Blue Origin’s Latest Milestone, Sharper Black Hole Images, and Titan’s Dragonfly Mission

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Hello and welcome to Astronomy Daily,


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your go-to podcast for the latest


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discoveries and developments in the


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cosmos. I'm your host, Anna, and we've


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got a great lineup of space news for you


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today. Coming up, we'll blast off with


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details of Blue Origin's latest


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achievement. Then, prepare to have your


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mind blown as we dive into


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groundbreaking black hole images that


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are the sharpest ever captured from


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Earth. We'll also explore the


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spectacular aurora displays that lit up


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skies across North America and beyond.


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And finally, we'll journey to the


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mysterious world of Titan as we look


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ahead to NASA's fascinating Dragonfly


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mission. So, strap in and prepare for


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liftoff as we explore today's top


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stories from across the


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universe. Blue Origin has once again


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reached for the stars with their New


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Shepard vehicle, successfully completing


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their 12th crude suborbital mission.


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The spacecraft carried a full complement


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of space tourists to the edge of our


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atmosphere where they experienced the


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breathtaking views of our planet and the


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unforgettable sensation of


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weightlessness. This latest flight


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represents another milestone for Jeff


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Bezos's space company as they continue


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to establish themselves as leaders in


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the commercial space tourism industry.


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The new Shepard vehicle, named after


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Mercury astronaut Alan Shepard, follows


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a fully autonomous flight profile,


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carrying passengers in a capsule that


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detaches from its booster rocket before


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both components return separately to


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Earth. The reusable nature of New


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Shepard continues to demonstrate Blue


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Origin's commitment to more sustainable


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space travel with the booster making a


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controlled powered landing while the


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passenger capsule gently descends under


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parachutes. This mission further


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cementss Blue Origin's growing track


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record of reliable suborbital flights,


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providing more civilians the rare


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opportunity to experience the overview


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effect, that profound shift in


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perspective that astronauts describe


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when seeing Earth from space for the


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first


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time. Now, this next story is pretty


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cool. In a major breakthrough for


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astronomy, scientists using the Event


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Horizon Telescope have captured the


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sharpest images ever of distant black


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holes from Earth. These remarkable new


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observations employed light at a


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frequency of 345 gigahertz, allowing


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researchers to peer deeper into the


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regions surrounding black holes with


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unprecedented clarity. This achievement


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represents a significant leap forward


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from their previous work at 230 GHz with


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the shorter wavelength providing


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approximately 50% sharper resolution


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around 14 microarch seconds.


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To put this in perspective, that's like


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being able to see a donut on the surface


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of the moon from Earth. The Event


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Horizon Telescope isn't a single


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instrument, but rather a global network


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of radio telescopes working in perfect


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synchronization. Using a powerful


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technique called very long baseline


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interferometry, scientists effectively


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created a virtual telescope the size of


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our planet. By combining signals from


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observatories scattered across Earth,


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they've achieved imaging capabilities


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far beyond what any single telescope


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could accomplish. Among the most studied


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targets are the super massive black hole


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at the center of galaxy M87 and


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Sagittarius A star, the black hole at


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the heart of our own Milky Way. With


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this enhanced resolution, researchers


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can now observe how light bends near


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these cosmic giants with remarkable


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detail, potentially revealing subtle


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behaviors that were previously


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invisible. The technical challenges


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involved were immense. At 345 GHz,


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atmospheric water vapor heavily absorbs


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radio waves, significantly weakening


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signals from distant black holes. To


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overcome this, the EHT team expanded


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their bandwidth and carefully selected


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high altitude observation sites like the


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Atakama largem submillimeter array in


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Chile and the submillimeter array in


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Hawaii where atmospheric interference is


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minimized.


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This advancement opens exciting new


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possibilities. Scientists can now study


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polarized light around black holes with


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greater precision, providing insights


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into their magnetic environments. The


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reduced effects of Faraday rotation, a


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phenomenon that alters light's electric


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field orientation, allows for clearer


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observations of magnetic field


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structures. Perhaps most thrilling is


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the potential to create time-lapse


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movies of black hole environments


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showing material moving around the event


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horizon in near real time. For


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Sagittarius, a star, which has a dynamic


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time scale of about 200 seconds.


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Simultaneous observations at multiple


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wavelengths could soon allow scientists


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to watch the cosmic dance of matter as


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it spirals toward the point of no


00:04:37.680 --> 00:04:40.390
return. This groundbreaking advancement


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in black hole imaging technology is set


00:04:42.400 --> 00:04:44.150
to revolutionize our understanding of


00:04:44.160 --> 00:04:47.270
these cosmic giants. With the successful


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345 gigahertz observations, scientists


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are now on the cusp of creating


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something truly remarkable. Time-lapse


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movies of black hole environments that


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would show us the dynamic nature of


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these extreme regions in unprecedented


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detail. For M7's black hole, which


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evolves over a longer period of about 3


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days, researchers could combine images


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collected over consecutive observation


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sessions to construct detailed


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visualizations of its active


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surroundings. These time-lapse sequences


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would reveal how matter behaves as it


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approaches the event horizon,


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potentially showing the formation and


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evolution of jets that extend thousands


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of light years into space. Beyond the


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well-known black holes at M87 and


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Sagittarius A star, the improved


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resolution enables detailed studies of


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active galactic nuclei jets with


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unprecedented precision. Researchers can


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now investigate phenomena like limb


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brightening, where jets appear brighter


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near their edges, and study how these


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massive energy beams form and accelerate


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across vast cosmic distances. Perhaps


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most exciting is the potential for


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multi-frequency synthesis, a technique


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that combines data from different


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frequencies to map black hole


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environments in exquisite detail over


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time. For our galaxy's central black


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hole, this could provide real-time


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glimpses into its turbulent


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surroundings, capturing momentby-moment


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changes near the event


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horizon. Did you happen to see this?


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Earth has been putting on quite a show


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lately. A powerful coronal mass ejection


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struck our planet headon in the early


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hours of June 1, triggering one of the


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most spectacular aurora displays in


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recent memory. The CME originated from


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an M8.2 class solar flare that erupted


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on May 30 and raced toward Earth at a


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staggering speed of nearly


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1,938


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km/s. That's about 4.3 million


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mph. When this massive burst of solar


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energy collided with Earth's magnetic


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field, it triggered what scientists


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classify as a severe G4 geomagnetic


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storm. This intense disturbance in our


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planet's magneettosphere created


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breathtaking auroras that were visible


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much farther south than usual,


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delighting skygazers across North


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America. The severity of this particular


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storm meant that aurora chasers were


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treated to spectacular displays even in


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regions where such sightings are


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extremely rare. Terry Griffin captured


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beautiful aurora pillars in St. George,


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Kansas, noting that the white pillars


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were strikingly visible to the naked


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eye. In Cheyenne, Wyoming, sky watchers


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reported brilliant curtains of green and


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purple light dancing across the night


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sky. Perhaps most remarkable were the


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sightings from places like Farmington,


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New Mexico, where photographer Derek


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Wilson captured a stunning timelapse of


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the northern lights. Wilson explained


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that visible auroras this far south are


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such a rare occurrence that he knew he


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had to get far from city lights when he


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saw the solar storm data. Most


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astonishingly, the light show was


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confirmed as visible on webcams as far


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south as San Diego, California. An


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extremely unusual occurrence that


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highlights just how powerful this


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GeForce storm truly was. The Southern


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Hemisphere wasn't left out of this


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extraordinary light show. Sky Watchers


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in New Zealand were treated to


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spectacular displays of the Aurora


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Australas with vibrant red and pink hues


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illuminating night skies. The crimson


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and magenta hues that dominated many


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southern hemisphere sightings created an


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almost otherworldly atmosphere


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distinctly different from the


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predominantly green curtains often seen


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in the north. In Australia, the Aurora


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Australas made a dramatic appearance


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over Victoria. The aurora was


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particularly impressive over Tasmania


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with observers in Queenstown reporting


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some of the most vibrant displays. The


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rugged landscape provided a striking


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foreground to the cosmic light show with


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red and pink aurora reflections visible


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in the still waters of lakes and bays


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across the region. What makes these


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sightings especially remarkable is their


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rarity. While northern lights are


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occasionally visible in the northern


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United States, seeing auroras from


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places like San Diego or central


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Australia is extraordinarily uncommon,


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requiring exceptionally powerful


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geomagnetic storms like this G4


00:09:09.399 --> 00:09:11.829
event. Now, let's turn our attention to


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a mission that will take us to one of


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the most fascinating worlds in our solar


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system.


00:09:17.279 --> 00:09:18.870
NASA is preparing to launch the


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Dragonfly mission to Saturn's moon Titan


00:09:20.959 --> 00:09:25.030
in July 2028 using a SpaceX Falcon Heavy


00:09:25.040 --> 00:09:27.030
rocket to send this revolutionary


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spacecraft on its six-year journey.


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Titan is unlike any world we've explored


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before. It's the only moon in our solar


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system with a thick atmosphere, and its


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surface is dotted with methane rivers,


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lakes, and seas. This methane rich


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environment has scientists excited


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because they believe Titan resembles


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what Earth may have looked like billions


00:09:47.120 --> 00:09:49.590
of years ago before life transformed our


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planet's chemistry. What makes Dragonfly


00:09:52.240 --> 00:09:54.630
truly revolutionary is its design.


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Rather than a traditional rover, NASA


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has created a nuclearpowered roercraft,


00:09:59.600 --> 00:10:01.670
essentially a science drone that can fly


00:10:01.680 --> 00:10:03.829
from location to location across Titan's


00:10:03.839 --> 00:10:06.550
surface. This mobility will allow it to


00:10:06.560 --> 00:10:08.230
cover hundreds of kilometers during its


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mission, exploring diverse landscapes


00:10:10.720 --> 00:10:13.190
that would be impossible to reach with a


00:10:13.200 --> 00:10:15.590
wheeled vehicle. The principal


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investigator, Zibby Turtle from John's


00:10:17.360 --> 00:10:19.590
Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory,


00:10:19.600 --> 00:10:21.590
explains that Dragonfly isn't searching


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for current life on Titan. Instead, it's


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investigating the chemical processes


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that might have preceded life on Earth.


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Since Titan is so cold, about 144


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degrees C below zero, any chemical


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reactions occur much more slowly than


00:10:36.399 --> 00:10:38.310
they would on Earth, effectively


00:10:38.320 --> 00:10:40.110
preserving evidence of prebiotic


00:10:40.120 --> 00:10:42.389
chemistry. One of Dragonflyy's prime


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destinations is Sulk Crater, a massive


00:10:45.120 --> 00:10:47.990
90 km wide impact site. Scientists


00:10:48.000 --> 00:10:50.069
believe this ancient asteroid impact may


00:10:50.079 --> 00:10:52.069
have temporarily melted Titan's icy


00:10:52.079 --> 00:10:54.470
crust, creating a warm pool of liquid


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water mixed with organic compounds,


00:10:56.880 --> 00:10:59.430
essentially a prebiotic soup, similar to


00:10:59.440 --> 00:11:01.230
what might have spawned life on early


00:11:01.240 --> 00:11:04.230
Earth. By studying Titan, scientists


00:11:04.240 --> 00:11:05.990
hope to answer fundamental questions


00:11:06.000 --> 00:11:08.790
about how life begins. Is the path from


00:11:08.800 --> 00:11:11.030
chemistry to biology universal,


00:11:11.040 --> 00:11:13.269
following the same pattern everywhere?


00:11:13.279 --> 00:11:15.269
Or was Earth's development of life a


00:11:15.279 --> 00:11:17.269
cosmic coincidence?


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It's essentially a longunning chemical


00:11:19.360 --> 00:11:22.150
experiment, explains Sarah H, a


00:11:22.160 --> 00:11:24.389
Dragonfly co-investigator. That's why


00:11:24.399 --> 00:11:26.470
Titan is exciting. It's a natural


00:11:26.480 --> 00:11:27.910
version of our origin of life


00:11:27.920 --> 00:11:29.910
experiments, except it's been running


00:11:29.920 --> 00:11:33.069
much longer and on a planetary


00:11:33.079 --> 00:11:35.990
scale. Well, what an incredible journey


00:11:36.000 --> 00:11:37.430
around our cosmic neighborhood we've


00:11:37.440 --> 00:11:39.430
taken today. From witnessing Blue


00:11:39.440 --> 00:11:41.030
Origin's continued progress in


00:11:41.040 --> 00:11:43.110
commercial space flight to marveling at


00:11:43.120 --> 00:11:44.870
the sharpest black hole images ever


00:11:44.880 --> 00:11:46.630
captured from Earth.


00:11:46.640 --> 00:11:48.630
This has been Anna hosting Astronomy


00:11:48.640 --> 00:11:50.630
Daily. If you'd like to keep up with all


00:11:50.640 --> 00:11:52.630
the latest space and astronomy news,


00:11:52.640 --> 00:11:54.430
visit our website at


00:11:54.440 --> 00:11:56.310
astronomydaily.io where our newsfeed


00:11:56.320 --> 00:11:58.790
updates constantly. You can also follow


00:11:58.800 --> 00:12:00.389
us on social media by searching for


00:12:00.399 --> 00:12:03.350
Astro Daily Pod on Facebook X, YouTube,


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YouTube Music, Instagram, Tumblr, and


00:12:05.120 --> 00:12:07.030
Tik Tok. Until next time, keep looking


00:12:07.040 --> 00:12:17.310
up.


00:12:17.320 --> 00:12:20.830
Oh, the stories were told.


00:12:20.840 --> 00:12:27.389
[Music]