Asteroid Threats, Lunar Eclipses, and the Mystery of Moon Golf Balls: S04E33

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Kind: captions
Language: en

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[Music]


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welcome to astronomy daily I'm Anna


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today we have an absolutely packed show


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with some fascinating stories from


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across the cosmos we'll be diving into


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new research about another potential


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asteroid impact that could cause an


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impact winter on Earth explore major


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changes happening at Russia's space


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agency and get you ready for an upcoming


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total lunar eclipse that you won't want


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to miss we'll also check in with NASA's


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perseverance Rover on Mars where it's


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just made an extraordinary Discovery and


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learn about a breakthrough in solar


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science that's finally solved a


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longstanding mystery about our sun plus


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we'll wrap up with a fun look back at


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one of space exploration most enduring


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Mysteries the case of the Moon golf


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balls stay with me as we explore these


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stories and more right here on astronomy


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daily a new study has sent ripples


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through the scientific Community with


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its detailed analysis of what might


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happen if the asteroid benu were to


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collide with Earth in the year


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2182 now now before anyone starts


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panicking it's important to note that


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the chances of this impact are quite


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small about 1 and


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2,700 but the research gives us


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fascinating insights into how such an


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impact could affect our planet benu


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isn't exactly a giant as far as


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asteroids go it's about 3/10 of a mile


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across or around 500 M but don't let its


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relatively modest size fool you the


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computer simulations show that if this


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Rocky visitor were to strike Earth the


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consequence would be far-reaching and


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longlasting the immediate impact would


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create quite a show we're talking


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powerful shock waves earthquakes


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wildfires and thermal radiation but it's


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what happens next that's particularly


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interesting the Collision would throw an


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enormous amount of dust into our


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atmosphere somewhere between 100 and 400


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million tons this Cosmic dust cloud


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would hang around for 3 to four years


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dramatically altering our climate and


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ecosystems


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the researchers found that Earth's


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average surface temperature could drop


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by about 7 degrees Fahrenheit or 4


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degrees C rainfall would decrease by


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roughly 15% and plant photosynthesis


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could drop by up to


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30% perhaps most concerning is that our


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protective ozone layer could be depleted


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by


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32% leaving us more exposed to harmful


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ultraviolet radiation interestingly


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while land-based plant life would


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struggle to recover for about 2 years


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ocean planked would bounce back within


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just 6 months in fact the iron rich dust


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falling into the oceans might even


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trigger unprecedented Blooms of diatoms


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a type of algae the good news is that


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NASA isn't taking any chances with


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potential asteroid threats they've


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already successfully tested a planetary


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defense system with the dart mission in


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2022 which showed we can actually change


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an asteroid's trajectory if needed it's


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exactly this kind of preparation and


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forward thinking that could help protect


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us from future Cosmic


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threats next up let's go to today's news


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headlines the landscape of Russia's


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space program is experiencing a


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significant shakeup as the Kremlin has


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dismissed Yuri borisov from his position


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as head of roscosmos after less than


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three years in the role this change


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comes in the wake of Russia's first


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attempted moon mission in nearly half a


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century which unfortunately ended in


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Failure when the Luna 25 spacecraft


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crashed into the lunar surface last


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August taking the helm at Ros Cosmos is


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Demetri bakanov who comes from his


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previous position as Deputy transport


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Minister while the Kremlin maintains


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this is simply a routine rotation to


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keep the corporation developing


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dynamically the timing is particularly


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noteworthy given Russia's ambitious


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plans for the future of their space


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program despite the recent setback with


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Luna 25 Russia has been laying out bold


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plans for the coming years they're


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preparing to launch their own orbital


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space station to replace their


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involvement with the international space


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station the timeline for this new


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station is aggressive with the first two


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modules scheduled for launch in


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2027 this transition comes at a crucial


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moment for Russia's space Endeavors the


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country has historically been a Pioneer


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in space exploration from Yuri gagarin's


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historic first human space flight in


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1961 to their long-standing


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collaboration on the ISS however the


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geopolitical landscape has shifted


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dramatically particularly following the


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Ukraine conflict though Russia has


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maintained its space cooperation with


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the United States even as other


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relationships have become strained the


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new station project represents more than


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just a replacement for the Aging ISS


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it's intended to be a platform for


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scientific economic and security related


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projects that Russia believes aren't


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possible within their current ISS


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segment as we look toward this new


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chapter in Russian space exploration the


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pressure will be on banov to deliver on


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these ambitious goals while maintaining


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position as a major player in space


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exploration mark your calendars space


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enthusiasts because we're in for a


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spectacular Celestial show on March 13th


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and 14th


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2025 a total lunar eclipse will Grace


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our skies turning our moon a stunning


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red orange color as it passes through


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Earth's Shadow during this mesmerizing


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event the sun earth and moon will align


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perfectly with our planet casting its


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shadow onto the lunar surface the entire


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moon will travel through Earth's umbra


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that's the darkest part of our planet's


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Shadow creating what many people call a


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Blood Moon due to its distinctive


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Crimson Hue now you might wonder why the


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moon appears red during an eclipse


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rather than simply going dark it's


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actually the same phenomenon that gives


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us our blue skies and red sunsets as


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sunlight passes through Earth's


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atmosphere blue light scatters away


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while red light travels more directly


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through the air during the eclipse


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sunlight gets filtered through a thick


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slice of Earth's atmosphere before


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reaching the moon essentially projecting


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all of Earth's sunrises and sunsets onto


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the lunar surface at once the best part


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about lunar eclipses is that you don't


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need any special equipment to enjoy them


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while binoculars or a telescope can


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enhance your view the spectacle is


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perfectly visible to the naked eye just


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find yourself a spot away from bright


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lights for the best viewing


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experience for those planning to catch


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this Celestial event there's even more


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to see in the sky that night look toward


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the Western Horizon and you'll spot


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Jupiter and


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Mars as the moon's brightness dims


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during the eclipse you'll have an


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exceptional opportunity to observe


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constellations that might otherwise be


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harder to spot the moon will begin its


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journey in the constellation Leo right


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under the Lion's hind paw before


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Crossing into Virgo this Eclipse will be


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visible from Earth's Western Hemisphere


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making it a prime viewing opportunity


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for many of our listeners remember these


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Cosmic ballets don't happen every day so


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don't miss this chance to witness one of


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Nature's most impressive


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shows now exciting news from the red


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planet where NASA's perseverance Rover


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has just collected what scientists are


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calling a one-of aind treasure from an


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area known as Silver Mountain this 1.1


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in rock sample might not look like much


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at first glance but it could provide


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unprecedented insights into Mars's


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ancient history what makes this sample


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so special is its location and


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composition the rocks in this area are


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believed to have been thrust rust up to


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the surface from deep within Mars after


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an ancient impact billions of years ago


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scientists think these rocks could be


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pieces of Mars early crust and might


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even rank among the oldest rocks found


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anywhere in our solar system this is the


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first sample perseverance has collected


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from what geologists call the noan age a


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period roughly 4 billion years ago when


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Mars was regularly bombarded by


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asteroids and comets these impacts


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created many of the crater features we


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still see on the red planet today


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the sample's unique textures unlike


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anything the Rover has encountered


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before have scientists particularly


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intrigued since its Landing in 2021 near


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jazero Crater perseverance has been


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methodically exploring and sampling the


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Martian landscape the Rover has already


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made several significant discoveries


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including rocks showing chemical


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evidence of past water interaction a


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crucial finding since water is essential


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for Life as we know it while the


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scientific Community is eager to get


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their hands on this extraordinary sample


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there's still uncertainty about when


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these Martian rocks will make their way


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back to Earth NASA is currently


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reworking its Mars sample return program


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after cost projections Rose


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significantly the agency is now


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evaluating new proposals from industry


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and Academia with a decision on the path


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forward expected in


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2026 meanwhile China has announced plans


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for its own Mars sample return Mission


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aiming to launch in 2028 with samples


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potentially returning to Earth by


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2031 this adds an interesting element of


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competition to the race for bringing


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back the first pieces of the red


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planet in a groundbreaking discovery


00:09:11.120 --> 00:09:12.750
scientists have finally solved one of


00:09:12.760 --> 00:09:14.990
the sun's most persistent Mysteries


00:09:15.000 --> 00:09:17.829
using the solar Orbiter spacecraft the


00:09:17.839 --> 00:09:20.350
question of what drives the solar wind


00:09:20.360 --> 00:09:22.110
that constant stream of charged


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particles flowing from our Star has


00:09:24.480 --> 00:09:27.069
puzzled researchers for decades now we


00:09:27.079 --> 00:09:29.110
have our answer and it comes in the form


00:09:29.120 --> 00:09:31.870
of tiny hair-like Jets erupting from


00:09:31.880 --> 00:09:33.710
dark patches in the sun's


00:09:33.720 --> 00:09:35.750
atmosphere these fleeting bursts of


00:09:35.760 --> 00:09:38.069
energy captured an unprecedented detail


00:09:38.079 --> 00:09:40.389
by solar orbiters Advanced instruments


00:09:40.399 --> 00:09:42.790
last for about a minute each and launch


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charged particles into space at


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mindboggling speeds of around 224,000


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mph what's particularly fascinating is


00:09:51.000 --> 00:09:53.389
that these Jets appear to be responsible


00:09:53.399 --> 00:09:55.949
for both types of solar wind the fast


00:09:55.959 --> 00:09:58.829
and slow varieties something scientists


00:09:58.839 --> 00:10:01.949
didn't expect to find the discovery came


00:10:01.959 --> 00:10:03.790
during solar orbiters close approaches


00:10:03.800 --> 00:10:07.430
to the sun in late 2022 and early


00:10:07.440 --> 00:10:10.310
2023 by combining high resolution images


00:10:10.320 --> 00:10:11.949
with direct measurements of solar wind


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particles and magnetic fields


00:10:14.079 --> 00:10:17.110
researchers could for the first time


00:10:17.120 --> 00:10:19.110
directly connect these tiny Jets to the


00:10:19.120 --> 00:10:21.310
solar wind detected by their


00:10:21.320 --> 00:10:23.790
instruments these Jets appear in special


00:10:23.800 --> 00:10:26.069
regions called coronal holes dark


00:10:26.079 --> 00:10:27.550
patches in the sun's atmosphere where


00:10:27.560 --> 00:10:29.350
the magnetic field stretches out into


00:10:29.360 --> 00:10:30.949
space instead of looping back to the


00:10:30.959 --> 00:10:33.350
surface while scientists knew that fast


00:10:33.360 --> 00:10:35.949
solar wind came from these coronal holes


00:10:35.959 --> 00:10:38.190
the Revelation that slow solar wind also


00:10:38.200 --> 00:10:40.110
originates from the same Source came as


00:10:40.120 --> 00:10:42.829
a complete surprise this breakthrough


00:10:42.839 --> 00:10:44.790
has significant implications for our


00:10:44.800 --> 00:10:46.150
understanding of space weather and its


00:10:46.160 --> 00:10:48.710
effects on Earth the solar wind shapes


00:10:48.720 --> 00:10:50.670
our planet's magnetic environment and


00:10:50.680 --> 00:10:52.350
can impact everything from satellite


00:10:52.360 --> 00:10:55.310
operations to power grids by better


00:10:55.320 --> 00:10:57.190
understanding its Origins we might


00:10:57.200 --> 00:10:58.750
improve our ability to predict and


00:10:58.760 --> 00:11:00.829
prepare for solar storms and other space


00:11:00.839 --> 00:11:03.230
weather events the discovery was only


00:11:03.240 --> 00:11:05.310
possible thanks to solar Orbiter unique


00:11:05.320 --> 00:11:07.110
combination of Imaging systems and


00:11:07.120 --> 00:11:08.949
partical detection instruments


00:11:08.959 --> 00:11:11.150
showcasing how modern technology is


00:11:11.160 --> 00:11:13.710
helping us unravel the sun's deepest


00:11:13.720 --> 00:11:15.990
Secrets scientists plan to gather more


00:11:16.000 --> 00:11:17.910
data during future close approaches to


00:11:17.920 --> 00:11:20.190
better understand exactly how these tiny


00:11:20.200 --> 00:11:23.550
Jets manag to launch the solar wind into


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space to wrap up today here's a


00:11:26.200 --> 00:11:28.190
light-hearted but fascinating story from


00:11:28.200 --> 00:11:30.750
the Apollo era that still puzzles space


00:11:30.760 --> 00:11:33.509
historians today when Alan Shepard


00:11:33.519 --> 00:11:35.870
became the first and so far only person


00:11:35.880 --> 00:11:37.990
to play golf on the moon during the


00:11:38.000 --> 00:11:40.949
Apollo 14 mission in 1971 he


00:11:40.959 --> 00:11:43.470
deliberately kept one detail secret the


00:11:43.480 --> 00:11:45.470
brand of golf balls he used for his


00:11:45.480 --> 00:11:48.110
famous lunar shots Shepard had gotten


00:11:48.120 --> 00:11:49.910
special permission from NASA for this


00:11:49.920 --> 00:11:52.230
unique lunar activity but with one


00:11:52.240 --> 00:11:54.590
important condition it couldn't be used


00:11:54.600 --> 00:11:57.069
for commercial purposes to prevent any


00:11:57.079 --> 00:11:58.710
company from capitalizing on this


00:11:58.720 --> 00:12:01.310
historic moment Shephard never revealed


00:12:01.320 --> 00:12:03.590
which brand of balls made it to the moon


00:12:03.600 --> 00:12:05.389
famously stating that he hadn't even


00:12:05.399 --> 00:12:08.430
told his wife over the years several


00:12:08.440 --> 00:12:10.269
competing claims have emerged about


00:12:10.279 --> 00:12:12.750
these lunar golf balls one story comes


00:12:12.760 --> 00:12:15.470
from Shepherd's Barber Carlos villagomez


00:12:15.480 --> 00:12:17.629
who received a signed Max flyball from


00:12:17.639 --> 00:12:20.550
the astronaut shortly after the mission


00:12:20.560 --> 00:12:22.790
then there's Jack Harden the golf pro


00:12:22.800 --> 00:12:24.629
who helped Shephard modify the famous


00:12:24.639 --> 00:12:26.829
six iron Club who claimed they were


00:12:26.839 --> 00:12:29.470
customized Spalding range balls even the


00:12:29.480 --> 00:12:31.509
daisy company has staked a claim


00:12:31.519 --> 00:12:33.470
pointing to a sign crew photo thanking


00:12:33.480 --> 00:12:36.189
them for their golf balls adding to the


00:12:36.199 --> 00:12:38.350
Intrigue Shephard himself mentioned that


00:12:38.360 --> 00:12:40.110
he personally paid for the two golf


00:12:40.120 --> 00:12:42.269
balls seemingly contradicting these


00:12:42.279 --> 00:12:45.150
gift-based origin stories while we might


00:12:45.160 --> 00:12:46.949
hope to solve this Mystery by examining


00:12:46.959 --> 00:12:48.750
the balls on the moon they've likely


00:12:48.760 --> 00:12:50.750
been damaged beyond recognition by


00:12:50.760 --> 00:12:52.870
Decades of extreme temperature swings


00:12:52.880 --> 00:12:55.470
and radiation exposure despite the


00:12:55.480 --> 00:12:57.790
uncertainty around the brand what we do


00:12:57.800 --> 00:12:59.990
know is that Shepherd's lunar golf shots


00:13:00.000 --> 00:13:01.750
didn't quite live up to his excited


00:13:01.760 --> 00:13:03.949
claim of the balls traveling miles and


00:13:03.959 --> 00:13:05.750
miles and miles in the moon's low


00:13:05.760 --> 00:13:08.150
gravity later analysis of lunar


00:13:08.160 --> 00:13:09.710
photographs showed his best shot


00:13:09.720 --> 00:13:12.350
traveled about 40 yards still impressive


00:13:12.360 --> 00:13:14.269
considering he was wearing a bulky space


00:13:14.279 --> 00:13:17.389
suit and could only swing


00:13:17.399 --> 00:13:19.230
one-handed well that brings us to the


00:13:19.240 --> 00:13:20.790
end of today's fascinating journey


00:13:20.800 --> 00:13:23.350
through space and astronomy news this is


00:13:23.360 --> 00:13:25.550
Anna and I've truly enjoyed sharing


00:13:25.560 --> 00:13:27.990
these incredible stories with you if


00:13:28.000 --> 00:13:29.509
you're hungry for more space news and


00:13:29.519 --> 00:13:31.189
want to stay up to dat with the latest


00:13:31.199 --> 00:13:33.269
developments I've got some great ways


00:13:33.279 --> 00:13:35.350
for you to do just that head over to


00:13:35.360 --> 00:13:37.790
astronomy daily. where you'll find our


00:13:37.800 --> 00:13:39.750
constantly updating news feed covering


00:13:39.760 --> 00:13:41.710
all the latest space and astronomy


00:13:41.720 --> 00:13:43.629
developments while you're there you can


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also catch up on all our previous


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00:14:02.000 --> 00:14:04.350
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00:14:04.360 --> 00:14:06.069
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00:14:16.399 --> 00:14:18.670
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00:14:18.680 --> 00:14:20.870
thanks for listening to astronomy daily


00:14:20.880 --> 00:14:22.870
I'm Anna reminding you to keep looking


00:14:22.880 --> 00:14:24.470
up and I'll see you next time as we


00:14:24.480 --> 00:14:29.269
continue our journey through the cosmos


00:14:29.279 --> 00:14:31.770
Stories We Told


00:14:31.780 --> 00:14:47.169
[Music]