WEBVTT
1
00:00:03.200 --> 00:00:12.480
Calarugashark Media. Last time we talked about Dirty Harry, the
2
00:00:12.519 --> 00:00:16.120
film that made Clint Eastwood an American icon, but that's
3
00:00:16.199 --> 00:00:19.440
not where his story begins. The story begins in Spain,
4
00:00:20.039 --> 00:00:24.399
nineteen sixty four. A broke American television actor takes a
5
00:00:24.480 --> 00:00:28.120
job in a western nobody expects Americans to see. The
6
00:00:28.160 --> 00:00:31.359
pay is fifteen thousand dollars. The director is a twenty
7
00:00:31.359 --> 00:00:33.759
four year old Italian who's made nothing but sword and
8
00:00:33.799 --> 00:00:38.159
Sandal pictures. The budget is two hundred thousand dollars, modest
9
00:00:38.200 --> 00:00:42.200
by Hollywood standards, but enough to shoot in technicolor. None
10
00:00:42.240 --> 00:00:45.799
of it should have worked, but sometimes accidents change everything,
11
00:00:46.280 --> 00:00:49.200
and a fistful of dollars was a beautiful accident that
12
00:00:49.320 --> 00:00:53.000
created a new kind of Western, launched a career, and
13
00:00:53.119 --> 00:00:56.039
proved that the most American of film genres could be
14
00:00:56.119 --> 00:00:59.679
reinvented by foreigners who understood it better than Americans did.
15
00:01:00.840 --> 00:01:08.159
This is episode two, a fistful of Dollars. Here's what happened.
16
00:01:08.560 --> 00:01:12.519
Clint Eastwood was thirty four years old and desperate. Rawhide,
17
00:01:12.599 --> 00:01:15.719
the TV western that had made him moderately famous, was
18
00:01:15.879 --> 00:01:18.959
ending its run. He'd been the co lead for six
19
00:01:19.079 --> 00:01:22.680
years playing rowdy yates a clean cut cowboy on a
20
00:01:22.719 --> 00:01:26.799
cattle drive. It was steady work, decent money, but not
21
00:01:26.920 --> 00:01:31.159
exactly starmaking material. His agent got him an offer. An
22
00:01:31.200 --> 00:01:35.040
Italian director named Sergio Leone wanted him for a Western.
23
00:01:35.480 --> 00:01:38.560
The shoot would be in Spain, cheaper than Hollywood. The
24
00:01:38.599 --> 00:01:41.879
script was based on a Japanese samurai film. The whole
25
00:01:41.920 --> 00:01:46.200
thing sounded sketchy. Most established American actors passed. Leone had
26
00:01:46.200 --> 00:01:49.439
already been turned down by Henry Fonda, Charles Bronson, and
27
00:01:49.560 --> 00:01:52.959
James Coburn. Eastwood said yes because he needed the work,
28
00:01:53.120 --> 00:01:56.120
and because fifteen thousand dollars was more than he'd ever
29
00:01:56.159 --> 00:01:59.480
been paid for a single film. He had no idea
30
00:01:59.519 --> 00:02:01.599
he was about to become the most famous cowboy in
31
00:02:01.640 --> 00:02:05.239
the world. A Fistful of Dollars tells the story of
32
00:02:05.239 --> 00:02:07.920
a gunfighter who rides into a town torn apart by
33
00:02:07.959 --> 00:02:11.319
two feuding families. He plays both sides against each other,
34
00:02:11.719 --> 00:02:15.400
making money from the conflict while gradually eliminating his enemies.
35
00:02:15.919 --> 00:02:20.960
It's cynical, violent, and completely immoral. The hero isn't heroic.
36
00:02:21.400 --> 00:02:25.639
He's an opportunist who survives through cunning and superior firepower.
37
00:02:26.319 --> 00:02:31.039
American westerns had always been about civilization versus wilderness, good
38
00:02:31.120 --> 00:02:36.960
versus evil, community versus individualism. Leon's Western was about something else,
39
00:02:37.120 --> 00:02:42.319
entirely survival, nothing more, nothing less. The man with no
40
00:02:42.479 --> 00:02:46.240
Name wasn't fighting for justice or defending the innocent. He
41
00:02:46.400 --> 00:02:50.960
was making a living, and that changed everything. Leone had
42
00:02:50.960 --> 00:02:53.520
grown up watching American westerns but had never been to
43
00:02:53.560 --> 00:02:58.599
the American West. His vision was filtered through cinema, not reality.
44
00:02:58.639 --> 00:03:01.280
He was more interested in the mythosthology than the history,
45
00:03:01.800 --> 00:03:05.280
and that freed him to reinvent the genre completely. The
46
00:03:05.319 --> 00:03:08.439
look of the film was revolutionary. Instead of the bright,
47
00:03:08.520 --> 00:03:13.080
clean compositions of Hollywood westerns, Leone used extreme close ups
48
00:03:13.120 --> 00:03:16.719
in vast wide shots. Instead of clear heroes and villains,
49
00:03:17.000 --> 00:03:20.719
he created a world where everyone was morally compromised. Instead
50
00:03:20.719 --> 00:03:24.879
of noble violence, he showed violence as ugly, brutal, and decisive.
51
00:03:26.439 --> 00:03:30.000
The famous opening scene sets the tone. Three gunmen ride
52
00:03:30.039 --> 00:03:33.599
into town and terrorize a Mexican family. The camera lingers
53
00:03:33.599 --> 00:03:38.800
on faces, sweaty, cruel, amused by their own power. Then
54
00:03:38.919 --> 00:03:41.719
Eastwood rides in. The close up on his face is
55
00:03:41.759 --> 00:03:45.400
held for an impossibly long time. He says nothing. The
56
00:03:45.439 --> 00:03:49.759
audience waits, the tension builds. When he finally speaks, it's
57
00:03:49.800 --> 00:03:53.400
to order a drink. When violence finally comes, it's swift
58
00:03:53.520 --> 00:03:58.120
and final. Three men dead, No speeches about justice, no
59
00:03:58.280 --> 00:04:02.000
moment of moral clarity, just a professional doing his job.
60
00:04:02.719 --> 00:04:06.080
That was Leon's genius. He understood that American westerns had
61
00:04:06.080 --> 00:04:11.520
become too civilized, too moral, too safe. Real violence isn't noble,
62
00:04:12.000 --> 00:04:16.439
Real survival isn't pretty. Real men in impossible situations don't
63
00:04:16.480 --> 00:04:19.839
make speeches about doing the right thing. They do whatever works.
64
00:04:21.000 --> 00:04:24.600
Eastwood got it immediately. He'd grown up watching Western movies
65
00:04:24.600 --> 00:04:27.879
and television shows, but he'd never seen a character like this.
66
00:04:28.600 --> 00:04:32.279
The man with no name wasn't Roy Rogers or John Wayne.
67
00:04:32.839 --> 00:04:35.680
He wasn't even Gary Cooper in High Noon. He was
68
00:04:35.720 --> 00:04:39.920
something new, a Western hero stripped of heroism, left with
69
00:04:40.000 --> 00:04:45.319
only competence and survival instinct. The performance Eastwood created was
70
00:04:45.399 --> 00:04:48.680
unlike anything he'd done on Rawhyde Gone was the earnest
71
00:04:48.759 --> 00:04:51.959
young cowboy. In his place was a figure of barely
72
00:04:52.000 --> 00:04:56.800
contained menace. Every gesture was economical, Every line was delivered
73
00:04:56.800 --> 00:04:59.959
with flat certainty. He moved like a man who'd calcul
74
00:05:00.000 --> 00:05:03.199
related every angle and was always three steps ahead of
75
00:05:03.240 --> 00:05:08.079
everyone else. The famous poncho wasn't a costume choice. It
76
00:05:08.120 --> 00:05:11.519
was character development. It made him look bigger, more imposing,
77
00:05:11.920 --> 00:05:15.680
less human. The cigarillo between his teeth wasn't just a prop.
78
00:05:16.120 --> 00:05:18.920
It was a way of making him seem perpetually amused
79
00:05:18.959 --> 00:05:22.600
by other people's stupidity. The squint wasn't an acting choice.
80
00:05:22.879 --> 00:05:25.160
It was the natural result of a man who trusted
81
00:05:25.240 --> 00:05:30.040
nothing and no one. Most importantly, Eastwood understood that less
82
00:05:30.120 --> 00:05:35.839
was more. In American westerns, heroes talked. They explained their motivations,
83
00:05:36.240 --> 00:05:40.319
their moral codes, their relationships to the community. The man
84
00:05:40.360 --> 00:05:43.360
with no name said almost nothing. He let his actions
85
00:05:43.360 --> 00:05:48.120
speak for themselves. That silence was revolutionary. It turned the
86
00:05:48.199 --> 00:05:52.040
character into a cipher that audiences could project onto. He
87
00:05:52.079 --> 00:05:54.959
could be a hero or a villain, depending on your perspective.
88
00:05:55.480 --> 00:05:58.360
He could be a savior or a destroyer, depending on
89
00:05:58.399 --> 00:06:01.120
your needs. He was whatever you wanted him to be,
90
00:06:01.639 --> 00:06:05.439
as long as you understood that he was dangerous. The
91
00:06:05.480 --> 00:06:09.680
collaboration between Leon and Eastwood was immediate and intuitive. Leon
92
00:06:09.759 --> 00:06:14.000
spoke little English, Eastwood spoke no Italian. But they communicated
93
00:06:14.040 --> 00:06:17.959
through the camera, through gesture, through their shared understanding of
94
00:06:18.000 --> 00:06:21.879
what this character needed to be. Leon pushed Eastwood to
95
00:06:21.920 --> 00:06:26.560
be more minimal, more mysterious. Eastwood pushed Leon to be
96
00:06:26.600 --> 00:06:31.399
more precise, more realistic. Together they created something neither could
97
00:06:31.399 --> 00:06:35.079
have achieved alone, a Western that was both mythic and gritty,
98
00:06:35.519 --> 00:06:39.920
both larger than life and completely believable. The music, composed
99
00:06:39.959 --> 00:06:43.879
by Ennio Morricone, was the third crucial element. Instead of
100
00:06:43.920 --> 00:06:48.360
the sweeping orchestral scores of Hollywood westerns, Morricone created something
101
00:06:48.519 --> 00:06:54.959
entirely new, a soundscape that mixed traditional instruments with electric guitars, whistles, voices,
102
00:06:55.000 --> 00:06:58.800
and sound effects. The main theme is haunting and driving
103
00:06:58.839 --> 00:07:01.360
at the same time, like a funeral march for the
104
00:07:01.399 --> 00:07:06.160
American West. That theme would become as famous as Eastwood himself.
105
00:07:07.000 --> 00:07:09.360
You can't think of the character without hearing those first
106
00:07:09.399 --> 00:07:12.959
few notes. It wasn't just movie music. It was the
107
00:07:13.000 --> 00:07:15.720
sound of a new kind of Western, a new kind
108
00:07:15.759 --> 00:07:19.399
of hero, a new way of thinking about America's foundational myth.
109
00:07:21.160 --> 00:07:23.839
The film was released in Italy in nineteen sixty four
110
00:07:24.279 --> 00:07:27.560
and became an immediate sensation. It played for months in
111
00:07:27.600 --> 00:07:32.120
European theaters, making Eastwood famous across the continent before most
112
00:07:32.160 --> 00:07:36.560
Americans had heard of him. The success led to two sequels,
113
00:07:37.040 --> 00:07:39.920
For a Few Dollars More and The Good, the Bad,
114
00:07:40.040 --> 00:07:43.000
and the Ugly, completing what would become known as the
115
00:07:43.040 --> 00:07:48.519
Dollar's trilogy. But American distribution was another problem. Entirely United
116
00:07:48.639 --> 00:07:51.560
artists bought the film for American release, but had no
117
00:07:51.680 --> 00:07:54.600
idea how to market it. It looked too European for
118
00:07:54.680 --> 00:07:58.079
Western fans and too violent for art house audiences. They
119
00:07:58.120 --> 00:08:01.160
sat on it for three years. When A Fistful of
120
00:08:01.199 --> 00:08:05.000
Dollars finally opened in American theaters in nineteen sixty seven,
121
00:08:05.480 --> 00:08:09.600
it was a revelation. Audiences had never seen anything like it.
122
00:08:10.040 --> 00:08:14.160
Critics were divided. Some called it a masterpiece of visual storytelling,
123
00:08:14.639 --> 00:08:18.279
Others dismissed it as pretentious violence, but everyone agreed that
124
00:08:18.319 --> 00:08:22.120
Clint Eastwood had become a movie star. The success changed
125
00:08:22.160 --> 00:08:26.240
everything for Eastwood. He went from television actor to international
126
00:08:26.480 --> 00:08:29.680
icon almost overnight. The character of the man with No
127
00:08:29.800 --> 00:08:34.440
Name became the foundation for everything that followed. Harry Callahan.
128
00:08:35.000 --> 00:08:39.159
The protagonists of his westerns, even his later dramatic roles,
129
00:08:39.200 --> 00:08:43.279
all carried traces of that original mysterious gunfighter. But a
130
00:08:43.279 --> 00:08:47.440
fistful of Dollars also changed the Western genre forever. It
131
00:08:47.519 --> 00:08:51.279
proved that the mythology could be stripped down, darkened, made
132
00:08:51.279 --> 00:08:55.120
more complex without losing its essential appeal. It opened the
133
00:08:55.120 --> 00:08:59.440
door for more realistic, more violent, more morally ambiguous westerns
134
00:09:00.039 --> 00:09:04.639
Sam Peckinpause, The Wild Bunch, George Stephens, Shane. Even later
135
00:09:04.759 --> 00:09:08.759
Eastwood westerns like The Outlaw, Josie Wales, and Unforgiven all
136
00:09:08.840 --> 00:09:11.840
owe something to what Leon and Eastwood created in that
137
00:09:11.879 --> 00:09:16.320
first collaboration. Let's take a break here. When we come back,
138
00:09:16.480 --> 00:09:19.039
we'll talk about how the character evolved through the next
139
00:09:19.039 --> 00:09:22.919
two films, what it meant for Eastwood's career, and why
140
00:09:22.960 --> 00:09:25.639
the Man with No Name became the template for every
141
00:09:25.639 --> 00:09:36.399
anti hero that followed. We're back. The success of A
142
00:09:36.399 --> 00:09:39.919
Fistful of Dollars created an immediate problem for Leon and Eastwood.
143
00:09:40.279 --> 00:09:43.039
How do you follow up something that successful without just
144
00:09:43.120 --> 00:09:46.759
repeating yourself. The answer was to go bigger, stranger, and
145
00:09:46.840 --> 00:09:51.639
more cinematic with each subsequent film. For a Few Dollars More,
146
00:09:51.759 --> 00:09:55.080
released in nineteen sixty five, paired Eastwood with Lee van
147
00:09:55.159 --> 00:09:59.000
Cleef and created the template for the buddy western The Good,
148
00:09:59.080 --> 00:10:02.240
the Bad, and the Ug released in nineteen sixty six
149
00:10:02.639 --> 00:10:06.639
was an epic meditation on violence, greed, and survival set
150
00:10:06.679 --> 00:10:10.879
against the Civil War. Each film pushed further away from
151
00:10:10.919 --> 00:10:14.759
traditional Western narratives. There were no settlers to protect, no
152
00:10:14.919 --> 00:10:17.840
towns to clean up, no moral lessons to be learned.
153
00:10:18.320 --> 00:10:20.759
There was only survival and the question of who was
154
00:10:20.799 --> 00:10:25.440
smart enough and ruthless enough to survive longest. Eastwood's character
155
00:10:25.480 --> 00:10:29.240
evolved through the trilogy, but always remain fundamentally the same.
156
00:10:29.759 --> 00:10:32.799
A professional in a world of amateurs, a realist in
157
00:10:32.840 --> 00:10:35.720
a world of dreamers, a survivor in a world where
158
00:10:35.759 --> 00:10:38.200
most people were too stupid or too noble to survive.
159
00:10:39.879 --> 00:10:43.440
What made the performance work was Eastwood's understanding that the
160
00:10:43.559 --> 00:10:47.039
character's power came from restraint. In a world where everyone
161
00:10:47.080 --> 00:10:50.240
else was emotional, he was calm in a world where
162
00:10:50.240 --> 00:10:53.679
everyone else talked. He listened. In a world where everyone
163
00:10:53.720 --> 00:10:57.759
else made mistakes, he was always prepared. The famous Mexican
164
00:10:57.879 --> 00:11:00.279
standoff at the end of The Good, the Bad, and
165
00:11:00.320 --> 00:11:04.399
the Ugly is the ultimate expression of this philosophy. Three
166
00:11:04.440 --> 00:11:07.320
men face each other in a cemetery, each waiting for
167
00:11:07.360 --> 00:11:10.120
the others to make the first move. The sequence goes
168
00:11:10.159 --> 00:11:13.960
on for several minutes, building tension through pure cinema close
169
00:11:14.039 --> 00:11:18.159
ups on eyes, hands, guns, sweat. When the shooting finally starts,
170
00:11:18.159 --> 00:11:21.919
it's over and seconds. That's the Eastwood character in miniature,
171
00:11:22.480 --> 00:11:25.600
long periods of patient waiting followed by brief moments of
172
00:11:25.639 --> 00:11:31.240
decisive action. No wasted motion, no unnecessary violence, just professional
173
00:11:31.279 --> 00:11:35.879
competence applied to the problem of staying alive. The trilogy
174
00:11:35.879 --> 00:11:39.720
made Eastwood wealthy and famous, but it also created a trap.
175
00:11:40.200 --> 00:11:42.639
He was now the man with no Name. Whether he
176
00:11:42.720 --> 00:11:46.200
wanted to be or not, Every subsequent role would be
177
00:11:46.240 --> 00:11:49.919
measured against that performance. Every character would be expected to
178
00:11:49.919 --> 00:11:53.879
carry some trace of that mysterious gunfighter. Eastwood was smart
179
00:11:53.960 --> 00:11:56.200
enough to see the problem. He could have spent the
180
00:11:56.240 --> 00:11:59.559
rest of his career making spaghetti westerns, but he knew
181
00:11:59.559 --> 00:12:02.519
that would have eventually kill his career. He needed to
182
00:12:02.559 --> 00:12:04.799
prove he could do other things while still building on
183
00:12:04.879 --> 00:12:08.360
what had made him famous. That's where Dirty Harry came in.
184
00:12:08.840 --> 00:12:11.639
Harry Callahan was the man with no Name, transported to
185
00:12:11.679 --> 00:12:17.919
contemporary San Francisco. Same moral ambiguity, same professional competence, same
186
00:12:17.960 --> 00:12:21.759
willingness to use violence when necessary, but also a character
187
00:12:21.840 --> 00:12:25.879
with a name, a job, a place in society. It
188
00:12:25.960 --> 00:12:29.559
was a brilliant solution. Eastwood could play essentially the same
189
00:12:29.679 --> 00:12:34.440
character while appearing to do something completely different. The audience
190
00:12:34.440 --> 00:12:37.519
got what they wanted while Eastwood expanded his range. But
191
00:12:37.600 --> 00:12:40.360
the influence of A Fistful of Dollars went far beyond
192
00:12:40.399 --> 00:12:44.519
Eastwood's career. It changed how movies were made, how violence
193
00:12:44.639 --> 00:12:49.120
was depicted, how heroes were conceived. Before Leon movie violence
194
00:12:49.159 --> 00:12:52.159
was clean and quick. Good guys shot, bad guys, Bad
195
00:12:52.200 --> 00:12:57.440
guys fell down, justice was served. Leone made violence ugly, prolonged,
196
00:12:57.559 --> 00:13:02.440
and morally complicated. People didn't just die, They suffered, They bled,
197
00:13:03.000 --> 00:13:07.559
they begged. Violence had consequences, both for the victims and
198
00:13:07.600 --> 00:13:11.440
for those who committed it. The visual style was equally influential.
199
00:13:11.919 --> 00:13:15.039
Leone's use of extreme close ups and wide shots became
200
00:13:15.120 --> 00:13:20.279
standard in action filmmaking. His attention to detail the dirt underfingernails,
201
00:13:20.320 --> 00:13:23.559
the sweat on faces, the way leather creaked and spurs
202
00:13:23.639 --> 00:13:29.799
jingled became the gold standard for realistic filmmaking. Most importantly,
203
00:13:29.919 --> 00:13:32.840
Leon proved that genre of films could be art without
204
00:13:32.879 --> 00:13:37.120
losing their popular appeal. A Fistful of Dollars was simultaneously
205
00:13:37.159 --> 00:13:42.240
a crowd pleasing western and a sophisticated meditation on violence, survival,
206
00:13:42.360 --> 00:13:46.120
and human nature. It worked on multiple levels without apologizing
207
00:13:46.159 --> 00:13:49.840
for any of them. That approach became central to Eastwood's
208
00:13:49.879 --> 00:13:53.840
later work as a director. Films like Unforgiven, Mystic River,
209
00:13:54.320 --> 00:13:58.360
and Million Dollar Baby all operate the same way their genre,
210
00:13:58.480 --> 00:14:02.759
films that transcend their genres, popular entertainments that double as
211
00:14:02.840 --> 00:14:05.919
serious art. The character of the Man with No Name
212
00:14:06.159 --> 00:14:09.799
also became the template for virtually every anti hero that followed,
213
00:14:10.279 --> 00:14:13.480
from Hans Solo to Travis Bickle, from John Rambo to
214
00:14:13.600 --> 00:14:16.360
Tyler Durden. You can trace a direct line back to
215
00:14:16.480 --> 00:14:20.279
Eastwood's performance in a Fistful of Dollars. The key elements
216
00:14:20.279 --> 00:14:26.120
are always the same, moral ambiguity, professional competence, reluctant heroism,
217
00:14:26.519 --> 00:14:30.159
and the willingness to use violence when necessary. It's a
218
00:14:30.279 --> 00:14:33.639
character type that appeals to audiences because it combines the
219
00:14:33.679 --> 00:14:38.039
satisfaction of traditional heroism with the complexity of real human behavior.
220
00:14:38.720 --> 00:14:44.200
But what makes Eastwood's original performance still compelling is its restraint.
221
00:14:44.639 --> 00:14:48.840
Later imitators often pushed the character toward either complete heroism
222
00:14:49.080 --> 00:14:52.399
or complete villainy. Eastwood kept him balanced right on the
223
00:14:52.519 --> 00:14:56.360
edge where he was both admirable and dangerous, both sympathetic
224
00:14:56.399 --> 00:14:59.799
and frightening. That balance is what made the collaboration with
225
00:15:00.159 --> 00:15:04.960
own so successful. Leon understood grand gestures in mythic storytelling,
226
00:15:05.480 --> 00:15:09.559
Eastwood understood small details in human behavior. Together, they created
227
00:15:09.639 --> 00:15:13.679
characters who felt both legendary and real. The influence extends
228
00:15:13.759 --> 00:15:17.559
beyond cinema. The Man with No Name became a cultural archetype,
229
00:15:17.919 --> 00:15:22.039
the mysterious stranger who appears when needed, solves problems through
230
00:15:22.080 --> 00:15:25.960
superior firepower, and disappears when the job is done. It's
231
00:15:26.000 --> 00:15:29.720
a fantasy that appeals across cultures and generations because it
232
00:15:29.759 --> 00:15:38.200
addresses fundamental human anxieties about justice, protection, and survival. Politicians, soldiers,
233
00:15:38.519 --> 00:15:42.399
police officers, and even business leaders have modeled themselves on
234
00:15:42.519 --> 00:15:46.600
variations of the character. The idea of the competent individual
235
00:15:46.639 --> 00:15:49.919
who cuts through bureaucracy and gets things done has become
236
00:15:50.000 --> 00:15:54.159
central to American mythology, but the original A fistful of Dollars,
237
00:15:54.240 --> 00:15:58.159
is more complicated than its imitators. Leon and Eastwood created
238
00:15:58.159 --> 00:16:01.960
a character who was effective but not admirable, successful but
239
00:16:02.080 --> 00:16:06.679
not heroic, competent but not moral. He solves problems, but