rather they


00:10:32.079 --> 00:10:33.990
should be studied as an interconnected


00:10:34.000 --> 00:10:36.230
system one that shares all of this


00:10:36.240 --> 00:10:38.590
interstellar material among the


00:10:38.600 --> 00:10:41.190
stars this interconnected view of our


00:10:41.200 --> 00:10:43.670
galaxy challenges the traditional notion


00:10:43.680 --> 00:10:47.030
of star systems as isolated entities


00:10:47.040 --> 00:10:49.910
instead it suggests a cosmic ecosystem


00:10:49.920 --> 00:10:52.069
where matter regularly travels between


00:10:52.079 --> 00:10:54.790
neighboring stars creating a complex web


00:10:54.800 --> 00:10:56.870
of interstellar exchange that has been


00:10:56.880 --> 00:10:58.990
ongoing for billions of


00:10:59.000 --> 00:11:01.430
years next something you may like to


00:11:01.440 --> 00:11:04.230
take part in april marks a special time


00:11:04.240 --> 00:11:06.710
for science enthusiasts around the world


00:11:06.720 --> 00:11:09.190
it's citizen science month and NASA is


00:11:09.200 --> 00:11:10.710
embarking on an ambitious mission


00:11:10.720 --> 00:11:12.389
they're calling 1 million acts of


00:11:12.399 --> 00:11:15.110
science this initiative aims to harness


00:11:15.120 --> 00:11:16.870
the collective power of volunteers


00:11:16.880 --> 00:11:18.710
everywhere to help solve some of


00:11:18.720 --> 00:11:21.190
astronomy's greatest mysteries citizen


00:11:21.200 --> 00:11:22.710
science represents a beautiful


00:11:22.720 --> 00:11:24.310
intersection of professional research


00:11:24.320 --> 00:11:26.790
and public participation through these


00:11:26.800 --> 00:11:29.030
programs ordinary people like you and me


00:11:29.040 --> 00:11:30.550
can contribute meaningfully to


00:11:30.560 --> 00:11:32.710
scientific discovery without specialized


00:11:32.720 --> 00:11:35.430
degrees or equipment nasa's citizen


00:11:35.440 --> 00:11:37.430
science projects are designed to address


00:11:37.440 --> 00:11:40.069
real world problems protect our planet


00:11:40.079 --> 00:11:42.550
and unravel the secrets of the universe


00:11:42.560 --> 00:11:45.670
the concept is simple yet powerful by


00:11:45.680 --> 00:11:47.750
distributing scientific tasks across


00:11:47.760 --> 00:11:50.470
thousands of volunteers researchers can


00:11:50.480 --> 00:11:52.310
accomplish what would be impossible for


00:11:52.320 --> 00:11:55.030
even the largest professional teams your


00:11:55.040 --> 00:11:56.790
contribution combined with others around


00:11:56.800 --> 00:11:59.190
the globe creates a formidable force for


00:11:59.200 --> 00:12:01.910
scientific advancement so what exactly


00:12:01.920 --> 00:12:04.389
counts as an act of science it could be


00:12:04.399 --> 00:12:05.910
as straightforward as categorizing


00:12:05.920 --> 00:12:07.910
galaxies based on their shapes


00:12:07.920 --> 00:12:10.230
identifying features on Mars tracking


00:12:10.240 --> 00:12:12.230
changes in cloud patterns or monitoring


00:12:12.240 --> 00:12:14.949
light pollution in your local area many


00:12:14.959 --> 00:12:16.629
projects require nothing more than a


00:12:16.639 --> 00:12:19.110
smartphone and a curious mind what makes


00:12:19.120 --> 00:12:21.030
these initiatives particularly valuable


00:12:21.040 --> 00:12:23.430
is that they're not just busy work the


00:12:23.440 --> 00:12:25.269
data collected through citizen science


00:12:25.279 --> 00:12:27.430
efforts has led to genuine discoveries


00:12:27.440 --> 00:12:29.509
and appears in peer-reviewed scientific


00:12:29.519 --> 00:12:32.150
publications your contributions help


00:12:32.160 --> 00:12:34.790
NASA scientists understand our changing


00:12:34.800 --> 00:12:37.670
planet identify new asteroids study


00:12:37.680 --> 00:12:39.990
distant galaxies and monitor space


00:12:40.000 --> 00:12:42.710
weather the beauty of citizen science is


00:12:42.720 --> 00:12:45.350
its accessibility projects are designed


00:12:45.360 --> 00:12:48.069
to accommodate various interests time


00:12:48.079 --> 00:12:50.550
commitments and skill levels whether you


00:12:50.560 --> 00:12:52.230
have 5 minutes while waiting for your


00:12:52.240 --> 00:12:54.790
coffee or want to dedicate several hours


00:12:54.800 --> 00:12:57.190
each week there's a project perfectly


00:12:57.200 --> 00:12:59.990
suited to your availability if you're


00:13:00.000 --> 00:13:02.069
interested in participating NASA's


00:13:02.079 --> 00:13:03.990
citizen science website offers a


00:13:04.000 --> 00:13:05.629
comprehensive directory of active


00:13:05.639 --> 00:13:07.829
projects from helping classify


00:13:07.839 --> 00:13:09.670
exoplanets to tracking wildlife


00:13:09.680 --> 00:13:11.910
responses to solar eclipses the


00:13:11.920 --> 00:13:13.670
diversity of opportunities means you're


00:13:13.680 --> 00:13:15.269
bound to find something that captures


00:13:15.279 --> 00:13:17.670
your imagination by joining this


00:13:17.680 --> 00:13:19.230
worldwide community of citizen


00:13:19.240 --> 00:13:21.430
scientists you become part of something


00:13:21.440 --> 00:13:23.590
much larger than yourself a global


00:13:23.600 --> 00:13:25.509
effort to expand human knowledge and


00:13:25.519 --> 00:13:27.030
address some of our most pressing


00:13:27.040 --> 00:13:29.590
challenges and during this special month


00:13:29.600 --> 00:13:31.269
celebrating citizen science your


00:13:31.279 --> 00:13:33.350
participation helps NASA reach that


00:13:33.360 --> 00:13:36.910
ambitious goal of 1 million scientific


00:13:36.920 --> 00:13:38.949
contributions remember science isn't


00:13:38.959 --> 00:13:40.629
just for professional researchers in


00:13:40.639 --> 00:13:43.750
labs it belongs to all of us and through


00:13:43.760 --> 00:13:45.910
citizen science we all have the


00:13:45.920 --> 00:13:47.750
opportunity to push the boundaries of


00:13:47.760 --> 00:13:50.269
human understanding just a little bit


00:13:50.279 --> 00:13:52.629
further if you're interested in finding


00:13:52.639 --> 00:13:54.710
out more I'll leave a link in the show


00:13:54.720 --> 00:13:56.710
notes for you


00:13:56.720 --> 00:13:58.389
we've all experienced grumpy mornings


00:13:58.399 --> 00:14:00.230
but nothing compares to the cosmic


00:14:00.240 --> 00:14:02.150
tantrum recently thrown by a super


00:14:02.160 --> 00:14:04.590
massive black hole in a galaxy far far


00:14:04.600 --> 00:14:07.269
away astronomers have observed something


00:14:07.279 --> 00:14:10.150
truly extraordinary a monster black hole


00:14:10.160 --> 00:14:12.150
unleashing the longest and most powerful


00:14:12.160 --> 00:14:14.150
X-ray eruptions ever recorded from such


00:14:14.160 --> 00:14:16.870
an object the black hole in question


00:14:16.880 --> 00:14:20.590
sits at the center of galaxy SDSS


00:14:20.600 --> 00:14:22.590
1,335


00:14:22.600 --> 00:14:25.189
+0728 approximately 300 million


00:14:25.199 --> 00:14:27.750
lightyears from Earth after decades of


00:14:27.760 --> 00:14:30.069
inactivity this cosmic giant has


00:14:30.079 --> 00:14:32.069
suddenly awakened with a vengeance


00:14:32.079 --> 00:14:33.910
beginning to devour surrounding matter


00:14:33.920 --> 00:14:35.990
and producing what scientists call quasi


00:14:36.000 --> 00:14:39.910
periodic eruptions or QPEs this active


00:14:39.920 --> 00:14:41.910
region at the galaxy's heart nicknamed


00:14:41.920 --> 00:14:44.629
ANSKY by researchers first showed signs


00:14:44.639 --> 00:14:47.990
of awakening in late 2019 by February of


00:14:48.000 --> 00:14:50.710
this year astronomers using NASA's Swift


00:14:50.720 --> 00:14:53.269
X-ray Space Telescope observed the black


00:14:53.279 --> 00:14:54.949
hole erupting with flares at


00:14:54.959 --> 00:14:57.509
surprisingly regular intervals providing


00:14:57.519 --> 00:14:59.750
a rare opportunity to monitor a feeding


00:14:59.760 --> 00:15:02.790
black hole in real time what makes these


00:15:02.800 --> 00:15:05.110
observations particularly remarkable is


00:15:05.120 --> 00:15:08.150
their unprecedented scale as MIT


00:15:08.160 --> 00:15:11.269
researcher Yohin Chakraorti explains the


00:15:11.279 --> 00:15:14.069
bursts of X-rays from Ansky are 10 times


00:15:14.079 --> 00:15:16.470
longer and 10 times more luminous than


00:15:16.480 --> 00:15:18.430
what we see from a typical


00:15:18.440 --> 00:15:21.590
QPE each eruption releases 100 times


00:15:21.600 --> 00:15:23.350
more energy than previously observed


00:15:23.360 --> 00:15:25.430
elsewhere with eruptions occurring


00:15:25.440 --> 00:15:28.310
roughly every 4 and 1/2 days the longest


00:15:28.320 --> 00:15:30.389
interval ever seen


00:15:30.399 --> 00:15:32.470
these extreme behaviors are challenging


00:15:32.480 --> 00:15:34.870
existing scientific models and forcing


00:15:34.880 --> 00:15:36.629
astronomers to reconsider their


00:15:36.639 --> 00:15:39.350
understanding of such events typically


00:15:39.360 --> 00:15:41.430
QPEs have been associated with super


00:15:41.440 --> 00:15:43.269
massive black holes capturing and


00:15:43.279 --> 00:15:45.509
shredding stars then consuming the


00:15:45.519 --> 00:15:47.910
stellar remnants however this doesn't


00:15:47.920 --> 00:15:49.829
appear to be happening with Ansky


00:15:49.839 --> 00:15:51.590
leaving scientists puzzled about what's


00:15:51.600 --> 00:15:53.990
triggering these massive outbursts the


00:15:54.000 --> 00:15:55.590
observations were made possible through


00:15:55.600 --> 00:15:57.430
an international collaborative effort


00:15:57.440 --> 00:15:59.749
utilizing multiple space telescopes


00:15:59.759 --> 00:16:02.629
including the European Space Ay's XMM


00:16:02.639 --> 00:16:05.670
Newton NASA's NICE and Chandra missions


00:16:05.680 --> 00:16:08.550
and archived data from Aerosa these


00:16:08.560 --> 00:16:10.550
repetitive bursts may also be generating


00:16:10.560 --> 00:16:13.110
gravitational waves ripples in spaceime


00:16:13.120 --> 00:16:14.790
that could potentially be detected by


00:16:14.800 --> 00:16:16.069
future missions like the laser


00:16:16.079 --> 00:16:19.350
interferometer space antenna a joint ESA


00:16:19.360 --> 00:16:21.509
NASA space-based detector scheduled for


00:16:21.519 --> 00:16:23.670
launch in 2037


00:16:23.680 --> 00:16:25.910
having complimentary X-ray observations


00:16:25.920 --> 00:16:28.470
alongside gravitational wave data could


00:16:28.480 --> 00:16:30.550
prove crucial in solving the mysteries


00:16:30.560 --> 00:16:33.430
of massive black hole behavior the


00:16:33.440 --> 00:16:35.509
research on this extraordinary cosmic


00:16:35.519 --> 00:16:37.189
event was published in the journal


00:16:37.199 --> 00:16:39.829
Nature Astronomy just last month marking


00:16:39.839 --> 00:16:41.509
an important step forward in our


00:16:41.519 --> 00:16:44.069
understanding of black hole dynamics as


00:16:44.079 --> 00:16:46.150
astronomers continue monitoring Ansky's


00:16:46.160 --> 00:16:48.470
volatile behavior we may gain valuable


00:16:48.480 --> 00:16:50.310
insights into the extreme physics


00:16:50.320 --> 00:16:52.389
governing these cosmic behemoths that


00:16:52.399 --> 00:16:54.790
lurk at the centers of most galaxies


00:16:54.800 --> 00:16:56.829
including our own Milky


00:16:56.839 --> 00:16:59.350
Way and that brings us to the end of


00:16:59.360 --> 00:17:01.389
another fascinating journey through the


00:17:01.399 --> 00:17:03.749
cosmos today we've explored everything


00:17:03.759 --> 00:17:06.150
from Martian geology to the mysteries of


00:17:06.160 --> 00:17:08.150
black holes with some interesting


00:17:08.160 --> 00:17:10.710
astronomical calendar facts and citizen


00:17:10.720 --> 00:17:13.110
science opportunities along the way


00:17:13.120 --> 00:17:14.630
we've seen how Perseverance is


00:17:14.640 --> 00:17:16.630
uncovering Mars' geological history


00:17:16.640 --> 00:17:18.150
through diverse rock samples on the


00:17:18.160 --> 00:17:20.870
Jezero crater rim potentially revealing


00:17:20.880 --> 00:17:23.270
clues about the planet's habitability


00:17:23.280 --> 00:17:25.429
we've demystified why Easter will arrive


00:17:25.439 --> 00:17:27.909
later than expected this year thanks to


00:17:27.919 --> 00:17:29.430
the complex interplay between


00:17:29.440 --> 00:17:32.190
astronomical events and ecclesiastical


00:17:32.200 --> 00:17:34.549
rules we've learned that millions of


00:17:34.559 --> 00:17:36.150
interstellar visitors from Alpha


00:17:36.160 --> 00:17:38.150
Centauri might be hiding in our solar


00:17:38.160 --> 00:17:40.230
system challenging our view of star


00:17:40.240 --> 00:17:42.789
systems as isolated entities


00:17:42.799 --> 00:17:44.549
we've discovered how you can participate


00:17:44.559 --> 00:17:47.029
in NASA's Citizen Science Month and


00:17:47.039 --> 00:17:49.430
contribute to their ambitious goal of 1


00:17:49.440 --> 00:17:52.549
million acts of science and finally


00:17:52.559 --> 00:17:54.230
we've witnessed the dramatic awakening


00:17:54.240 --> 00:17:55.830
of a monster black hole producing


00:17:55.840 --> 00:17:57.830
unprecedented X-ray eruptions that are


00:17:57.840 --> 00:17:59.669
forcing scientists to rethink their


00:17:59.679 --> 00:18:01.549
understanding of these cosmic


00:18:01.559 --> 00:18:04.549
giants i'm Anna your host for Astronomy


00:18:04.559 --> 00:18:06.470
Daily and I hope you've enjoyed today's


00:18:06.480 --> 00:18:09.190
cosmic exploration if you'd like to stay


00:18:09.200 --> 00:18:11.350
updated on all things astronomy please


00:18:11.360 --> 00:18:13.230
visit our website at


00:18:13.240 --> 00:18:15.029
astronomydaily.io where you can sign up


00:18:15.039 --> 00:18:17.270
for our free daily newsletter and access


00:18:17.280 --> 00:18:19.830
all our previous episodes if you're


00:18:19.840 --> 00:18:21.909
enjoying the podcast we'd be thrilled if


00:18:21.919 --> 00:18:23.990
you'd share it with your family friends


00:18:24.000 --> 00:18:25.990
or anyone else who gazes up at the night


00:18:26.000 --> 00:18:28.630
sky with wonder until next time keep


00:18:28.640 --> 00:18:30.630
looking up and stay curious about our


00:18:30.640 --> 00:18:35.110
magnificent universe


00:18:35.120 --> 00:18:37.590
stories we told


00:18:37.600 --> 00:18:51.959
[Music]