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Calarogu Shark Media. Hello and welcome through Pallace Intrigue. I
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am your host, Mark Francis. Two hundred and fifty years ago,
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Britain was about to lose an empire. As America celebrates
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its milestone anniversary. Palace Intrigue explores the Revolution from the
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perspective of those who watched it unfold from London, King
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George the Third, the Royal Court, Parliament, and millions of
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Britain trained to make sense of events across the Atlantic
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day by day on our afternoon episodes this week will
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examine what they knew, what they misunderstood, and how the
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loss of America transformed the monarchy forever. On the morning
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of July third, seventeen seventy six, George the Third was
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king of all thirteen American colonies. That statement sounds obvious,
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It is also remarkably easy to forget. The following day,
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a group of delegates meeting in Philadelphia would declare that
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this was no longer true. What is often forgotten is
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thathundreds of thousands of Americans disagreed with them. The American
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Revolution is frequently remembered as a united colonial uprising against
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a distant monarch. From the perspective of Saint James Pallace,
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the reality looked very different. The colonies were divided, families argued,
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communities split apart. Men who had once agreed on almost
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everything suddenly found themselves on opposite sides of the most
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important political question of their age. And nowhere was that
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division more painful than within the family of Benjamin Franklin. Today,
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Franklin occupies a place in American history that is almost
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impossible to overstate. Inventor, diplomat, statesmen, and founding father. He
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became one of the central figures of the Revolution. His
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son chose a different path. William Franklin remained loyal to
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George the Third as Royal Governor of New Jersey. William
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had built a successful career within the imperial system. Unlike
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many royal officials, he was not British by birth. He
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was American. He had grown up in the colonies. His future,
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he believed, was tied to the British Empire. As tensions escalated,
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father and son drifted further apart. Benjamin moved steadily toward independence,
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William remained committed to the crown. Eventually, the break became permanent.
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In seventeen seventy six, revolutionary authorities arrested William Franklin and
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imprisoned him for a time. He was held under harsh conditions.
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The war eventually ended his political career in America and
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destroyed his relationship with his father. Years later, Benjamin Franklin wrote,
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nothing has ever affected me with so keen a sensation
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as to find myself deserted in my old age by
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my only son. It is one of the most heartbreaking
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lines to emerge from the revolution. It is also a
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reminder that this was not simply a war between Britain
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and America. It was a war between Americans. One reason
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the king remained convinced for so long that the rebellion
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could be defeated was that he knew men like William
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Franklin existed. Every report arriving from North America reminded him
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that the colonies were not speaking with one voice. Loyalist
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communities remained scattered throughout the Continentroyal governors continued to support
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the Crown. Merchants, lawyers, clergy, and farmers still considered themselves
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faithful subjects. To George. This was evidence that America had
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not rejected him. America was arguing with itself. Another loyal
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American whose story would have resonated deeply with the king
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was Thomas Hutchinson, the last royal governor of Massachusetts. Like
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William Franklin, Hutchinson was not an outsider as sent from London.
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He was a massachusetts man through and through His family
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had lived in New England for generations. He attended Harvard,
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He built a successful career in Boston. He understood America
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because America was his home. Yet he remained loyal to
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the Crown. That loyalty came at a tremendous cost. In
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seventeen sixty five, long before independence was declared, an angry
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mob attacked Hutchinson's Boston home. The destruction was extraordinary. Furniture
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was smashed, personal belongings were stolen, years of papers and
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records were scattered or destroyed. John Adams, no friend of Hutchinson, politically,
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later described it as one of the most disgraceful episodes
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of the period. Hutcheson never fully recovered from the experience.
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Eventually he departed for Britain, but he spent the remainder
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of his life from exile. He wrote words that still
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resonate nearly two hundred and fifty years later, I am
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in exile from my native country, not Britain, America more
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in just a moment. As the war progressed, Saint James
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Pallace became a destination not only for military reports and
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government dispatches, but also for appeals from loyal subjects whose
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lives had been disrupted by the conflict. Governors, judges, merchants,
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and military officers wrote to London describing conditions on the ground.
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Their letters paying a picture far more complicated than the
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story Americans would later tell about a united march toward independence.
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One of the most influential loyalist voices was Joseph Galloway
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of Pennsylvania. Galloway had attended the First Continental Congress. He
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was hardly an obscure figure, standing at the fringes of events.
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In fact, he spent much of the early crisis searching
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for a compromise that might keep the colonies within the
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Empire while granting them greater autonomy. Looking back, his proposals
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can seem remarkably modern. What Galloway wanted was not unlike
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the arrangements that would eventually emerge elsewhere in the Empire.
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Generations later, the difficulty was at either side was prepared
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to meet in the middle. His plan failed, the revolution
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moved forward, and Galloway eventually found himself living in Britain
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rather than Pennsylvania. Reflecting on the conflict, he argued that
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the measures of the Congress have alienated the affections of
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many thousands. The statement reveals how loyalists viewed the situation.
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They did not believe the revolution spoke for all Americans.
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They believed a vocal and determined movement had carried the
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colonies in the direction many never wanted to go. Whether
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they were right or Romans, and was beside the point.
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What matters is that George the third believed them. The
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King was not receiving reports from a continent united in rebellion.
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He was receiving reports from a continent divided by politics
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loyalty in war. That helps explain why the declaration of
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Independence did not produce immediate despair at the Palace. If
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substantial numbers of Americans remained loyal, then surely the rebellion
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could still be defeated. If governors remained faithful, then surely
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British authority could still be restored. If communities continued to
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support the crown, then surely independence was not inevitable. History
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would eventually prove otherwise. As the war turned against Britain,
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the position of loyalists became increasingly precarious. Many faced intimidation,
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Others lost property, some sort of businesses collapse. By the
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final years of the conflict, thousands had concluded that remaining
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in the newly independent United States was no longer possible.
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The migration that followed became one of the largest population
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movements in North American history. Entire families left. Many traveled
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north onto Canada, Others crossed the Atlantic. Some arrived in
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Britain carrying little more than documents describing what they had lost.
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The Crown now faced a new responsibility. These people had
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remained loyal. Many believed they had sacrificed homes, careers, and
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fortunes because they try to the King and the British government.
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What would happen to them now? The answer came in
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the form of the Loyalist Claims Commission. Created after the war.
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The commission heard thousands of claims from displaced loyalists seeking
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compensation for losses suffered during the revolution. The records survived
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to this day and offer an extraordinary window into the
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human cost of the conflict. A merchant from New York
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describing confiscated goods, a widow attempting to recover property, a
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former official documenting the destruction of a life's work. Together
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they formed something remarkable. If the Declaration of Independence is
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one archive of the revolution, these files are another. One
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records the people who built a new nation. The other
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records the people who wanted to remain subjects of the king.
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The revolution produced heroes and founders whose names would be
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remembered for centuries, and also produced exiles, divided families, and
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communities forced to make impossible choices. For every Benjamin Franklin,
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there was a William Franklin, and for George the Third.
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Those men and women from I mean proof that even
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at the moment America broke away, a significant part of
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America that chosen to stay loyal to the king, and
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they have it. If you'd like to email us of
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addresses the palaceintrig at gmail dot com, Please follow us
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on Spotify, Apple and leave a comment on Spotify Today's Shows.
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I'm Mark Francis my thanks to John McDermott. This is
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Palace intrigue and IT terms